CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2023 (Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment) PDF
Preview CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2023 (Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment)
a LANGE medical book 202 3 CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment S I X T Y - S E C O N D E D I T I O N Edited by Maxine A. Papadakis, MD Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Stephen J. McPhee, MD Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Division of General Internal Medicine Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Michael W. Rabow, MD Professor of Medicine and Urology Division of Palliative Medicine Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Associate Editor Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco With Contributing Authors New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 1 30/06/22 2:57 PM Copyright © 2023 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-26-468774-9 MHID: 1-26-468774-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-468734-3, MHID: 1-26-468734-6. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benet of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corpo- rate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us pages at www.mhprofessional.com. Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publica- tion. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information con- tained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. 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THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARAN- TEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw- Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Contents Authors v 13. Blood Disorders 500 Preface xiii Lloyd E. Damon, MD, & Dedication xvii Charalambos Babis Andreadis, MD, MSCE Year in Review: Key Clinical Updates in CMDT2023 14. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy 546 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion 1 Andrew D. Leavitt, MD, & Michael Pignone, MD, MPH, & René Salazar, MD Erika Leemann Price, MD, MPH 2. Common Symptoms 15 15. Gastrointestinal Disorders 579 Paul L. Nadler, MD, & Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD 3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management 42 16. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders 674 Hugo Q. Cheng, MD Lawrence S. Friedman, MD 4. Geriatric Disorders 52 17. Breast Disorders 737 Leah J. Witt, MD, Rossana Lau-Ng, MD, & G. Michael Harper, MD Armando E. Giuliano, MD, FACS, FRCSEd, & Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP 5. Palliative Care & Pain Management 69 Michael W. Rabow, MD, Steven Z. Pantilat, MD, 18. Gynecologic Disorders 763 Ann Cai Shah, MD, Lawrence Poree, MD, MPH, PhD, Jill Brown, MD, MPH, MHS, FACOG, & & Raj Mitra, MD Katerina Shvartsman, MD, FACOG 6. Dermatologic Disorders 101 19. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders 794 Kanade Shinkai, MD, PhD, & Lindy P. Fox, MD Vanessa L. Rogers, MD, & Scott W. Roberts, MD 7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids 168 20. Rheumatologic, Immunologic, Jacque L. Duncan, MD, Neeti B. Parikh, MD, & Gerami D. Seitzman, MD & Allergic Disorders 819 Rebecca L. Manno, MD, MHS, Jinoos Yazdany, MD, 8. Otolaryngology Disorders 204 MPH, Teresa K. Tarrant, MD, & Mildred Kwan, MD, PhD Elliott D. Kozin, MD, & Lawrence R. Lustig, MD 21. Electrolyte & AcidBase Disorders 875 9. Pulmonary Disorders 244 Nayan Arora, MD, & J. Ashley Jefferson, MD, FRCP Meghan E. Fitzpatrick, MD, Niall T. Prendergast, MD, & Belinda Rivera-Lebron, MD, MS, FCCP 22. Kidney Disease 903 10. Heart Disease 323 Tonja C. Dirkx, MD,& Tyler B. Woodell, MD, MCR Todd Kiefer, MD, Christopher B. Granger, MD, & 23. Urologic Disorders 943 Kevin P. Jackson, MD Mathew Sorensen, MD, MS, FACS, 11. Systemic Hypertension 442 Thomas J. Walsh, MD, MS, & Brian J. Jordan, MD Michael Sutters, MD, MRCP (UK) 24. Nervous System Disorders 970 12. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders 473 Vanja C. Douglas, MD, & Warren J. Gasper, MD, James C. Iannuzzi, MD, MPH, Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP & Meshell D. Johnson, MD iii CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 3 30/06/22 2:57 PM iv CMDT 2023 CONTENTS 25. Psychiatric Disorders 1046 39. Cancer 1594 Kristin S. Raj, MD, Nolan R. Williams, MD, & Sunny Wang, MD, Tiffany O. Dea, PharmD, BCOP, Charles DeBattista, DMH, MD Lawrence S. Friedman, MD, Carling Ursem, MD, Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD, & Marc A. Dall’Era, MD 26. Endocrine Disorders 1099 40. Genetic & Genomic Disorders 1658 Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD Reed E. Pyeritz, MD, PhD 27. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia 1195 41. Orthopedic Disorders & Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP (UK) Sports Medicine 1675 28. Lipid Disorders 1239 Anthony Luke, MD, MPH, & C. Benjamin Ma, MD Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH 42. Sexual & Gender Minority Health 1709 29. Nutritional Disorders & Obesity 1250 Patricia A. Robertson, MD, Nicole Rosendale, MD, Kevin L. Ard, MD, MPH, Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, Katherine H. Saunders, MD, & Mitzi Hawkins, MD, MAS, & Madeline B. Deutsch, Leon I. Igel, MD, FACP, FTOS MD, MPH 30. Common Problems in Infectious The following chapters are available online Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy 1270 without subscription at www.accessmedicine. Monica Fung, MD, MPH, Peter V. Chin-Hong, MD, com/CMDT B. Joseph Guglielmo, PharmD, & Katherine Gruenberg, PharmD e1. AntiInfective Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents Online* 31. HIV Infection & AIDS 1311 Katherine Gruenberg, PharmD, & Monica Gandhi, MD, Matthew A. Spinelli, MD, MAS, B. Joseph Guglielmo, PharmD & Mitchell H. Katz, MD e2. Diagnostic Testing & Medical 32. Viral & Rickettsial Infections 1353 Decision Making Online* Christine Akamine, MD, Eva Clark, MD, PhD, Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD & Wayne X. Shandera, MD e3. Information Technology in 33. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections 1440 Patient Care Online* Bryn A. Boslett, MD, & Rachel Bystritsky, MD Russ Cucina, MD, MS e4. Integrative Medicine Online* 34. Spirochetal Infections 1480 Darshan Mehta, MD, MPH Susan S. Philip, MD, MPH e5. Podiatric Disorders Online* 35. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections 1496 Monara Dini, DPM, & Charles B. Parks, DPM Philip J. Rosenthal, MD e6. Women’s Health Issues Online* 36. Mycotic Infections 1534 Brigid M. Dolan, MD, MEd, & Judith Walsh, MD, MPH Stacey R. Rose, MD, FACP, FIDSA, & Richard J. Hamill, MD e7. Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & 37. Disorders Related to Environmental Commonly Used Blood Specimen Emergencies 1548 Collection Tubes Online* Jacqueline A. Nemer, MD, FACEP, & Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD Marianne A. Juarez, MD Index 1731 38. Poisoning 1564 Craig Smollin, MD CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 4 30/06/22 2:57 PM Authors Christine Akamine, MD Bryn A. Boslett, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Infectious Associate Clinical Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine, Houston, Texas California, San Francisco [email protected] [email protected] Viral & Rickettsial Infections Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP Jill Brown, MD, MPH, MHS, FACOG Distinguished Professor and Endowed Chair in Medical Officer, Contraceptive Development Program, Parkinson’s Disease Research, Department of National Institute of Child Health and Human Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Development, Bethesda, Maryland Attending Physician, University of California Medical [email protected] Center, San Francisco Gynecologic Disorders [email protected] Nervous System Disorders Rachel Bystritsky, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Charalambos Babis Andreadis, MD, MSCE Department of Medicine, University of California, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Hematology/ San Francisco Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of [email protected] California, San Francisco Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections [email protected] Blood Disorders Hugo Q. Cheng, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, Division of Hospital Kevin L. Ard, MD, MPH Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Faculty, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts California, San Francisco General Hospital; Medical Director, National [email protected] LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center, Fenway Institute; Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Peter V. ChinHong, MD [email protected] Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Sexual & Gender Minority Health Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Nayan Arora, MD [email protected] Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology, Department Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Antimicrobial Therapy Washington [email protected] Eva Clark, MD, PhD Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Pediatrics David M. Barbour, PharmD, BCPS (Section of Tropical Medicine), Baylor College of Pharmacist, Denver, Colorado Medicine, Houston, Texas [email protected] [email protected] Drug References Viral & Rickettsial Infections Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Russ Cucina, MD, MS Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Professor of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Medicine; Director of Clinical Research, Vice President, Genetic and Genomic Services and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Chief Health Information Officer, UCSF Health Disease; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, System; University of California, San Francisco Baltimore, Maryland [email protected] [email protected] CMDT Online—Information Technology in Patient Care Lipid Disorders Rand Dadasovich, MD, MS Clinical Education Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco References v CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 5 30/06/22 2:57 PM vi CMDT 2023 AUTHORS Marc A. Dall’Era, MD Brigid M. Dolan, MD, MEd Professor of Urology, Department of Urology, UC Davis Associate Professor of Medicine and Medical Education, Health, University of California, Davis Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of [email protected] Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Genitourinary Cancers (in Chapter 39) Medicine [email protected] Lloyd E. Damon, MD CMDT Online—Women’s Health Issues Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Department of Medicine; Director of Vanja C. Douglas, MD Quality for the Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Sara & Evan Williams Foundation Endowed Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Neurohospitalist Chair, Professor of Clinical University of California, San Francisco Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of [email protected] California, San Francisco Blood Disorders [email protected] Nervous System Disorders Tiffany O. Dea, PharmD, BCOP Oncology Pharmacist, Veterans Affairs Health Care Jacque L. Duncan, MD System, San Francisco, California; Adjunct Professor, Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology, Department of Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco Sciences, Stockton, California [email protected] [email protected] Disorders of the Eyes & Lids Cancer Neela Easwar, MD Charles DeBattista, DMH, MD Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; References Director, Depression Clinic and Research Program; Sarah Adler Fink, RD, CDN, CNSC Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Senior Clinical Dietitian, Department of Food and California Nutrition, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill [email protected] Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York Psychiatric Disorders [email protected] Nutritional Support (in Chapter 29) Madeline B. Deutsch, MD, MPH Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Family & Community Medicine, Department of Family & Community Clinical Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medicine; Medical Director, UCSF Gender Affirming Department of Medicine, University of California, Health Program, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco [email protected] [email protected] Sexual & Gender Minority Health Endocrine Disorders Chukwuka A. Didigu, MD, PhD Meghan E. Fitzpatrick, MD Clinical Fellow, Division of Hematology & Medical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, California, San Francisco University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, References Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [email protected] Monara Dini, DPM Pulmonary Disorders Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedics, Department Lindy P. Fox, MD of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco Professor of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, [email protected] University of California, San Francisco CMDT Online—Podiatric Disorders [email protected] Dermatologic Disorders; Callosities & Corns of Feet or Toes Tonja C. Dirkx, MD (CMDT Online—Podiatric Disorders) Chief, Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System; Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon [email protected] Kidney Disease CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 6 30/06/22 2:57 PM AUTHORS CMDT 2023 vii Lawrence S. Friedman, MD Katherine Gruenberg, PharmD Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Professor Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, California, San Francisco Boston, Massachusetts; The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, [email protected] Department of Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Newton, Massachusetts; Assistant Chief of Medicine, Therapy; CMDT Online—Anti-Infective Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents [email protected] Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders; Hepatobiliary B. Joseph Guglielmo, PharmD Cancers (in Chapter 39) Professor and Dean Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco Monica Fung, MD, MPH [email protected] Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Department of Medicine, University of California, San Therapy; CMDT Online—Anti-Infective Francisco Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents [email protected] Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Richard J. Hamill, MD Antimicrobial Therapy Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology & Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Professor, Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Texas; Staff Physician, Infectious Diseases Section, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center University of California, San Francisco [email protected] [email protected] Mycotic Infections HIV Infection & AIDS G. Michael Harper, MD Warren J. Gasper, MD Professor, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery, Division of University of California, San Francisco School of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medicine; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care Surgery, University of California, San Francisco System, San Francisco, California [email protected] [email protected] Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders Geriatric Disorders Armando E. Giuliano, MD, FACS, FRCSEd Mitzi Hawkins, MD, MAS Professor of Surgery, Linda and Jim Lippman Chair in Assistant Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Surgical Oncology; Director, Surgical Oncology; Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Associate Director, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Center, San Francisco; Chief, Division of Gynecology, San Los Angeles, California Francisco Veteran Affairs Health System [email protected] [email protected] Breast Disorders Sexual & Gender Minority Health Ralph Gonzales, MD, MSPH Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Professor of Medicine; Division of Hematology/ Medicine, Department of Medicine; Associate Dean, Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Director, Clinical Innovation and Chief Innovation Officer, Breast Oncology Program, University of California, UCSF Health; University of California, San Francisco Los Angeles [email protected] [email protected] Common Symptoms Breast Disorders Matthew Gorgone, DO, FACP James C. Iannuzzi, MD, MPH Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow, Department of Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, References University of California, San Francisco [email protected] Christopher B. Granger, MD Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; Director, Cardiac Care Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina [email protected] Heart Disease CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 7 30/06/22 2:57 PM viii CMDT 2023 AUTHORS Leon I. Igel, MD, FACP, FTOS Mitchell H. Katz, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of President and Chief Executive Officer of NYC Health + Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department Hospitals, New York, New York of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, [email protected] New York HIV Infection & AIDS [email protected] Todd Kiefer, MD Nutritional Disorders & Obesity Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kevin P. Jackson, MD Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, North Carolina Department of Medicine; Director of [email protected] Electrophysiology, Duke Raleigh Hospital, Duke Heart Disease University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Whitney Kleinmann, MD [email protected] Heart Disease Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas J. Ashley Jefferson, MD, FRCP References Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Elliott D. Kozin, MD Department of Medicine; Section Head, Nephrology, Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Washington Massachusetts; Physician and Surgeon, Massachusetts [email protected] Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders [email protected] Jane Jih, MD, MPH, MAS Otolaryngology Disorders Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Mildred Kwan, MD, PhD Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of University of California, San Francisco Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of References Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Meshell D. Johnson, MD Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina [email protected] Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Allergic & Immunologic Disorders (in Chapter 20) Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System; Associate Chair Rossana LauNg, MD for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Department of Assistant Professor, Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, [email protected] Boston, Massachusetts Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorder [email protected] (Alcoholism) (in Chapter 25) Geriatric Disorders Brian J. Jordan, MD Andrew D. Leavitt, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, University of Professor, Departments of Medicine (Hematology) and Washington, Seattle Laboratory Medicine; Medical Director, UCSF Adult [email protected] Hemophilia Treatment Center, University of California, Urologic Disorders San Francisco [email protected] Marianne A. Juarez, MD Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Therapy Medicine, University of California, San Francisco [email protected] Chuanyi Mark Lu, MD Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Sakeen Kashem, MD, PhD Chief, Lab Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Health Resident, Department of Dermatology, University of Care System, San Francisco, California California, San Francisco [email protected] References Selected Pharmacogenetic Tests: Clinical Relevance (in Chapter 40); CMDT Online—Diagnostic Testing & Medical Decision Making; CMDT Online—Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Laboratory Reference Intervals, & Commonly Used Blood Specimen Collection Tubes CMDT2023_FM_pi-xx.indd 8 30/06/22 2:57 PM
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