Current Oculomotor Research: Physiological and Psychological Aspects PDF
Preview Current Oculomotor Research: Physiological and Psychological Aspects
Current Oculomotor Research Physiological and Psychological Aspects Current Oculomotor Research Physiological and Psychological Aspects Edited by Wolfgang Becker University of Ulm Ulm. Germany Heiner Deubel Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich. Germany and Thomas Mergner University ofF reiburg Freiburg. Germany Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Current oculomotor research : physiological and psychological aspects / edited by Wolfgang Becker, Heiner Deubel, and Thomas Mergner. p. em. "Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Eye Movements, held September 23-26, 1997, in Ulm, Germany"--T_p_ verso_ Includes bibliographical references and index. :. Eye··Movements'-Congresses. 2. Eye--Movement disorders-'Congresses. I. Becker, Wolfgang, Dr. -lng. ~~. ~eube:, Heiner. III. European Conference on Eye Movements 19th: 1997 : Ulm, Germany) QP477.5 .C87 1999 612.8'46- ·dc21 98·3:568 c:? Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Eye Movements, held September 23 - 26, 1997, in VIm, Germany ISBN 978-1-4419-3308-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-3054-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-3054-8 © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers in 1999. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This volume contains the proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM 9), held in Ulm, Germany, on September 23-26, 1997. ECEM 9 con- tinued a series of conferences initiated by Rudolf Groner of Bern, Switzerland, in 1981 which, from its very beginning, has brought together scientists from very diverse fields with a common interest in eye movements. About 40 of the papers presented at ECEM 9 have been selected for presentation in full length while others are rendered in condensed form. There is a broad spectrum of motives why people have become involved in, and fas- cinated by, eye movement research. Neuroscientists have been allured by the prospect of understanding anatomical findings, single unit recordings, and the sequels of experimental lesions in terms of the clearly defined system requirements and the well documented be- havioural repertoire of the oculomotor system. Others have been attracted by the richness of this repertoire and its dependence on an intricate hierarchy of factors spanning from "simple" reflexes to visual pattern recognition and spatio-temporal prediction. Neurolo- gists, neuro-ophthalmologists and neuro-otologists have long standing experience with eye movements as sensitive indicators of lesions in the brain stem, the midbrain, and the cere- bellum. By studying oculomotor malfunctions they have made, and are continuing to make, important contributions to our understanding of oculomotor functions. Engineers, early on, were intrigued by the often machine-like responses of our eyes and tried to ana- lyze the underlying logical structure by means of systems theory. Others are interested in developing ever more sophisticated and reliable eye movement recording systems or look at the way eye movements scan the visual space in order to devise optimum strategies for the presentation and search of visually coded information. Finally, psychologists have dis- covered eye movements as indicators of cognitive processes and of variations of a sub- ject's attentive state. They are investigating the role of eye movements in reading and are considering their interactions with the uptake of visual information. In doing so, they have come to pose the very same questions about the logical structure of the visuo-oculomotor interface that also preoccupy their colleagues on the neuroscience and engineering side. Characteristically, the originator of ECEM series himself is a psychologist. Screening the more than 160 mostly excellent presentations given at ECEM 9 and selecting 40 of them for full length presentation was not an easy task. We have tried to identify the most outstanding contributions that would best reflect the broad and interdis- ciplinary scope of the conference. We are indebted to the conference chairpersons for as- sisting us herein with their invaluable advice. However, the ultimate responsibility for the final selection is entirely with the editors-it is they who should be blamed for inconsis- tencies and important papers that have been overlooked. vi Preface The conference, and hence this book, could not have been realized without the dedi- cated help of numerous people. We wish to thank the staff of Sektion Neurophysiologie at the University ofUlm, including T. BoB, V. Diekmann, B. Glinkemann, R. Jurgens, and R. Kuhne, for their participation in the organization of the conference, Fray L. Frey for her secretarial help, and W. Krause of Neurologische Klinik at the University of Freiburg for helping to prepare the book. Finally, we also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Deutsche For- schungsgemeinschaft and the Faculty of Medicine of the University ofUlm. We also thank the participants who all contributed to an exciting and challenging conference. The picture on the front cover shows the EYE OF HORUS, a symbol of the god Ho- rus from the mythical world of ancient Egypt (here as artwork of T. Mergner). The symbol was also considered a powerful amulet and was worn to ensure good health. The pharma- cist's mark for prescription, ij, is derived from this symbol. Furthermore, the scheme also represented a fractional quantification system to measure parts of a whole. Each piece of the eye was thought to represent a fraction of the descending geometric series 1I2, 1I4, 1/8, ... 1I64. Its sum equals 63/64, or approximately 1. The eye is also thought to represent the "whole" of sensory inputs, its parts standing for Touch, Taste, Hearing, Thought, Sight and Smell. Following very precise laws related to the fraction values, it represented a kind of "model" for what we call today sensory physiology. W. Becker, Ulm H. Deubel, Munich T. Mergner, Freiburg CONTENTS 1. Brainstem Anatomy of Saccades and Ocular Following J. A. Buttner-Ennever and A. K. E. Hom 2. c-Fos Expression in the Optokinetic Nuclei of the Rat following Different Visual Stimulus Conditions ........................................... 7 Giampaolo Biral, Renata Ferrari, and Sergio Fonda 3. Neuronal Activity in Monkey Superior Colliculus during an Antisaccade Task. . 17 Stefan Everling, Michael C. Dorris, and Douglas P. Munoz 4. Space and Salience in Parietal Cortex .................................. 25 Keith D. Powell, Carol L. Colby, Jacqueline Gottlieb, Makoto Kusunoki, and Michael E. Goldberg 5. Parietal Neurons Are Activated by Smooth Pursuit of Imaginary Targets 37 U. J. IIg, J. A. Rommel, and P. Thier 6. Properties of Saccades during Optokinetic Responses to Radial Optic Flow in Monkeys.................................................... 45 Markus Lappe, Martin Pekel, and Klaus-Peter Hoffmann 7. Erroneous Prosaccades in a Gap-Antisaccade-Task: Production, Correction, and Recognition ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Burkhart Fischer, Stefan Gezeck, and Annette Mokler 8. The Subjective Direction of Gaze Shifts Long before the Saccade . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Heiner Deubel, David E. Irwin, and Werner X. Schneider 9. Does Visual Background Information Influence Saccadic Adaptation? 71 J. Ditterich, T. Eggert, and A. Straube 10. Effects of Target Size and Brightness and Fixation Point Size on Human Visually-Guided Voluntary Saccades .............................. 81 Yoshinobu Ebisawa 11. Effects of Warning Signals on Saccadic Reaction Times and Event-Related Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A. Spantekow, P. Krappmann, S. Everling, and H. Flohr viii Contents 12. Adaptation to Visual Field Defects with Virtual Reality Scotoma in Healthy Subjects ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 W. H. Zangemeister and U. Oechsner 13. Saccadic Suppression and Adaptation: Revisiting the Methodology 93 M. R. MacAskill, S. R. Muir, and T. 1. Anderson 14. Modelling Prediction in Ocular Pursuit: The Importance of Short-Term Storage 97 G. R. Barnes and S. G. Wells 15. Parieto-Temporal Cortex Contributes to Velocity Storage Integration of Vestibular Information ......................................... 109 1. Ventre-Dominey, N. Nighoghossian, and A. Vighetto 16. Three-Dimensional Primate Eye Movements during Lateral Translation . . . . . . . 117 M. Quinn McHenry, Bernhard 1.M. Hess, and Dora E. Angelaki 17. Smooth Pursuit to a Movement Flow and Associated Perceptual Judgments 125 Vue Chen, Robert M. McPeek, James Intriligator, Philip S. Holzman, and Ken Nakayama 18. Reaction Times of Smooth Pursuit Initiation in Normal Subjects and in "Express-Saccade Makers" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 H. Kimmig, 1. Mutter, M. Biscaldi, B. Fischer, and T. Mergner 19. Active Reproduction of Passive Rotations and Contingent Eye Movements 133 I. Israel and I. Siegler 20. Static Vestibulo-Ocular Brainstem Syndromes: Three-Dimensional Modeling and Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 S. Glasauer, A. WeiB, M. Dieterich, and Th. Brandt 21. Proprioceptive Evoked Eye Movements ................................ 141 G. Schweigart, F. Botti, A. Lehmann, and T. Mergner 22. Pursuit-Dependent Distribution of Vergence among the Two Eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Casper 1. Erkelens 23. Coupled Perturbation Effects during 3D Target-Tracking Indicating a Shared Control Stage for Saccades and Vergence .......................... 153 1. A. M. Van Gisbergen and V. Chaturvedi 24. Listing's Plane Orientation with Vergence: Effect of Disparity and Accommodation .............................................. 165 Z. Kapoula, M. Bernotas, and T. Haslwanter 25. Intra- and Postsaccadic Disparity-Induced Vergence Changes during Repeated Stimulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 A. Accardo, S. Pensiero, and P. Perissutti Contents ix 26. Modelling Vergence Eye Movements Using Fuzzy Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 A. S. Eadie, P. Carlin, and L. S. Gray 27. The Variation of Cyclotorsion with Vergence and Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Jim Ivins, John Porrill, and John Frisby 28. Blinks and Associated Eye Movements ................................. 187 L.J. Bour, B.W. Ongerboer de Visser, M. Hettema, A. Swaneveld, and M. Aramideh 29. Opposing Resistance to the Head Movement Does Not Affect Space Perception during Head Rotations ......................................... 193 Jean Blouin, Nicolas Amade, Jean-Louis Vercher, and Gabriel Gauthier 30. Updating the Location of Visual Objects in Space following Vestibular Stimulation .................................................. 203 G. Nasios, A. Rumberger, C. Maurer, and T. Mergner 31. Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex: An fMRI Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 213 S. A. Brandt, T. Takahashi, J. B. Reppas, R. Wenzel, A. Villringer, A. M. Dale, and R. B. H. Tootell 32. Cortical Control of Sequences of Memory-Guided Saccades ................ 223 W. Heide, F. Binkofski, S. Posse, RJ. Seitz, D. Kompf, and H-J. Freund 33. Functional MRI of Double Step Saccades: The Role ofCingulate Cortex. . . . . . 235 R. M. Miiri, A. C. Nirkko, C. Ozdoba, P. Tobler, O. Heid, G. Schroth, and C. W. Hess 34. Object Recognition and Goal-Directed Eye or Hand Movements Are Coupled by Visual Attention ............................................ 241 Ingo Paprotta, Heiner Deubel, and Werner X. Schneider 35. Saccadic Inhibition in Complex Visual Tasks 249 Eyal M. Reingold and Dave M. Stampe 36. The Use of Coarse and Fine Peripheral Information during the Final Part of Fixations in Scene Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257 Martien Wampers and Paul M. J. van Diepen 37. Eye Movements during Free Search on a Homogenous Background 269 Ulrich Nies, Dieter Heller, Ralph Radach, and Birgit Bedenk 38. Is There Any Need for Eye-Movement Recordings during Reasoning? 279 W. Schroyens, W. Schaeken, W. Fias, and G. d'Ydewalie 39. A New Way of Looking at Auditory Linguistic Comprehension. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 287 Brooke Hallowell x Contents 40. Eye Movement-Based Memory Assessment ............................. 293 Robert Althoff, Neal 1. Cohen, George McConkie, Stanley Wasserman, Michael Maciukenas, Razia Azen, and Lorene Romine 41. Visual and Verbal Focus Patterns when Describing Pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 J. HolSanova, B. Hedberg, and N. Nilsson 42. Visual Attention towards Gestures in Conversation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Kenneth Holmqvist and Marianne Gullberg 43. Modelling Experiential and Task Effects on Attentional Processes in Symmetry Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 C. Latimer, W. Joung, R. van der Zwan, and H. Beh 44. Eye Movements while Viewing a Foreign Movie with Subtitles 313 Mariko Takeda 45. Difference of Shape Constancy in Upper and Lower Visual Fields 317 Takahiro Yamanoi, Kazuya Kubo, and Hiroshi Takayanagi 46. Occurrence and Function of Very Short Fixation Durations in Reading. . . . . . . . 321 Ralph Radach, Dieter Heller, and Albrecht Inhoff 47. The Planning of Successive Saccades in Letter Strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Cecile Beauvillain, Tania Dukic, and Dorine Vergilino 48. Eye Movements in Reading: Are Two Eyes Better Than One? .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 341 Dieter Heller and Ralph Radach 49. The Return Sweep in Reading ........................................ 349 Jorg Hofmeister, Dieter Heller, and Ralph Radach 50. Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects in Reading and Word Recognition ... . . . . . . . . .. 359 Alan Kennedy 51. Fixation Control and Antisaccades in Dyslexia ........................... 369 Monica Biscaldi, Stefan Gezeck, and Burkhart Fischer 52. Relationship between Visual Attention and Saccade Target Selection in Reading 375 Karine Dore and Cecile Beauvillain 53. Reading: Influence of Letter Size, Display Quality, and Anticipation. . . . . . . . .. 379 C. C. Krischer, 1. Zihl, and R. Meissen 54. Eye Movement Deficits in Cerebellar Disease 383 U. Buttner 55. Three-Dimensional Properties of Saccadic Eye Movements in Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 M. Fetter, D. Anastasopoulos, and T. Haslwanter
The list of books you might like
