CUPS: Common UNIX Printing System: Common Unix Printing System - Definitive Guide to the Printing System and Internet Printing Protocol (Sams White Book)

649 Pages·2001·4.926 MB·English

by  Michael Sweet

Common UNIX Printing System
MICHAEL R. SWEET
201 West 103rd Street,Indianapolis,Indiana 46290
ii
Common UNIX Printing System Associate Publisher
Jeff Koch
Copyright © 2002 by Sams Publishing
Acquisitions Editor
All rights reserved.No part of this book shall be reproduced,stored in a Kathryn Purdum
retrieval system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,
Development Editor
photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without written permission from
Mark Renfrow
the publisher.No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the
information contained herein.Although every precaution has been taken Managing Editor
in the preparation of this book,the publisher and author assume no Matt Purcell
responsibility for errors or omissions.Nor is any liability assumed for
Project Editor
damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
George E.Nedeff
International Standard Book Number:0-672-32196-3
Copy Editors
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:2001089505
Cynthia Fields
Printed in the United States of America
Margo Catts
Second Printing:August 2001 Karen A.Gill
05 4 3 2 Indexer
Larry Sweazy
Trademarks
Proofreader
The UNIX trademark is also shown as Unix;both are registered trade-
Teresa Stephens
marks of the X Open Group,Inc.All other terms mentioned in this book
that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately Technical Editor
capitalized.Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa- Tim Hicks
tion.Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the
Team Coordinator
validity of any trademark or service mark.
Vicki Harding
Warning and Disclaimer
Interior Designer
Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accu- Gary Adair
rate as possible,but no warranty or fitness is implied.The information
Cover Designer
provided is on an “as is”basis.
Alan Clements
Page Layout
Lizbeth Patterson
iii
Contents at a Glance
Introduction 1
Part I Using CUPS
1 Introduction to CUPS 9
2 Compiling and Installing CUPS 23
3 Setting Up Printers and Classes 37
4 Printing with CUPS 69
5 Server Configuration 91
6 Client Configuration 109
Part II The Internet Printing Protocol
7 Overview of IPP 121
8 Anatomy of an IPP Request 127
9 Printer Objects 141
10 Job Objects 167
11 Subscription Objects 189
12 CUPS Extensions to IPP 205
Part III Programming with CUPS
13 Overview of CUPS Programming 219
14 Using CUPS API Functions 231
15 Sending IPP Requests Using CUPS 267
16 Writing File Filters for CUPS 303
17 Writing Printer Drivers for CUPS 333
18 Writing Backends for CUPS 363
19 Writing Notifiers for CUPS 373
iv
Part IV Appendices
A Configuration File Directives 383
B IPP Reference 427
C CUPS Constants 435
D CUPS Structures 453
E CUPS Functions 463
F Common UNIX Printing System License Agreement 575
Index 591
Contents
Introduction........................................................................................1
The History of Printing in Unix..............................................................................1
Printing from Personal Computers ..........................................................................2
The Evolution of CUPS..........................................................................................2
About This Book......................................................................................................5
Part 1 Using CUPS
1 Introduction to CUPS 9
The Printing Problem............................................................................................10
The Technology......................................................................................................10
Client and Server ........................................................................................11
Jobs..............................................................................................................12
Classes..........................................................................................................12
Filters ..........................................................................................................13
Printer Drivers ............................................................................................14
Backends......................................................................................................15
Networking..................................................................................................15
Graphical Interfaces................................................................................................16
ESP Print Pro..............................................................................................17
GtkLP..........................................................................................................17
KUPS..........................................................................................................17
QtCUPS......................................................................................................19
XPP ............................................................................................................19
Resources ..............................................................................................................20
The CUPS Mailing List ..............................................................................20
CUPS Newsgroups......................................................................................21
Web Sites ....................................................................................................22
Summary................................................................................................................22
2 Building and Installing CUPS 23
Installing a Source Distribution..............................................................................24
Getting the CUPS Source Code..................................................................24
Requirements..............................................................................................24
Configuring the CUPS Sources....................................................................25
Compiling CUPS........................................................................................29
Testing the Software ....................................................................................30
Installing the Software..................................................................................30
Upgrading the Software................................................................................31
Running the Software..................................................................................31
vi
Installing a Binary Distribution ..............................................................................31
Getting a CUPS Binary Distribution............................................................31
Installing or Upgrading a Portable Distribution............................................32
Installing an RPM Distribution....................................................................33
Installing a Debian Distribution....................................................................34
Summary................................................................................................................35
3 Setting Up Printers and Classes 37
Basics of Printers....................................................................................................38
Printer Devices............................................................................................38
Printer Drivers ............................................................................................45
Adding Your First Printer........................................................................................47
Adding Your First Printer from the Command-Line ....................................47
Configuring Your Printer from the Command-Line ....................................48
Adding Your First Printer from the Web..................................................................49
Configuring Your Printer from the Web Interface ........................................51
Printing a Test Page................................................................................................54
Managing Printers from the Command-Line..........................................................55
Setting the Printer Description....................................................................56
Setting the Printer Location ........................................................................56
Changing the Printer Device........................................................................56
Changing the Printer Driver........................................................................57
Changing the Printer Configuration............................................................57
Setting Quotas on a Printer..........................................................................58
Restricting Access to a Printer......................................................................58
Deleting Printers..........................................................................................59
Setting the Default Printer ..........................................................................59
Starting and Stopping Printers......................................................................59
Accepting and Rejecting Print Jobs..............................................................60
Managing Printers from the Web Interface..............................................................60
Configuring Printers from the Web Interface................................................61
Modifying Printers ......................................................................................61
Deleting Printers..........................................................................................61
Starting Printers ..........................................................................................62
Stopping Printers..........................................................................................62
Accepting Print Jobs....................................................................................62
Rejecting Print Jobs ....................................................................................62
Printing a Test Page......................................................................................62
Basics of Classes......................................................................................................62
Managing Printer Classes from the Command-Line ..............................................63
Removing Printers from a Class ..................................................................63
Removing a Class Completely ....................................................................63
vii
Adding Classes from the Web Interface ..................................................................64
Managing Classes from the Web Interface ..............................................................65
Modifying Classes........................................................................................65
Deleting Classes............................................................................................66
Starting Classes ............................................................................................66
Stopping Classes ..........................................................................................67
Accepting Print Jobs....................................................................................67
Rejecting Print Jobs ....................................................................................68
Printing a Test Page......................................................................................68
Implicit Classes ......................................................................................................68
Summary................................................................................................................68
4 Printing with CUPS 69
Printing Files..........................................................................................................70
Choosing a Printer ................................................................................................70
Printing Multiple Copies..............................................................................70
Encrypting Your Print Jobs ....................................................................................71
Setting Printer Options..........................................................................................71
Printing Collated Copies..............................................................................71
Printer-Specific Options ........................................................................................71
Standard Printer Options........................................................................................73
General Options ..........................................................................................73
Banner Options............................................................................................75
Document Options......................................................................................75
Text Options................................................................................................77
Image Options ............................................................................................78
HP-GL/2 Options ......................................................................................80
Raw or Unfiltered Output ..........................................................................81
Saving Printer Options ..........................................................................................82
Setting Options for a Specific Printer ..........................................................82
Viewing the Current Saved Options............................................................82
Setting the Default Printer ..........................................................................82
Printer Instances ..........................................................................................83
Checking the Printer Status from the Command Line............................................83
Checking the Printer Status from the Web..............................................................84
Canceling a Print Job from the Command-Line ....................................................84
Canceling a Print Job from the Web Interface........................................................84
Configuring Applications for CUPS ......................................................................84
GIMP..........................................................................................................85
Netscape......................................................................................................86
Star Office....................................................................................................86
Summary................................................................................................................90
viii
5 Server Configuration 91
The Basics..............................................................................................................92
Configuration Files......................................................................................92
Changing the Server Configuration..............................................................92
Server Directives..........................................................................................93
Restarting the CUPS Server........................................................................93
Basic Configuration Options..................................................................................93
Configuring CUPS as a Server ....................................................................93
Easy Web Browsing......................................................................................94
Enhanced Security ......................................................................................95
Encryption ..................................................................................................95
Enabling Encryption in Your Server..............................................................98
Advanced Access Control......................................................................................100
Basics of Access Control ............................................................................101
Authentication of Users..............................................................................101
Authentication of Groups ..........................................................................103
Address-Based Access Control....................................................................104
Name-Based Access Control ......................................................................104
Log Files ..............................................................................................................105
The Access Log File....................................................................................105
The Error Log File ....................................................................................106
The Page Log File......................................................................................107
Summary..............................................................................................................107
6 Client Configuration 109
The Basics............................................................................................................110
Manual Configuration of Print Queues......................................................110
Specifying a Single Server for Printing ......................................................111
Automatic Configuration of Print Queues..................................................111
Specifying Multiple Servers for Printing ....................................................112
Relaying Printers to Other Clients ............................................................112
Load Balancing and Failsafe Operation ................................................................113
Printing from LPD Clients ..................................................................................114
Printing from Mac OS Clients..............................................................................115
Columbia Appletalk Package (CAP) ..........................................................115
XINET KA/Spool ....................................................................................115
NetATalk....................................................................................................116
Printing from Windows Clients............................................................................116
Configuring SAMBA 2.0.x........................................................................116
Configuring SAMBA 2.2.x........................................................................116
Configuring Windows Clients with IPP ....................................................117
Summary..............................................................................................................117
ix
Part II The Internet Printing Protocol
7 Introduction to the Internet Printing Protocol 121
History of IPP......................................................................................................122
The Line Printer Daemon Protocol............................................................122
Making a New Protocol ............................................................................123
Object Model ......................................................................................................124
Extensions............................................................................................................125
References............................................................................................................125
Summary..............................................................................................................126
8 Anatomy of an IPP Request 127
Dissecting an IPP Request....................................................................................128
The HTTP Request..................................................................................128
The Request Header..................................................................................129
Groups and Attributes................................................................................131
Groups ......................................................................................................132
Attributes ..................................................................................................133
Array (1setof) Values....................................................................................134
The Response......................................................................................................134
Status Codes ..............................................................................................135
Value Tags ..................................................................................................137
Responses Containing Multiple Objects ....................................................137
Summary..............................................................................................................139
9 Printer Objects 141
What Is a Printer Object? ....................................................................................142
Required Attributes....................................................................................142
The document-format-supported Attribute................................................146
Optional Attributes ..............................................................................................155
The color-supported Attribute....................................................................156
The job-impressions-supported Attribute....................................................156
The job-k-octets-supported Attribute ........................................................156
The job-media-sheets-supported Attribute..................................................156
The multiple-document-jobs-supported Attribute......................................157
The multiple-operation-time-out Attribute................................................157
The pages-per-minute Attribute ................................................................157
The pages-per-minute-color Attribute........................................................157
The print-quality-default Attribute ............................................................157
The print-quality-supported Attribute........................................................157
The printer-current-time Attribute............................................................158
The printer-driver-installer Attribute..........................................................158