Multilingual Education Piotr Romanowski · Małgorzata Jedynak Editors Current Research in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education Multilingual Education Volume 26 Series Editors Andy Kirkpatrick Department of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia Bob Adamson Chair Professor of Curriculum Reform Department of International Education & Lifelong Learning The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR Editorial Board Jan Blommaert, University of Tilburg, The Netherlands Kingsley Bolton, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Feng Anwei, The University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China Ofelia Garcia, The Graduate Centre, City University of New York, USA Saran Kaur Gill, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Mingyue (Michelle) Gu, Education University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR Gu Yueguo, The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Hartmut Haberland, Roskilde University, Denmark David C.S. Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Li Wei, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK Low Ee-Ling, National Institute of Education, Singapore Tony Liddicoat, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Ricardo Nolasco, University of the Philippines at Diliman, Manila, The Philippines Merrill Swain, Ontario Institute of Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada Virginia Yip Choy Yin, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR The book series Multilingual Education publishes top quality monographs and edited volumes containing empirical research on multilingual language acquisition, language contact and the respective roles of languages in contexts where the languages are not cognate and where the scripts are often different, in order to be able to better understand the processes and issues involved and to inform governments and language policy makers. The volumes in this series are aimed primarily at researchers in education, especially multilingual education and other related fields, and those who are involved in the education of (language) teachers. Others who will be interested include key stakeholders and policy makers in the field of language policy and education. The editors welcome proposals and ideas for books that fit the series. For more information on how you can submit a proposal, please contact the publishing editor, Jolanda Voogd. E-mail: [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8836 Piotr Romanowski • Małgorzata Jedynak Editors Current Research in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education Editors Piotr Romanowski Małgorzata Jedynak Faculty of Applied Linguistics Institute of English University of Warsaw University of Wrocław Warsaw, Poland Wrocław, Poland ISSN 2213-3208 ISSN 2213-3216 (electronic) Multilingual Education ISBN 978-3-319-92395-6 ISBN 978-3-319-92396-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92396-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018949904 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgements We would like to extend our gratitude to all the reviewers for their expertise and invaluable comments at the initial stage of the volume production, specifically to Ellen Bialystok (York University, Canada), Elena Nicoladis (University of Alberta, Canada), Christa Van der Walt (University of Stellenbosch, South Africa), Una Cunningham (University of Canterbury, New Zealand), Jeanette King (University of Canterbury, New Zealand), Christine Helot (University of Strasbourg, France), Antoinette Camilleri Grima (University of Malta), Sandro Caruana (University of Malta), Wai Meng Chan (National University of Singapore), Susana Eisenchlas (Griffith University, Australia), Bryn Jones (Bangor University, Wales), Teresa Siek-Piskozub (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland), Danuta Gabryś- Barker (University of Silesia, Poland) and Agnieszka Otwinowska (University of Warsaw, Poland). Special thanks go to the Multilingual Education series editors, Andy Kirkpatrick (Griffith University, Australia) and Bob Adamson (Hong Kong Institute of Education) for encouragement, guidance and giving us the opportunity to publish our volume in their series. Piotr Romanowski Małgorzata Jedynak v Contents Part I Language Acquisition and Linguistic Aspects of Bilingualism Strategies of Communication in an NNB Family: On the Way to Bilingual Maintenance in a Monolingual Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Piotr Romanowski Is There a Relationship Between Language Competences and Metalinguistic Awareness? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Zofia Chłopek Two Grammars in the Input: Two Different Strategies to Process the Input. The Usage-Based Perspective on the Development of Nominal Inflections in a Bilingual Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Dorota Gaskins A Sociolinguistic Perspective of Codeswitching in French as a Foreign Language Class in Malta and its Implications for Learning . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Anne-Marie Bezzina and Joanne Gauci Understanding Linguistic Features of Estonian-Latvian Bilingual Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Anna Verschik and Elīna Bone Part II L anguage Teaching Aspects of Bilingualism Learning Fractions Through Two Languages in an Elementary Classroom: The Interrelation of Maltese and English with the Mathematics Register(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Marie Therese Farrugia Are Classroom Requests Similar in All EFL Settings? Focusing on a Young Multilingual Learning Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Pilar Safont vii viii Contents Teaching English in a Multilingual Classroom: Addressing Challenges Through Teacher Education and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Daniel Xerri Bilingualism with English As a “Second Language” and/or Broad Plurilingual Repertoires: A Swiss Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Georges Lüdi Part III L anguage Education Aspects of Bilingualism Stop the Deficit: Preparing Pre-service Teachers to Work with Bilingual Students in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Johanna Ennser-Kananen and Christine Montecillo Leider Discursive Techniques in Heritage Language Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Corinne A. Seals The Evolution of Bilingual Education in Monolingual Contexts: An Andalusian Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 María Luisa Pérez Cañado Contributors Anne-Marie Bezzina University of Malta, Msida, Malta Elīna Bone Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia Zofia Chłopek Institute of German Philology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland Johanna Ennser-Kananen University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland Marie Therese Farrugia University of Malta, Msida, Malta Dorota Gaskins Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK Joanne Gauci St. Martin’s College, Msida, Malta Małgorzata Jedynak University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland Christine Montecillo Leider Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Georges Lüdi University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland María Luisa Pérez Cañado University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain Piotr Romanowski Faculty of Applied Linguistics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Pilar Safont Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain Corinne A. Seals Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Anna Verschik Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia Daniel Xerri University of Malta, Msida, Malta ix Notes on Contributors Anne-Marie Bezzina is coordinator for the French subject area within the Department of Languages and Humanities in Education at the University of Malta. She is responsible for training teachers of French as a foreign language in Malta. Her PhD was devoted to the stylistic variation in Maltese in comparison with the French sociolinguistic situation. Her areas of interest include sociolinguistics, for- eign language teaching and learning and bilingualism. She has published articles in peer-reviewed journals and co-authored textbooks for French as a foreign language in Malta. She has presented academic papers at international conferences and appeared in the media in relation to her areas of academic interest. Elīna Bone holds a Master’s degree in linguistics and language editing from Tallinn University. She has been a PhD student at the same university since 2016. She is interested in contact linguistics and Estonian-Latvian language contacts. Zofia Chłopek is associate professor at the Department of German, the University of Wrocław, Poland, where she conducts lectures and seminars on German Language Teaching and Psycholinguistics. Her research interests include psycholinguistic processes of second, third and additional language appropriation and use; teaching second, third and any further languages; early bi-/multilingualism; and intercultural training in a foreign language classroom. She is the author of three monographs, including Early Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Parents’ and Caregivers’ Attitudes and Observations (Peter Lang, 2016), as well as several articles. She is currently working on a course book for teaching German as a foreign language for students of German philology and beginning teachers of German. Johanna Ennser-Kananen is a postdoctoral researcher in the area of applied lan- guage studies at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland. Her current research focuses on linguistically and culturally sustaining education and teacher education, specifi- cally on anti-oppressive approaches to teaching migrant youth and young adults. xi