CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2017

1736 Pages·2017·113.81 MB·English

by  Maxine A. Papadakis, Stephen J. McPhee, Michael W. Rabow

PLACEHOLDER FORM ARKETING PAGE
Thipsa gien tentiloenbftal lalnyk
aL ANGmEe dicbaolo k
2017
CURRENT
MedicaDli agnosis
& Treatment
FIFTY-SIXTH EDITION
Editbeyd
MaxinAe.P apadakMiDs ,
PreosfsooMfr e dicine
AssoDceiaoanSftt eeu ndts
SchooMfo eld icine
Uinveyor Cfsa iiolftrnSiaFanrn, acs ico
StephJe.nM cPheMe,D
PorefssooMfr ei dnc,eiE meritus
DiivsoiGfoe nn eItrnenaralMl e dicine
DeparotMfm eednitc ine
UinvietoryCfs a iolfrnSiaFanr, as nccoi
AssociEadtiet or
MichaWe.lR abowM,D
PreosfsooMfr e diacniUdonr lego y
DivioGsfe inoenItr nreanlMa eld icine
DeparotMfm eednitc ine
Uinveyor Cfsa iiolftrnSiaFanr, as nccoi
WitAhs sociAautteh ors
NeYwor kC hiacgoS aFnrn acciosA tehnsLn odon MaxdirCciyiod t Me
MilNaenDw e hliS ipnogera SyndeyT oronto
Copyri©g h2t01b7y M cGraw-HiEldlu catiAolnlr. i ghrtess ervEexdc.e patsp ermitutnedde trh eU niteSdt atCeosp yrigAhctto f1 97n6o,
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Contents
Authors 14.D isordoefrH se mostaTshirso,m bosis,
v
Preface xiii & AntithromTbhoetriacp y 546
AndreDw.L eaviMtDt,,& TracMyi nichiMeDl lo,
1.D iseaPsree vent&i Hoena lth Promo1t ion
MichaPeilg noMnDe, M PH,& ReneS alazMaDr , 15.G astrointeDsitsionradle rs 578
KennetRh.M cQuaiMdD,
2.C ommonS ymptoms 19
PaulLN.a dleMrD,,& RalpGho nzalMeDs,,M SPH 16.L iveBri,l iTarrayc &t P,a ncreas
Disorders 674
3.P reoperaEtviavleu at&i Poenr ioperative
LawrencSe.F riedmaMnD,
Management 45
HugoQ .C hengM,D 17.B reaDsits orders 734
ArmandEo.G iuliaMnDo,,& SarAa. H urviMtDz ,
4.G eriatDriisco rders 55
G.M ichaHealr peMr,D ,C. BreJeo hnstMoDn,,M PH, 18.G ynecoloDgiisco rders 762
& C.S etLha ndefeMlDd ,
JasoWno o,M D,M PH,F ACOG,
& AlicY.i Aar mstroMnDg,,M HSCR
5.P alliaCtairv&ee P aiMna nagement 72
MichaW.e lR abowM,D ,& SteveZ.n P antilMaDt , 19.O bstet&r iOcbss tetDriisco rders 797
VanesLs.aR ogerMsD,, & KeviC.n W orleMyD,
6.D ermatolDoigsico rders 95
KanodSeh inkMaDi,,P hD&,L indP.y F oxM,D 20.R heumatoloIgmimcu,n ologic,
& AllerDgiisco rders 826
7.D isordoefrt sh eE ye&s L ids 164
DaviBd.H ellmanMnD,,M ACP,
PauRli ordan-FERvCaO,p hth & JohnB .I mbodeJnr M.D,
8.E arN,o se&,T hroaDti sorders 200 21.E lectro&l Ayctied -BDaisseo rders8 84
LawrencRe.L ustiMgD,,& JoshuSa.S chindMlDe r, KerrC.y C hoM,D
9.P ulmonaDriys orders 241 22.K idneDyi sease 913
MarkS.C hesnuMtDt,,& ThomaJs.P rendergMaDs t, SuzannWea tnicMkD,,& TonjC.a D irkMxD,
10.H earDti sease 322 23.U rologDiics orders 953
ThomaMs. B ashorMeD,,C hristoB.p hGerra ngeMrD,, MaxwelV.l M engM,D ,F ACS,
KeviP.n J acksoMnD,,& ManesRh. P ateMlD, ThomaJs. W alsMhD,, M S,& ThomaDs. C hiM,D
11.S ystemHiypce rtension 439 24.N ervoSuyss teDmi sorders 977
MichaSeult teMrDs,,M RCP( UK) MichaJe.lA minofMf,D ,D ScF,R CP,
& VanjC.a D ouglaMsD,
12.B looVde ss&e lL ymphatDiics order4s7 2
25.P sychiaDtirsiocr ders 1050
ChristoDp.hO ewre nsM,D ,M Sc,
WarreJn.G aspeMrD,, & MesheDl.lJ ohnsoMnD, NolaWni lliaMmDs,,
& CharlDeesB attiDsMtHa,,M D
13.B looDdi sorders 499
26.E ndocrDiinseo rders 1108
LloyEd.D amonM,D ,
& CharalamBbaobsi Asn dr eaids M,D ,M SCE PauAl. F itzgerMaDl d,
iii
iv CMDT2071 CONTENTS
27.D iabetMeesl li&t Huys poglycemi1a2 10 40.I nheriDtiesdo rders 1676
UmeshM asharaMnBi,,B S,M RCP(UK) ReedE .P yeriMtDz,,P hD
28.L ipiDdi sorders 1259 41.S porMtesd ici&n Oeu tpatient
Orthopedics 1685
RoberBt.B aronM,D ,M S
AnthoLnuyk eM,D ,M PH,& C.B enjamMian, M D
29.N utritiDoinsaolr ders 1268
e1.A nti-InfCehcetmiovteh erapeutic
RoberBt.B aronM,D ,M S & AntibiAogteinct s Online*
B.J osepGhu glielPmhoa,r mD
30.C ommonP robleimnIs n fectious
Diseas&e Asn timicrTohbeiraalp y 1287
e2.F undamentoafHl usm an
PeteVr.C hin-HoMnDg,, Geneti&c Gse nomics Online*
& B.J osepGhu glielmPoh,a rmD
ReedE .P yeriMtDz,,P hD
31.H IVInfect&iAoInDS 1330
e3.D iagnosTteisct i&n Mge dical
MitchHe.lK la tzM,D DecisiMoank ing Online*
C. Diana NiMcDo,Pll h,D M,P A,
32.V ir&a Rli ckettIsnifaelc tions 1363
& ChuanMyair Lku ,M D
WaynXe .S handerMaD,,
& NatalJi.Me . DaiGlaernye sM,D ,M PH e4.I nformaTteicohnn oliong y
PatieCnatr e Online*
33.B acter&i Cahll amydlinaflection1s4 41 RusCsu cinMaD,, M S
BriaSn.S chwarMtDz ,
e5.I ntegraMteidviec ine Online*
34.S pirochIentfaelc tions 1488 KeviBna rrowMsD,,& Sanj aRye ddyM,D
SusaSn.P hilMiDp,,M PH
e6.P odiatDriisco rders Online*
35.P rotoz&o Haell mintIhnifce ction1s5 07 MonarDoi nDiP,M ,& NinaB abuD,P M
PhilJi.Rp o senthMaDl ,
e7.W omen'Hse alth Issues Online*
36.M ycotIincf ections 1547 MeganM cNamarMa,D ,M Sc,
& JuditWha lsMhD,, M PH
SamueAl. ShelbIurnlMelD,,, P hD,
& RichaJr.Hd a milMlD, e8.L esbi&a Bni sexual
Women'Hse alth Online*
37.D isordReerlsa tteodE nvironmental
JunoO bedin-MalMiDv,eM rP,H ,
Emergencies 1561
& PatriAc.iR ao bertsMoDn ,
JacquelAi.Nn eem erM,D ,F ACEP,
& MelisC.s Cal arMkD, e9.T ransgenHdeearl t&h D isease
Prevention Online*
38.P oisoning 1577
MadeliBn.eD eutscMhD,,M PH
KenRt. O lsoMnD,
e10.A ppendTihxe:r apeuDtriucgM onitoring,
39.C ancer 1607 LaboratRoerfye reInnctee rv&a ls,
PharmacogeTneesttiicn g Online*
PatriAc.iC ao rnetMtD,,
& Tiffa0n.Dy e aP,h armD C. DianNai coMlDl,,P hDM,P A,
& ChuanMyair Lku ,M D
Index 1719
*Fraecec teoosn sl cihnaep attwwe wrs. acceiscnsiem.ecdmodmt/ c
Authors
N.F rankAldikni nsJornM.,D, KeviBna rrowMsD,
PreosfsoMre doifc JionheHn,os p kAisntsh &m Aal lergyC linPirceoasfls oFra moiafln yd CommMuendiitcyi ne,
CentBealrt,i mMoarrey,l and DireocfMt ionrd fuPlrnoegsrsOa shmesCr,en teforr
[email protected] IntegMreatdiivcDeie npreat;m eonfFt a mialnyd
Alglie&cr I mmunloogDiicsd oer(risCn h ap2t0e)r CommunMietdyi cUinniev,e orfCs ailtyi fornia,
SaFnr ancisco
DianAal baM,D [email protected]
FellDoiwv,i osfiE onnd oicnrolaongMdye tbaolism, CMDTO nlei-nItnegtriMaveed icine
UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaanc,co i s
Rfeerences ThomaMs. B ashorMeD,
ProfeosfMs eodri cSinenieoV;ri cCeh i,De ifviosfi on
MichaJe.Al m inoffM,D ,D ScF,R CP CardgiyoD,lu oke UniMveedrisCcieatnlyt D eurr,h am,
DistingPurieossfhsaeondrEd x ecuVtiicCvehe a ir, NorCtahr olina
DepartmoefNn etu rgoylU,on iveorfCs iatloyir fnia, thomaassh.obre.@edudu ke
SaFnr anccoAi;ts tenPdhiynsgi Ucniiavne,or fs ity HeaDrits ease
CalifMoerdniiCcaea nlt SearFn,r ancisco
[email protected]. ed BrooCka ltoMnD,,M HS
NervoSusyst eDmi sdoerrs Assistaensts oCPrlr ioonffMi ecdailc Diinvei,os fi on
GeriiacDtser,pr atmeonfMt e dicUinniev,e orfs ity
CharalamBbaobsi Asn dr eaids M,D ,M SCE CalifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
AsscoiaPtreeo sfsoCrl ionfMi ecdailc Diinvei,os fi on Rfeerences
Hemato/lOnocgoyyl,Uo ngiveorfCs ailtyi fornia,
SaFnr ancisco AmyD .C henM,D
Charaolsan.mdAbreadsief.sd@uu c ClinIincsatlr DuicvtioosrfiH,o o ns pMietdailc ine,
BloDoidsd oerrs UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
Rfeerences
AlicYi.Aa r mstroMnDg,,M HSCR
MediOcfaiflc eCron,t reapctDiivsec oavnedr y HugoQ .C hengM,D
DevelopBmreannEtcu hn,iK ceen neSdhyr iver ClinPirceoasfls oMre doifc Uinniev,e orfCs iatlyi fornia,
NatioInnasltf iotCruh tieHl eda latnhHd u man SaFnr ancisco
DevelopNmaetnitoI,nn aslt iftourt eHse alth, [email protected]
RockvMialrlyel,a nd PrpeeoraEtvliauvae t& Pieorni opMearnaeatmgievnet
[email protected]
GynelcoogDiicsd oerrs MarkS.C hesnuMtDt ,
ClinPircoafle Psuslomro,n& a Crryi tCiacrMaeel d icine,
NinBaa buD,P M DottIenrt erveInntsitoiOntraueltg Heoe,na l&t h
AssisCtlainnPtir coafle Dsepsaorrt,m ent ScieUnncievi etPryso,r tlOarnedg,Do inr;e cCtroirt,i cal
ofO rthopSauerdg,iUe cnr iyveorfCs ailtyi fornia,C arPeo,r tVleatnedr AfaafnisHr esa lCtahrS ey stem
SaFnr ancisco [email protected]
CMDTO nlei-nPodiDaitsdroeirrcs PulmyoD niasdroerrs
David BMa.r bouPrh,a rmDB,C PS ThomaDs. C hiM,D
PharmaDceivnseCtro,,l orado AssistantD epParrtomfeeosnfUst ro ogrly,oU, n iversity of
dbarbour9l9.@cgomma i CalifSoarFnnr iaanc,co i s
DruRgfee rences [email protected]
UrloogDiicsd oerrs
RoberBt.B aroMnD,, M S
PreosfsoofMr e dicAisnsceoi;aD teaenf oGrr aduate Paentde Vr.C hin-HoMnDg ,
ContinMueidniEgcd aulc aVtiicoCenh ;i,D e ifviosfi onP rofeDsisvoiros,fiI o nnf ecDtiisoeuaDsse aeprst,m oefn t
GenelIr nateMrendailc Uinniev,e orfCs ailtyi forniaM,e dicUinniev,e orfCs iatlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
SaFnr ancisco [email protected] d
[email protected] CommPornbo leimInsn e fctDiiosues&a Asneitsmi ocirbal
LipDiidsd oerrNsur;tii otnDailsd oerrs Theprya
v
vi CMDT2071 AUTHORS
KerrCy.C hoM,D CharlDeesB attiDsMtHa,M, D
AsscoiaCtlei nPirceoasfls oMre doifcD iinvei,os fi on ProfeosfPs soyrc hainaBdteh rvayi oSrcaile nDcierse,c tor:
NephrgoyUl,n oiveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco DepresCsliioannni Rdce srecaPhr ogrDaimr eocft or
ker.hrcoy@ucsuf. ed MediSctauld Eednutc aitnPi soync h,iS taatnrfyord
Elterco&l Ayctied -DBiasdsoeerr s UniveSrcshiotooyfM l e dicSitnaen,fC oarldi,f ornia
debattisotreadud@. stanf
PeliCni naMrD,, M S PsyicahtDriisdcoe rrs
ClinAiscsailsP traeonsftso ofr MediOcnicnoeyl ,oi gn
UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr niaca isDcior;e ocft or MadeliBn.De e utscMhD,
Quality ImpUrCoSHvFee lmDeeinnl tFl,ae mri ly AssistanPtr oCfleiCsnlsiiocnrai,lc alC enDtierorfe ctor,
ComprehveeCn asnicCeenrt er ExcelfloeTrnr caen sgHeenadleDtreh pr,at meonft
[email protected] Fami&l Cyo mmunMietdyi cUinniev,e rsity of
AlimaerTynr ctaCta nc(eiCrnhs a p3t9e)r CalifSoarFnnr iaanc,co i s
[email protected]
MelisCs.Ca l arMkD, CMDTO nliTnrneas-ngdeHeera &l Dtihs eParseev ention
AssisCtlainnPtir coafle Dsepsaorrt,m oefEn mte rgency
MedicUinniev,e orfCs ailtiy fSoarFnnr iaan,c iscoM,o narDai nDiP,M
SaFnr ancGiesencroHa ols pital AssistanPtr oCfleiCsnhsiioocerfaPf, lo diaSturrigce ry
[email protected] d DivisDieoprnat,m eonfOt r thopSeudrig,ce ry
DisdoerRresl attEoe ndvo inrmaeElnm tegernsc ie UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
[email protected]
PatriAc.Ci oar neMtDt , CMDTO nl-iPnoediDaitsdroeirrcs
PreosfsoMre doifc Uinniev,e orfsC iatloyir fnia,
SaFnr anccoCi;hs i,He efmato/lOnocgoyyl,o g TonjCa.D irkMxD,
SaFnr ancViestceorA afafnisHr esa lCtahrS ey stem, AsscoiaPtreeo sfsoofMr e dicDiinvei,os fiN oenp hrgoyl, o
SaFnr ancCiaslciof,o rnia DeaprtmoefMn etd icOirneeg,Ho ena latnhSd ic ences
[email protected] UniverPsoirttylO,ar nedg,Ro enn;a l DCilriencitco r,
Cancer PortVleatnedrA faafnisHr esa lCtahrS ey stem
dir@koxhtseuud.
RusCsu cinMaD,,M S KidnDeiys ease
AsscoiaPtreeo sfsoHro sopfMi etdailc CihnieHe;ef a lth
InformOaftificoeUnrC ,SH Fe alStyhs tUenmi;v ersiVtayn jCa.D ouglaMsD,
ofC alifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco Sar&aE van WiFloluinadmaEstn idoonw ed
rucsusc.@iuncaesudf. NeurohosCphiatAiasrls,cioi saPttr eeo sfsoCrl ionfi cal
CMDTO nliInnoefr-maTtecihonngo yil no NeurgoylD,oe pratmeonfNt e urgoylU,on iveorfs ity
PaiteCnatr e CalifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
[email protected]
NatalJi.Me . D ailGeayr neMsD,,M PH NervoSuytsse Dmi sdoerrs
ClinPiocsactltd ooFreall,lD oiwviosfiPo end iatric
InefctiDoiusse aDsepearst,m eonfPt e diaatnrdi cs PauAl. F itzgerMaDl d,
MedicBianyelC,ool rl eogfMe e dicine, ClinPirceoasfls oMre doifc Diepnaer,t moefMn etd icine,
HoustToenx,a s DiviosfiE onndc oringoyU,ln oiveorfCs aitlyi fornia,
[email protected] d SaFnr ancisco
Vria&l R ickeItnetfcstiiaoln s [email protected] ed
EndocDriisdnoeerr s
LloyEd.D amonM,D
PreosfsoCrl ionfMi ecdailc Dienaper,t moefMn etd icineL,in dPy.F oxM,D
DiviosfiH oenm atology/DOinrceooclfAto doguryl ;t AsscoiaPtreo feDsepsaorrt,m oefDn etr mtaoglyo,
HematoMlaolgiigcn aannBcdli oeaosnd d Marrow UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
TransplaDnetpauCtthiyio oenftf, h Dei viosfi on [email protected]
HematoalnoMdge yd iOcnaclo yl,Uo ngiveorfs ity DermoalotDgiisdcoe rrs
CalifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
[email protected] LawrenSc.Fe r iedmMaDn ,
BloDoidsd oerrs ProfeosfMs eodri cHianrev,Ma erdd iSccahlo Porleo;sf sor
of MedTiucfiUtnnsei ,v eSrhcsoiotolyfM edicine,
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WarreJn.G aspeMrD, DaviBd.H ellmanMnD,,M ACP
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Surg,Ue nriyveorfCs iatlyi fornia, JohHnosp kBinayvsi Meewd iCceanlt Jeorh,Hn osp kins
SaFnr ancisco UniveSrcshiotooyfMl e dicBialntei,m Moarrey,l and
[email protected] d [email protected]
BloVoesds &e Llym phiaDcti sdoerrs RheuomlaotIgmmiuc,nl oog&i Acl,gl ieDcri sdoerrs
ArmandEo.G iuliaMnDo,F, A CSF,R CSEd SarAa. H urviMtDz ,
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LoAsn geesCl,a lifornia InteMrendailc Uinniev,e orfCs ailotiryf nLioaAs,n geles
armando.gcisuholsri.ga no@ [email protected] dcl
BreDaissdtoe rrs BreDaissdtoe rrs
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OfifceUrC,SH Fe alPtrheo;sf soMre doifc Diinvei,s ionP reosfsoMre doifc Uinniev,e orfCs ailtiy fornia,
ofG enelIr nateMrendailc Diepnaer,t moefMn etd icineS,a Fnr anccoCi;hs i,De ifviosfiRo hne umagtyo,l o
UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco SaFnr ancGiesnceloHr oaspital
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CommoSny mtpoms RheuomlaotIgmmiuc,nl oog&i Acl,gl ieDcri sdoerrs
ChristoBp.hGe rra ngeMrD, KeviPn.J acksoMnD,
PreosfsoofMr e dicDiinree;cC taorrdC,iar aeUc n iDtu,k e AssisPtraeonsfts oMre doifc Diinree,oc ft or
UniveMresdiitCcyea nlt Deurk,Ce l inRiecsarelca h ElectrogpyhD,yu skRieao lleoHiogshp iDtuakle,
InstituteN,o rDCtuahrr hoalmi,n a UniveMresdiitCcyea nlt er, NDourrCthahar mo,l ina
[email protected] ger [email protected]
HeaDrits ease HeaDrits ease
B.J osepGhu glielPmhoa,r mD JanJei hM,D ,M PH,M AS
PreosfsaonrDd e na,S chooofPl h arcmyUa,n iveorfs ityA ssistaensts oMPrer dooiffc Diinvei,os fiGo enn elr a
CalifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco InteMrendailc Dienaper,t moefMn etd icUinniev,e rsity
[email protected] ofC alifSoarFnnr iaan,c isco
CommoPnr boleimInsn e fctDiiosues&a Asneitsm icrobjinaaejil.h @ucsf.edu
ThreapCyM;D TO nilen-Anntefic-tIive Rfeerences
Chemhoetpreaiu&ct AinbtiiAcog tnets
MesheDl.lJ ohnsoMnD,
ElaLn.G utermaMnD, AsscoiaPtreeo sfsoofMr e dicDiinvei,os fiP ounl monary
NeuroRleosgiyd Deenprtat,m eonfNt e urgoylU,on iversiatnyCd r itCiacrMaeel d icDienpreat,m eonfMt e dicine,
ofC alifSoarFnnri aan,cc oi s UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaanc,co i s
Rfeerences [email protected] cd
BloVoesds &e Llym phiaDcti sdoerrAscl;o hUosDlei sorder
RichaJr.Hd a milMlD, (Alcoho(liCinhs amp)2t5 e)r
ProfeDsisvoiros,fiI onenfc tiDoiusse aDsepaerst,m eonft s
MedicainnMdeo lecVuilraorl& o Mgiyc rogbyi,o loC.B reJeo hnstMoDn,,M PH
BaylCoorl loefMg eed icHionues,tT oenx,a s MediDciarle ocftP aolrl iaantSdiu vpep orCtairvee,
rhamiclml.@ueb d PeacelHtShetJ a.o seMpehd iCceanlt Beelrl,i ngham,
MycoItniefcc tions WashinCgltionnPi;rc eoasflso ofMr e dicUinniev,e rsity
ofW ashington
G.M ichaHealr peMrD, [email protected]
ProfeDsisvoiros,fiG oenr iaDtepriarctsm,eo nfMt e dicinGee,r riiDacit sdoerrs
UniveorfCs aitlyi fSoarFnnr iaan cSihcsocooolf
MedicSianFner ;a ncViestceorA afafnisHr esa lCtahr e MitchHe.lK la tzM,D
SystSeamFn,r anccoi,s California ClinPirceoasfls oMre doifcE ipnied,e mi&o logy
[email protected] BisotatiUsntiivceosrf,Cs iatloyir fnSiaaFn,r anccoi;s
GerriiDacit sdoerrs DireocftH oearl Strehiv ceLsoA,sn geCloeusn ty
[email protected]
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