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MSflE CURRENT BIOGRAPHY 1959 WITH INDEX 1951-1959 SCHOOL POWERS HIGH SCHOOL HIGH POWERS LIBRARY —A** % «$ % i. '% V / % \ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 http://www.archive.org/details/currentbiogr195900mori CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK 1959 CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK 19 5 9 EDITED BY CHARLES MORITZ THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY NEW YORK, N. Y. TWENTIETH ANNUAL CUMULATION—1959 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA © Copyright 1959, I960 by THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY Library of Congress Catalog Card No. (40-27432) Reasonable quotation is permitted provided due credit is given to CURRENT BIOGRAPHY Preface The appearance of the twentieth annual volume of Current Biog- raphy, cumulating eleven monthly issues in one alphabet, brings to a close its first two decades of publication. During this period it witnessed the entry of the United States into World War JI, the end of that armed conflict, and the uneasy peace and "cold war" that followed. It also saw the ushering in of the atomic age and the inauguration of the United Nations. These developments have been reflected in the lives of the celebrities discussed in its pages; now, as the world enters the space age of rocketry and missiles, an increasing number of names of physicists appears in Current Biography. Ranging over some forty subject fields from archaeology to tech- nology, this twentieth volume of Current Biography Yearbook follows the pattern of its recent predecessors. The twenty sketches of authors originally published in the Wilson Library Bulletin that have been included are indicated by (WLB) in the Cumulated Index and in the Literature classification. Winners of the Xobel Prizes and the Pulitzer Prizes have been accorded biographical treatment. Several persons who appeared in earlier volumes of Current Biography and who continue to find their way into the news have been singled out for revised biographical sketches. They are: George F. Kennan, James R. Killian. Ben Grauer, Henry Drey- fuss, Stanley Kunitz, Archibald MacLeish, and General Lauris Xorstad. Through careful researching by Current Biography writers in newspapers, magazines, authoritative reference books, and the news re- leases of government agencies, all the biographical sketches have been made as accurate and objective as possible. Immediately after their publication in the monthly issues, the articles are submitted to the biographees to give them an opportunity to suggest corrections in time for Current Biography Yearbook. Sketches have also been revised before inclusion in the Yearbook to take account of major changes in the careers of biographees. Although subjects are occasionally interviewed, the question- naire continues to be the main source of direct information. Heads of veterans, industrial, fraternal, and professional organiza- tions included in this volume can be found in the back under Organi- zations. Individuals who arc not authors by profession but who have written books are listed under Nonfiction or Literature in addition to their primary vocational fields. The pages following contain: Explanation; Key to Reference Abbre- viations; Lex to Pronunciation) and Key to Abbreviations. The ind< at the end of the volume are: Biographical References (consulted by- Current Biography research staff); Periodicals and Newspapers Con- sulted; Necrology (of persons whose biographies have appeared in pre vious volumes); Classification by Professional Field; Cumulated Index. 1{)?1 59). The 1940-1950 Index is found in the 1950 Yearbook. Acknowledgement is due to Miss Marjorie Dent Candee, who resigned from the editorship of CURRENT BIOGRAPHY in October 1958 after five wars of service. CHARLES MORITZ W F ODNS RJ Explanations Authorities for biographees' full names, with some exceptions, are the bibliographical publications of The Wilson Company. When a biographee prefers a certain name form, that is indicated in the heading of the article: for example, Macmillan, (Maurice) Harold means that he is usually referred to as Harold Macmillan. When a professional name is used in the heading, as, for example, Patrick Dennis, the real name (in this case Edward Everett Tanner 3d) appears in the article itself. The heading of each article includes the pronunciation of the name if it is unusual, date of birth (if obtainable), and occupation. The article is supplemented by a list of references to sources of biographical information, in two alphabets: (I) newspapers and periodicals and (2) books. See the section Biographical References Consulted. KEY TO REFERENCE ABBREVIATIONS References to newspapers and periodicals are listed in abbreviated form; for example, "Sat Eve Post 217:14-15 S 30 '44 por" means Saturday Evening Post, volume 217, pages 14-15, September 30, 1944, with portrait. (For full names, see the section Periodicals and Newspapers Consulted, found in the rear of this volume.) — — JFaenburauraryy—Ja JAuugluys—tJl—Ag JMoaugranzailne—Mag March—Mr September— Monthly—Mo April—Ap October— Weekly— May—My November— Portrait—por — — — June Je December Review KEY TO PRONUNCIATION (Based on lYebster's Guide to Pronunciation*) a ale N Not pronounced. Q urn; French eu. as a care but indicates the in jeu (zhu); Ger- & add nasal tone of the man 6. oe, as in a Account preceding vowel. schon (shun). a arm as in the French Goethe (gu'te) a ask bon (box). tub a sofd circus 5 old Pronounced ap- § eve 6 orb proximately as 5, e end 5 odd with rounded lips: § maker ooio ooiolze Fmreennuch(mue.-mais');in K go do fdbt German ii, as in ou out griin II IIIcIe th then Eh= azure th thin main accent K German ch as in = ich (Ik). u cube ' secondary accent (•Exceptions th in then; main and secondary accents.) :