Current Thoughts on Dementia

621 Pages·2022·11.43 MB·English

by  Ghulam Md Ashraf, Md. Sahab Uddin

Ghulam Md Ashraf
Md. Sahab Uddin   Editors
Current
Thoughts
on Dementia
From Risk Factors to Therapeutic
Interventions
Current Thoughts on Dementia
(cid:129)
Ghulam Md Ashraf Md. Sahab Uddin
Editors
Current Thoughts
on Dementia
From Risk Factors to Therapeutic
Interventions
Editors
GhulamMdAshraf Md.SahabUddin
KingFahdMedicalResearchCenter DepartmentofPharmacy
KingAbdulazizUniversity SoutheastUniversity
Jeddah,SaudiArabia Dhaka,Bangladesh
ISBN978-981-16-7605-5 ISBN978-981-16-7606-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7606-2
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GhulamMdAshrafwouldliketodedicatethis
book to his family members.
Md. Sahab Uddin would like to dedicate this
book to his beloved parents, Sabikun Naher
and Md. Helal Uddin.
Preface
Dementia is one of the leading causes of disability among older people associated
withadeclineinmemoryorotherthinkingskillstoreducetheabilityofapersonto
performdailyactivities.Dementiafrequentlyoccursamongolderadults,butitisnot
necessarily part of the typical aging process. More than one type of dementia may
exist in the same person. Multiple risk factors can affect the risk of developing
dementiaincluding aging, gender,geneticfactors, andcomorbidities.Furthermore,
low social engagement, depression, high stress, and altered sleep architecture are
also reported to be linked to dementia. Currently, there is no effective cure for
dementia but existing therapeutic strategies can provide symptomatic relief and
improve the quality of life of the patients. Nowadays, there is a global effort to
combatthedevelopmentandprogressionofdementia.CurrentThoughtsonDemen-
tia Research: From Risk Factors to Therapeutic Interventions explores new evi-
denceofdifferentriskfactorsfordementiaandhowtheycontributetodiseaseonset
andpathologyprogressionaswellasnoveltherapeuticapproaches.
This book represents the copious set of specific research updates. All over the
world numerous erudite, experienced, and eminent academicians, researchers, and
scientists had participated to write the texts of this book to give a succinct and
thoroughunderstandingoftheriskfactorsandtheirlinkagetodementiaintermsof
molecular and cellular mechanisms as well as therapeutic approaches to combat
dementiaburden.
This book is suitable for professionals, academicians, students, researchers,
scientists, and industrialists around the world. Biomedical, health, and life science
departmentscanusethisbookasacrucialtextbook.Researchersandscientistsfrom
research institutes can use this book as efficient research info. Neurologists,
pharmacists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals can use this book as a
complete reference book. Furthermore, for interested readers, this book is a store-
houseofknowledgetocomprehendthecomplexityofdementia.Theorganizationof
thisbookprovidedprofoundknowledgeandalsomaintainedthereader’sinterest.
Thisbookcontains22chaptersdividedintotwoparts.Thecontentsofthebook
coverthemolecularandcellularmechanisticaspectsofvariousriskfactorsaffecting
dementiaandpotentialtherapeuticapproachestoreducethedementiaburden.
vii
viii Preface
It is expected that readers shall findthis bookveryinformative and enormously
useful.Sincescienceiscontinuouslychanging,readersarestronglyrecommendedto
checktherecentupdates.Theeditorsareebullientlyreadytoacceptanycomment,
suggestion,advice,orcritique.
Jeddah,SaudiArabia GhulamMdAshraf
Dhaka,Bangladesh Md.SahabUddin
Acknowledgments
Editingisacomplexprocess;theeditorswouldliketothankthepeopleinvolvedin
this project for their quality time, expertise, and countless efforts. The editors are
extremelyindebtedtothefollowing:
(cid:129) Theauthorsforthecountlesstimeandexpertisethattheyhaveputintotheirtexts.
(cid:129) Thoseauthorswhosubmittedworkstocontributetothisprojectbutunfortunately
rejected.
(cid:129) Thereviewersfortheirconstructivereviewsinimprovingthequalityandpresen-
tationofthecontents.
(cid:129) Theteachers,colleagues,friends,andsupportersfortheirendlessinspirationand
assists.
(cid:129) EspeciallySpringerNatureforgivingusagreatopportunitytoeditthisbookand
theiraidinthepreparationofthisedition.
(cid:129) Last but not least, the editors would like to express the heartiest gratitude to
almightyAllahandtheirparents.
GhulamMdAshraf
Md.SahabUddin
ix
Contents
PartI RiskFactorsforDementia
1 ApoE:ARiskFactorforDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
HumiraJeelani,JahangirNabi,YasmeenaAkhter,NahidaTabasum,
DilAfroze,FaheemHyderPottoo,andFasilAli
2 Infection-InducedSystemicInflammationandDementia. . . . . . . . . 31
NewmanOsafo,SilvioOwusuDei,NathanaelAdoteAkwei,
andOduroKofiYeboah
3 RoleofImpairedInsulinSignalinginthePathogenesis
ofDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
AbhilashaAhlawat,VaibhavWalia,andMunishGarg
4 SexHormonesasRiskFactorsforDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
PriscillaKolibeaManteandNanaOforiAdomako
5 MitophagyImpairmentsasCulpritofAlzheimer’sDisease. . . . . . . 115
ShaliniMani,GeetaSwargiary,ManishaSingh,andMahimaRawal
6 Parkinson’sDisease:NeurochemistryandPharmacological
Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
ShradhaBisht,MamtaF.Singh,andAmanUpaganlawar
7 EmergingRolesofTREM2inNeurodegenerativeDiseases. . . . . . . 169
Md.TanvirKabir
8 MolecularMechanismsUnderlyingtheRoleofHSPB8in
Neurodegeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
RupaliPatil,NituWankhede,AmanUpaganlawar,
andSuvarnaIngale
9 MolecularInsightsintotheRoleofERStress
inNeurodegenerativeDiseases.. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 219
Md.TanvirKabir
xxii
xii Contents
10 RoleofHypertensionandHyperlipidemiainthePathogenesis
ofDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
MeenakshiKaira,VaibhavWalia,andMunishGarg
11 BehavioralAbnormalitiesofGutMicrobiotaandProgression
ofDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
MohammadZubair,FarhaFatima,andFohadMaboodHusain
12 Gut–BrainAxisinAlzheimer’sDisease:InterplayBetween
Cholecystokinin,Dysbiosis,andBrain-DerivedNeurotrophic
Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
YassamineOuerdane,ZeinabS.El-Nahas,FellaOuerdane,
KhaledM.Hamam,andMahmoudAhmedEbada
PartII TherapeuticInterventionsforDementia
13 CholesterolandDementia:APossibleTherapeuticApproach. . . . . 357
JessicaSarahiAlavez-RubioandTeresaJuárez-Cedillo
14 TherapeuticPotentialofPPARsinAlzheimer’sDisease. . . . . . . . . 387
AmanUpaganlawar,ChandrashekharUpasani,
andStellaAmarachiIhim
15 ExploringtheRoleofStatinsinReversingtheCognitive
andNeurovascularDysfunctionsinDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
ManishaSingh,VinayakAgarwal,PranavPancham,ShriyaAgarwal,
SiddhiBhardwaj,andShaliniMani
16 RoleofImmunotherapyinAmelioratingProteopathic
Dementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
ManishaSingh,PranavPancham,ShriyaAgarwal,HarleenKaur,
VinayakAgarwal,RajKumarTiwari,ShaliniMani,andRachana
17 Hypoxic-HyperoxicTraininginDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
ChristosTsagkaris,RehabΑ.Rayan,EleniKonstantara,Lolita
Matiashova,andValeriiaDanilchenko
18 MusicTherapyinDementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
ShreyaBhargava,IshaJain,ManishaSingh,andRachana
19 BeneficialEffectsofCitrusFlavonoidsAgainstAβPathologyin
Alzheimer’sDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 513
HayateJaved,ShreeshKumarOjha,andMohammadChandJamali
20 TherapeuticPotentialofPhytochemicals:LessonsLearnedfrom
Streptozotocin-InducedSporadicAlzheimer’sDisease. . . . . . . . . . . 531
HayateJavedandShreeshKumarOjha