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LAW AND NEUROSCIENCE CURRENT LEGAL ISSUES 2010 VOLUME 13 CURRENT LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Editor-in-Chief michael d.a. freeman EditorialBoard sirjohnbaker n.lacey e.barendt a.lesueur i.h.dennis a.d.e.lewis d.galligan e.mckendrick damehazelgenn r.mokal sirbobhepple r.w.rideout j.hodder p.sands j.jowell lordsteyn lordwoolfofbarnes Law and Neuroscience Current Legal Issues 2010 VOLUME 13 Edited by MICHAEL FREEMAN F.B.A. Professorof English Law University College London 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #OxfordUniversityPress,2011 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2011 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010941774 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby CPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–959984–4 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Preface The essays in this volume are the product of UCL’s 13th international inter- disciplinary colloquium held in July 2009. We had previously held a conference on this subject in February 2008, which has been published as Law, Mind and Brain,editedbymyselfandOliverGoodenough(Farnham,Ashgate,2009). Neuroscienceoffersmanychallengestothelawyer,andthesearetakenupinthis volume.Boththevalueandlimitsofneurosciencetothedisciplineandpracticeof lawareexplored,andthereis,appropriately,anoteofhealthyscepticism.Thebook bringstogethermanyoftheleadingthinkersontheinterdisciplineandthusoffers a source for jurists, neuroscientists, practising lawyers (particularly those in the criminallaw),andpolicy-makers.Therangeofsubjectscoverediswide.Thereare severalpapersonneuroimaging,in particular in relationtocriminalresponsibility andinrelationtoevidence.Therearepapersonjuvenilejustice,ontort,inparticular on emotional harm. There are papers also on end-of-life decisions, for example on thePVScondition.Anddecisionsonthebeginningoflifearealsoconsidered.There isdiscussionofreligion,oftherighttosilence,andhowjurorsprocessinformation. Papers consider such questions as empathy, and on conflicts between our moral intuitionsandlegaldoctrine.Papersalsoofferhistoricalinsights. This colloquium and volume could not have been put together without the assistance of Professor Semir Zeki, Professor of Neuroesthetics at UCL. He also gave a public lecture at the colloquium, which unfortunately we are not able to include in this volume. As ever Lisa Penfold provided amazing support, as did JacquiBennettandDeborahBurns.Iamgratefultoallofthesepeople. It is with some irony that I record that as the volume was going to press I was diagnosedwithaneurologicaldisease—Parkinson’s.Thiswillnotstopmeproduc- ing further colloquia and volumes in the series. The 2010 one is on ‘Law and Childhood Studies’ (5 and 6 July 2010), and the next projected one is ‘Law and Language’ in July 2011. Further information on ‘Law and Language’ can be obtained from me ([email protected]) or Dr Fiona Smith (fiona [email protected]). MichaelFreeman April2010 This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofContributors xi 1. Introduction:LawandtheBrain 1 MichaelFreeman 2. WhatNeuroscienceCan(andCannot)TellUsaboutCriminal Responsibility 13 WalterGlannon 3. MensRea,Logic,andtheBrain 29 Gert-JanLokhorst 4. IndeterminismandControl:AnApproachtotheProblemofLuck 41 JohnMartinFischer 5. NeuroscienceandCriminalResponsibility:Proving‘Can’tHelp Himself’asaNarrowBartoCriminalLiability 61 HenryT.Greely 6. Madness,Badness,andNeuroimaging-BasedResponsibility Assessments 79 NicoleA.Vincent 7. BrainImagesasEvidenceintheCriminalLaw 97 AdinaL.RoskiesandWalterSinnott-Armstrong 8. TheNeuralCorrelatesofThird-PartyPunishment 115 JoshuaW.Buckholtz,ChristopherL.Asplund,PaulE.Dux, DavidH.Zald,JohnC.Gore,OwenD.Jones,andRenéMarois 9. Law,Neuroscience,andCriminalCulpability 141 LisaClaydon 10. How(Some)CriminalsAreMade 171 TheodoreY.Blumoff 11. NeuroscienceandPenalLaw:IneffectivenessofthePenalSystems andFlawedPerceptionoftheUnder-EvaluationofBehaviour ConstitutingCrime.TheParticularCaseofCrimesRegarding IntangibleGoods 193 DavidTerracina 12. NeuroscienceandEmotionalHarminTortLaw:Rethinkingthe AmericanApproachtoFree-StandingEmotionalDistressClaims 203 BetsyJ.Grey viii Contents 13. NeuroscienceandIdeology:WhyScienceCanNeverSupplya CompleteAnswerforAdolescentImmaturity 231 JuneCarbone 14. AdolescentBrainScienceandJuvenileJustice 255 TerryA.Maroney 15. TheNeuroscienceofCrueltyasBrainDamage:LegalFramingsof CapacityandEthicalIssuesintheNeurorehabilitationofMotor NeuroneDiseaseandBehaviouralVariantFrontotemporalDementia 283 RobinMackenzieandMohamedSakel 16. TheCarmentisMachine:LegalandEthicalIssuesintheUseof NeuroimagingtoGuideTreatmentWithdrawalinNewbornInfants 309 DominicWilkinsonandCharlesFoster 17. TheRighttoSilenceProtectsMentalControl 335 DovFox 18. MindsApart:SevereBrainInjury,Citizenship,andCivilRights 367 JosephJ.Fins 19. ReciprocityandNeuroscienceinPublicHealthLaw 385 A.M.Viens 20. PathwaystoPersuasion:HowNeuroscienceCanInformtheStudy andPracticeofLaw 395 CherylBoudreau,SeanaCoulson,andMathewD.McCubbins 21. TheJuridicalRoleofEmotionsintheDecisionalProcessof PopularJuries 407 LauraCapraro 22. PossibleLegalImplicationsofNeuralMechanismsUnderlying EthicalBehaviour 419 DonaldPfaffandSandraSherman 23. WhatHobbesLeftOut:TheNeuroscienceofCompassionand itsImplicationsforaNewCommon-wealth 433 JamesD.Duffy 24. NeuroscienceandtheFreeExerciseofReligion 449 StevenGoldberg 25. StepstowardaConstructivistandCoherentistTheoryofJudicial ReasoninginCivilLawTradition 459 EnriqueCáceres 26. EvolutionaryJurisprudence:TheEndoftheNaturalisticFallacy andtheBeginningofNaturalReform? 483 MorrisB.Hoffman