Current Ornithology: Volume 3

530 Pages·1986·9.799 MB·English

by  Joseph R. Jehl Jr., Bertram G. Murray Jr. (auth.), Richard F. Johnston (eds.)

CURRENT
ORNITHOLOGY
VOLUME 3
Current Ornithology
Editorial Board
William R. Dawson, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Frances C. James, Tallahassee, Florida
Donald E. Kroodsma, Amherst, Massachusetts
Frank A. Pitelka, Berkeley, California
Robert J. Raikow, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Robert K. Selander, Rochester, New York
A Continuation Order Plan in available for this series. A continuation order will bring
delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon
actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
CURRENT
I (I
ORNITHOLOGY
VOLUME 3
Edited by
RICHARD F. JOHNSTON
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas
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PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this titIe as folIows:
Current ornithology. - Vol. 1-
New York: Plenum Press, c1983-
v.: ilI.; 24 cm.
AnnuaI.
Editor: Richard F. Johnston.
ISSN 0742-390X = Current ornithology.
1. Ornithology-Periodicals. I. Johnston, Richard F.
QL671.C87 598'.05-dc19 84-640616
[8509) AACR 2 MARC-S
ISBN 978'1-4615-6786-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-6784-4 {eBookl
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6784-4
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1986
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
CONTRIBUTORS
ROBERT C. FLEISCHER, Department of Biological Sciences, University
of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106.
Present Address: Hawaiian Evolutionary Biology Prograrn, Uni
versity of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
RUSSELL GREENBERG, Department of Zoological Research, National
Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20008
JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., Hubbs Marine Research Institute, Mission Bay
Laboratories, San Diego, California 92109
MARCY F. LAWTON, Department of Biological Sciences, University
of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899
ROBERT O. LA WTON, Department of Biological Sciences, University
of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899
MICHAEL L. MORRISON, Department of Forestry and Resource Man
agement, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
BERTRAM G. MURRA Y, JR., Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
LEWIS W. ORING, Department of Biology, University of North Dakota,
Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
v
vi CONTRIBUTORS
ROBERT B. PAYNE, Museum of Zoology and Division of Biological
Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
ROBERT W. RISEBROUGH, The Bodega Bay Institute, Berkeley, Cali
fornia 94705
SIEVERT ROHWER, Department of Zoology and Burke Museum DB-
10, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
STEPHEN I. ROTHSTEIN, Department of Biological Sciences, Univer
sity of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
STANLEY A. TEMPLE, Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
MARY F. WILLSON, Department of Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution,
University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
DA VID A. YOKEL, Department of Biological Sciences, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
PREFACE
If it is still true that more than 80% of the ornithologists in North
America are primarily interested or engaged in ecological studies on
birds (J. R. King and W. J. Bock, Final Report of the Workshop on a
National Plan For Ornithology, 1978), then Volume 3 of Current Orni
thology is preadapted for their consideration. All but one article in this
volume are somehow concerned with the ecological aspects of the bi
ology of birds. Variation in the scope of topical coverage is relatively
broad, and includes conservation, reproduction, behavior, community
structure, and evolutionary ecology.
Three reviews concern the pervasive effects of man and industry
on various bird populations of the world. Risebrough provides a de
tailed description of the relationships between pesticides and bird pop
ulations. Morrison ass es ses aspects of bird population numbers as in
dicators of environmental change, and Temple outlines current research
on endangered species.
The broad spectrum of reproductive ecology of birds is variously
treated in this volume. Jehl and Murray explore sexual selection and
some of the resulting complexities in the evolution of sexual size di
morphism, primarily in shorebirds. Lawton and Lawton are concerned
with the relationships between social behavior and breeding systems
in which variation is found in the age at which reproduction is first
undertaken. Oring examines the wide-ranging variation in polyandrous
breeding systems in birds, while Rohwer is concerned with adoption
versus infanticide in birds, and their relationships to reproductive fit
ness.
vii
viii PREFACE
Payne examines the significance of bird song to certain aspects of
avian systematics, and Rothstein, Yokel, and Fleischer provide detailed
descriptions of several aspects of the behavioral ecology of Brown
headed Cowbirds. Willson looks at some of the relationships between
bird and plant communities to be found at temperate latitudes, and
Greenberg examines the degrees of competition that may influence dis
tribution and abundance of high-latitude migrants on their wintering
grounds or in the nonbreeding season.
The Editorial Board and I greatly appreciate suggestions and rec
ommendations that have been received over the past four years from
the ornithological community for topics and authors of current interest
and significance; a number of them appear in this volume.
Richard F. Johnston
Lowrence, Konsos
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
THE EVOLUTION OF NORMAL AND REVERSE SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM
IN SHOREBIRDS AND OTHER BIRDS
JOSEPH R. JEHL, JR., AND BERTRAM G. MURRAY, JR.
1. Introduction ........................................................... 1
2. Methods ................................................................ 4
3. The Shorebirds ........................................................ 6
3.1. Charadrii .......................................................... 7
3.2. Scolopaci ......................................................... 12
4. Patterns of Size Dimorphism ....................................... 18
4.1. Sexual Size Dimorphism and Foraging Behavior ............ 22
4.2. Sexual Size Dimorphism and Latitude ........................ 26
4.3. Sexual Size Dimorphism and Mating Systems ............... 27
4.4. Relationship between Size and Plumage Dimorphism ...... 30
5. Theories Pertaining to the Evolution of Sexual Size
Dimorphism .......................................................... 30
5.1. Ecological Theories ............................................. 30
5.2. Reproductive Theories .......................................... 34
6. A General Theory for the Evolution of Sexual Size
Dimorphism .......................................................... 37
7. Effects of Ecological Factors on Size Dimorphism ............... 45
7.1. Chionididae ...................................................... 45
ix
x CONTENTS
7.2. Haematopodidae ............................................... .46
7.3. Recurvirostridae ................................................ .46
7.4. Charadriidae ..................................................... 47
7.5. Jacanidae ......................................................... 47
7.6. Scolopacidae .................................................... .48
8. Sexual Size Dimorphism in Other Taxa ........................... 51
8.1. Ratites and Tinamous ........................................... 51
8.2. Pelecaniformes .................................................. 52
8.3. Falconiformes ................................................... 53
8.4. Stercorariidae .................................................... 55
8.5. Strigiformes ...................................................... 56
8.6. Turnicidae ....................................................... 57
8.7. Trochilidae ....................................................... 57
8.8. Other Families ................................................... 58
8.9. Mammals ......................................................... 58
9. Future Research ...................................................... 59
10. Conclusions ........................................................... 61
References ............................................................ 76
CHAPTER 2
BIRD SONGS AND AVIAN SYSTEMATICS
ROBERT B. PAY NE
1. Introduction ............................................................ 87
2. Bird Song and Species Problems .................................... 88
2.1. Songs and Sympatric Sibling Species .......................... 88
2.2. Songs and Allopatric Populations .............................. 89
2.3. Variation among Populations and Variation
among Species .................................................... 90
2.4. Songs and Subspecies ............................................ 91
2.5. Limitations: Social and Developmental Factors ............... 92
2.6. Song as a Test of Species Limits in Two Species Groups .... 94
3. Experimental Tests of Species Distinctiveness ..................... 98
3.1. Song Playback Experiments ..................................... 99
3.2. Geographie Variation in Song and in Responsiveness ...... 100
3.3. Female Responsiveness to Song .............................. 103
4. Bird Songs and the Phylogeny of Speciation ..................... 104
4.1. Character Analysis in Phylogenetic Systematics ............ 104
4.2. Song Development, Templates, and Cultural Evolution .... 105