Current Topics in Animal Learning: Brain, Emotion, and Cognition PDF
Preview Current Topics in Animal Learning: Brain, Emotion, and Cognition
CURRENT TOPICS IN ANIMAL LEARNING: Brain, Emotion, and Cognition Edited by LAWRENCE DACHOWSKI Tulane University CHARLES F. FLAHERTY Rutgers—The State University Technical Editor Alison Hartman Tulane University LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 1991 Hillsdale, New Jersey Hove and London Copyrighted Material Copyright © 1991 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 365 Broadway Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Current Topics in Animal Learning: brain, emotion, and cognition / edited by Lawrence Dachowski, Charles F. Flaherty; Technical Editor, Alison Hartman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-8058-0441-2 1. Learning in animals—Congresses. 2. Cognition in animals—Congresses. 3. Psychology, Comparative—Congresses. 4. Learning, Psychology of-Congresses. I. Dachowski, Lawrence. II. Flaherty, Charles F. QL785.C87 1991 591.51—dc20 90-38864 C1P Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Copyrighted Material Contents Contributors viii Preface xi 1 . Memory Processes, ACTH, and Extinction Phenomena 1 Rick Richardson and David C. Riccio Recovery of an Extinguished Avoidance Response by ACTH 4 Some Theoretical Considerations 10 Enhancement of Extinction by ACTH 13 Epilogue 17 References 18 2. Context and Retrieval in Extinction and in Other Examples of Interference in Simple Associative Learning 25 Mark E. Bouton Reinstatement of Extinguished Fear by Context-US Associations 26 Renewal of Extinguished Fear with a Change of Context 30 Mechanisms of Contextual Control 32 Context in Other Forms of Pavlovian Interference 35 Slow Reacquisition Following Extinction 39 Summary and Conclusions 46 References 48 iii Copyrighted Material iv CONTENTS 3. Event Revaluation Procedures and Associative Structures in Pavlovian Conditioning 5 5 Andrew R. Delamater and Vincent M. LoLordo Reinforcer Revaluation Experiments 57 Reinstatement of Pavlovian Conditioning 72 Other Extinction Effects 79 Contingency Experiments 81 Structures and Processes Involved in Pavlovian Conditioning 86 References 88 4. Expression of Learning 9 5 Ralph R. Miller and Nicholas J. Grahame Retrieval Cues and Reminders 96 Response Rules and the Comparator Hypothesis 101 Appropriateness of Response Measures 110 Conclusions 112 References 114 5. Memory Strategies in Pigeons 119 Thomas R. Zentall, Peter J. Urcuioli, Pamela Jackson-Smith, and Janice N. Steirn Coding in Delayed Conditional Discriminations 121 Spatial Learning Task 129 Conclusions 136 References 137 6. The Acquisition of Concrete and Abstract Categories in Pigeons 141 John M. Pearce A Demonstration of Categorization 142 A Prototype Analysis 145 A Feature Analysis 148 A Relational Analysis 152 A Stimulus Generalization Model for Categorization 157 References 162 Copyrighted Material CONTENTS v 7. Comparative Cognition: Processing of Serial Order and Serial Pattern 165 M. R. D'Amato Associative Transitivity in Monkeys and Pigeons 165 Serial Learning by Pigeons and Monkeys 168 The Monkey's Knowledge of Ordinal Position 171 A "Symbolic" Distance Effect in Monkeys 175 Representation of Ordinal Information 179 Processing of Serial Pattern by Animals 182 References 183 8. Parallels Between the Behavioral Effects of Dimethoxy-beta-carboline (DMCM) and Conditioned Fear Stimuli 187 Michael S. Fanselow, Fred J. Helmstetter, and Daniel J. Calcagnetti Mechanism of Action and Behavioral Effects of beta- Carbolines 187 Experiments 191 Endogenous Inverse Agonist Ligands as Mediators of Conditional Fear 201 References 203 9 . Incentive Contrast and Selected Animal Models of Anxiety 207 Charles F. Flaherty Contrast Effects in Consummatory Behavior 208 Selected Animal Models of Anxiety 228 Comparative Drug Effects 230 Summary and Conclusions 234 References 236 10. Consummatory Incentive Contrast: Experimental Design Relationships and Deprivation Effects 2 4 5 Lawrence Dachowski and Mary M. Brazier Taxonomy of Incentive Contrast Designs 246 Consummatory Contrast 252 Tulane University Studies of Consummatory Contrast 254 Summary and Conclusions 263 References 265 Copyrighted Material vi CONTENTS 11. Multiple Memory Systems in the Mammalian Brain Involved in Classical Conditioning 271 Theodore W. Berger, Julia L. Bassett, and William B. Orr Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Activity During Classical Conditioning of the Nictitating Membrane Response 275 Contribution of the Hippocampus to Conditioned NM Behavior 284 Multisynaptic Pathways Transmitting Hippocampal Output to Subcortical Brain Regions 286 Conclusion 299 References 301 12. Contribution of the Amygdala and Anatomically-Related Structures to the Acquisition and Expression of Aversively Conditioned Responses 311 Bruce S. Kapp, Carrie G. Markgraf, Amy Wilson, Jeffrey P. Pascoe, and William F. Supple The Amygdaloid Complex: Contributions to Aversive Conditioning Processes 312 The Amygdaloid ACe: Its Significance in a Two Process Theory of Aversive Conditioning 333 Summary and Conclusions 338 References 338 13. Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Hippocampal Cholinergic Systems in Working Memory 347 Thomas J. Walsh and James J. Chrobak Alzheimer's Disease 349 Anatomy and Physiology of the Cholinergic Septohippocampal Pathway 351 Effects of Cholinergic Manipulations on Memory Processes 353 AF64A as a Tool to Examine the Biological and Behavioral Properties of the Cholinergic Septohippocampal Pathway 361 Conclusion 370 References 370 Copyrighted Material CONTENTS vii 14. Brain, Emotion, and Cognition: An Overview 381 Charles F. Flaherty and Lawrence Dachowski Cognition 381 Emotion 387 Brain 389 Connections 393 References 395 Author Index 399 Subject Index 423 Copyrighted Material Contributors Julia L. Bassett Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Theodore W. Berger Department of Behavioral Neuroscience,University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Mark E. Bouton Department of Psychology, The University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 Mary M. Brazier Department of Psychology, Loyola University New Orleans, LA 70118 Daniel J. Calcagnetti Department of Psychology, Emory University Atlanta, GA James J. Chrobak Department of Psychology, Rutgers—The State University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Lawrence Dachowski Department of Psychology, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118 Copyrighted Material CONTRIBUTORS ix M. R. D'Amato Department of Psychology, Rutgers—The State University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Andrew R. Delamater Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1 Michael S. Fanselow Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Charles F. Flaherty Department of Psychology, Rutgers—The State University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Nicholas J. Grahame Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY 13901 Fred J. Helmstetter Department of Psychology, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH Pamela Jackson-Smith Department of Psychology, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Bruce S. Kapp Department of Psychology, University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 Vincent M. LoLordo Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1 Carrie G. Markgraf Department of Psychology, University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 Ralph R. Miller Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY 13901 William B. Orr Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Copyrighted Material
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