Current Concepts in Current Thinking on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Editors CORINNA BRUNCKHORST FIRAT DURU l Associate Editor ARDAN M. SAGUNER Foreword by A. JOHN CAMM Current Concepts in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Current Concepts in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Editors: Prof. Dr. CORINNA BRUNCKHORST, MD Co-Director Arrhythmia Service University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Prof. Dr. FIRAT DURU, MD Director Arrhythmia Service University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Associate Editor: Dr. ARDAN M. SAGUNER, MD Fellow Arrhythmia Service University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Minneapolis, Minnesota © 2014 Corinna Brunckhorst, Firat Duru Cardiotext Publishing, LLC 3405 W. 44th Street Minneapolis, Minnesota 55410 USA www.cardiotextpublishing.com Any updates to this book may be found at: www.cardiotextpublishing.com/arvc-d/ Comments, inquiries, and requests for bulk sales can be directed to the publisher at: [email protected]. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names used herein are the property of their respective owners and are used only to identify the products or services of those owners. This book is intended for educational purposes and to further general scientific and medical knowledge, research, and understanding of the conditions and associated treatments discussed herein. This book is not intended to serve as and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting any specific diagnosis or method of treatment for a particular condition or a particular patient. It is the reader’s responsibility to determine the proper steps for diagnosis and the proper course of treatment for any condition or patient, including suitable and appropriate tests, medications, or medical devices to be used for or in conjunction with any diagnosis or treatment. Due to ongoing research, discoveries, modifications to medicines, equipment and devices, and changes in government regulations, the information contained in this book may not reflect the latest standards, developments, guidelines, regulations, products, or devices in the field. Readers are responsible for keeping up to date with the latest developments and are urged to review the latest instructions and warnings for any medicine, equipment, or medical device. Readers should consult with a specialist or contact the vendor of any medicine or medical device where appropriate. Except for the publisher’s website associated with this work, the publisher is not affiliated with and does not sponsor or endorse any websites, organizations, or other sources of information referred to herein. The publisher and the authors specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this book. Unless otherwise stated, all figures and tables in this book are used courtesy of the authors. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014933127 ISBN: 978-1-935395-92-8 eISBN: 978-1-935395-19-5 Printed in the United States of America Dedication We thank our families for their support and understanding. We dedicate this book to all patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. We hope that it serves as a source of knowledge and inspiration for the physicians and scientists who aim to provide the best medical care for patients with this disease. We are grateful to the Georg and Bertha Schwyzer-Winiker Foundation for supporting the Zurich ARVC Program and for making this book possible. —The Editors v Table of Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Chapter 1 Discovery of Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Guy H. Fontaine, Robert Frank, Jean-Louis Hébert, Françoise Hidden-Lucet, Michel Komajda Chapter 2 Disease Mechanisms in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: From the Macro- to the Nanoscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Esperanza Agullo-Pascual, Marina Cerrone, Mario Delmar Chapter 3 Genetic Background of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia . . . 31 Judith Groeneweg, Richard Hauer Chapter 4 Genetic Counseling for Patients and Relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Argelia Medeiros-Domingo Chapter 5 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: Clinical Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Challenges . . . . . . . . . . 49 Rajesh Janardhanan, Frank I. Marcus Chapter 6A The Role of Echocardiography in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Alessandra Vecchiati, Felix C. Tanner Chapter 6B The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Robert Manka, Markus Niemann Chapter 7 Drug Therapy in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia: When and How to Use Which Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Thomas Wichter Chapter 8 The Role of Implantable Defibrillators and Catheter Ablation in the Management of Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia . . . . . . . . 93 Florence Porterfield, Hugh Calkins vii viii Current Concepts in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Chapter 9 Risk Stratification and Prognosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Alessandro Zorzi, Domenico Corrado Chapter 10 The Zurich ARVC Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Ardan M. Saguner Case 1 Difficult-to-Treat Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia . . . . . . . 127 Richard Kobza, Paul Erne Case 2 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia in Sports: Rare Incident or the “Tip of the Iceberg”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Christian M. Schmied Impressions from the First Zurich ARVC/D Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Contributors Editors Prof. Dr. Corinna Brunckhorst, MD Co-Director Arrhythmia Service, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Prof. Dr. Firat Duru, MD Director Arrhythmia Service, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Associate Editor Ardan M. Saguner, MD Fellow Arrhythmia Service, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Contributors Esperanza Agullo-Pascual, PhD Mario Delmar, MD, PhD Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New Professor of Medicine/Cardiology, Leon H. York University School of Medicine, New York, Charney Division of Cardiology, New York New York, USA University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Hugh Calkins, MD Professor of Medicine, Nicholas J. Fortuin Paul Erne, MD Professor of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical CardioVasc Schweiz, Klinik St. Anna, Lucerne, Institutions, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Maryland, USA University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland Marina Cerrone, MD Guy H. Fontaine, MD, PhD, HDR Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Leon H. Unité de Rythmologie, University Pierre et Charney Division of Cardiology, New York Marie Curie, La Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, University School of Medicine, New York, France New York, USA Robert Frank, MD Domenico Corrado, MD, PhD Unité de Rythmologie, University Pierre et Division of Cardiology, Inherited Marie Curie, La Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Unit, France Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Judith Groeneweg, MD Sciences, University of Padua, Italy Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands ix