Current development and prospects for the future : French security policy in a changing world. PDF
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California Current Developments And Prospects For The Future: French Security Policy In A Changing World by Janice M. Graham June 1991 Thesis Advisor: Donald Abenheim Second Reader: Jan S. Breemer Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. T256949 . Unci issified SECURITYCLASSIFICATIONOFTHISPAGE REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE la. RETORTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION 1b. RESTRICTIVEMARKINGS Unclassified Unclassified 2a. SECURITYCLASSIFICATIONAUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYOFREPORT Approved forpublic release; distribution is unlimited. 2b. JLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE ERFORMTNGORGANIZATIONREPORTNUMBER(S) MONTTORTNGORGANIZATIONREPORTNUMBER(S) 6a. > AMEOFPERFORMINGORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICESYMBOL 7a. NAMEOFMONITORINGORGANIZATION .•lavalPostgraduateSchool (IfApplicable) NavalPostgraduate School 38 6c. / f DRESS(city,state,andZIPcode) 7b. ADDRESS(city,state,andZIPcode) lonterey, CA 93943-5000 Monterey, CA 93943-5000 5a. i ,.MEOFFUNDING/SPONSORING 6b. OFFICESYMBOL PROCUREMENTINSTRUMENTIDENTIFICATIONNUMBER I IvGANIZATION (IfApplicable) 8c. i DDRESS(city,state,andZIPcode) 10. SOURCEOFFUNDINGNUMBERS PROGRAM PROTECT TASK WORKUNIT ELEMENTNO. NO. NO. ACCESSIONNO. 11 TITLE (IncludeSecurityClassification) CurrentDevelopments And Prospects ForTheFuture: French Security Policy In A Changing World (U) 12. PFRSONALAUTHOR(S) Iraham, Janice M. 13a. TYPEOFREPORT 13b. TIMECOVERED 14. DATEOFREPORT(year,momhAay) 15. PAGECOUNT Master's Thesis FROM TO 1991 May 17 131 16. SJPPLEMENTARYNOTATION 'rhe views expressed in this thesis are thoseoftheauthoranddo not reflecttheofficial policyorposition ofthe Departmentof I 'cfense or the U.S. Government. 17. COSATICODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (continue onreverse ifnecessaryandidentify by blocknumber) I ELD GROUP SUBGROUP France, French Security Policy, Franco-German relations, NATO, French economy Charles deGaulle,FrancoisMitterrand,EuropeanCommunity, French nuclear forces,Frenchconventional forces,French defensespending,WestEuropean defense 19. /BS'IRACT(Continue on reverse ifnecessaryandidentify byblocknumber) Tr. s thesis provides an analysis ofthe effectsofrecent historical events on the future ofFrench security policy. The endof theC )ld Wardivision ofEurope, the rebirth ofGermany, thegrowing pressures formajordefensecuts, the calls forFrance to revicv its nucleardoctrine,abandon its independentpoliciesandrejoin NATO's integrated military structure,and finally, the lesso.is ofthe recentGulfWar, are issues thatthreaten todivideFrance ina way thathas notoccurred in several decades. The fundimentalquestion forthedecadeofthe 1990sishow to, orperhaps whetherto,preservethe legacy ofnational independence andgrandeurhandeddown by formerPresidentCharlesdeGaulle. The thesisconcludes thattheGaullist mythofgrandeurand indep3ndencecan no longerbe sustained. French security mustnow beachieved by strengthening ties with NATO, and building astroigerWestEuropean defenseposturecenteredaroundcloseFranco-Germanrelations. 20. 1 ISTRJBUnON/AVAILABILrrYOFABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION |x| l >CLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED J SAMEASRPT. J DTICUSERS Unclassified 22a. SAMEOFRESPONSIBLEINDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE(IncludeAreaCode) 22c. OFFICESYMBOL Donald Abenheim (408)646-2521 Code NS Ah DD I )RM 1473, 84 MAR 83 APRedition may beused untilexhausted SECURITYCLASSIFICATIONOFTIIISPAGI- All other editions are obsolete Unclassified Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Current Developments And Prospects For The Future: French Security Policy In A Changing World by Janice M.XJraham Lieutenant, United States Navy B.A., University Of Kentucky, 1981 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 1991 11 ABSTRACT This thesis provides an analysis of the effects of recent historical events on the future of French security policy. The end of the Cold War division of Europe, the rebirth of Germany, the growing pressures for major defense cuts, the calls for France to review its nuclear doctrine, abandon its independent policies and rejoin NATO's integrated military structure, and finally, the lessons of the recent Gulf War, are issues that threaten to divide France in a way that has not occurred in several decades. The fundamental question for the decade of the 1990s is how to, or perhaps whether to, preserve the legacy of national independence and grandeur handed down by former President Charles de Gaulle. The thesis concludes that the Gaullist myth of grandeur and independence can no longer be sustained. French security must now be achieved by strengthening ties with NATO, and building a stronger West European defense posture centered around close Franco-German relations. in . CI TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. 1 FRENCH SECURITY POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR TWO II. 8 BACKGROUND A. 8 1. The Fourquet Doctrine 1 1 2. Withdrawal from NATO's Integrated Military Structure 1 2 3. Non-belligerency option and French cooperation NATO with 1 4 B. STRATEGIC NUCLEAR FORCES 1 6 C FRENCH CONVENTIONALFORCES 18 D. FRENCH SECURITY POLICY IN THE 1990S 2 1 The Impact of Recent Events in Europe 2 1 2. Defense spending in the 1990's 2 4 3. French participation in Arms Control 2 6 4. Bilateral and Multilateral Defense cooperation 2 8 E CURRENT PERSPECTIVES 3 THE EFFECTS OF GLASNOST, PERESTROIKA, AND HI. GORBACHEVS NEW POLITICAL THINKING ON FRENCH SECURITY POLICY 3 3 A. THE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE OFFRENCH-SOVIET RELATIONS 3 4 FRENCH SECURITY POLICY PRIOR TO GORBACHEVS B. NEW POLITICAL THINKING 3 8 C GLASNOST, PERESTROIKA AND NEW POLITICAL IV
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