Cultures in Conflict

64 Pages·2016·2.54 MB·English

UNIT
3
Cultures in
Confl ict
Visual Prompt: What do artifacts, such as the one shown above, tell you about a culture?
Unit Overview
“Until the lion has a voice, stories of community, the institutions that
safaris will always glorify the hunter.” enable it to function, the conflicting
d.
ve To illustrate this African proverb, roles of its members, and the way in
er
s
s re Chinua Achebe wrote the acclaimed which it is affected by political and
ght novel Things Fall Apart, in which he social change. Your opinions of the
All ri provides a powerful voice for the Ibo community’s response to change
d.
oar Ibo, a community nearly silenced by may be positive, negative, or mixed;
B
e
g European colonialism. In this unit, however, like millions of others who
e
oll
8 C you will continue your exploration have read the novel, you may find
1
20 of culture by reading and studying that the characters and community of
©
Achebe’s novel. By immersing yourself Things Fall Apart remain with you long
in the culture and community of the after your study is complete.
Ibo people, you will analyze a complex
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UNIT
3
Contents
GOALS:
• To analyze cultural
Activities
experiences reflected in
a work of literature from 3.1 Previewing the Unit ................................................................220
outside the United States
3.2 Proverbs and Folktales .............................................................221
• To analyze how complex
characters in a novel
3.3 Researching Context ...............................................................223
develop and interact to
advance a plot or theme *Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe
• To research to answer 3.4 Culture Wheel ...........................................................................225
questions, explore complex
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe
ideas, and gather relevant
information
3.5 Father and Son ........................................................................228
• To present findings to
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 1–4)
an audience clearly and
logically, making use of 3.6 Character in Conflict .................................................................231
digital media
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 1–4)
• To draw evidence from
a literary text to support 3.7 Family Ties ..............................................................................233
analysis and reflection *Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 5–6)
3.8 Sacrificial Son ..........................................................................235
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 7–8)
ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
reliability
3.9 Cultural Change .......................................................................239
validity
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapter 9)
plagiarism
annotated bibliography
Embedded Assessment 1: Researching and Comparing Pre- and
Postcolonial Ibo Culture ..........................241
Literary Terms
d.
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proverb erv
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folktale s re
archetype ht
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epigraph All ri
motif d.
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characterization ge
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foreshadowing oll
C
tragic hero 18
0
hamartia © 2
irony
dramatic irony
verbal irony
situational irony
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Language and
3.10 Previewing Embedded Assessment 2 and Creating Writer’s Craft
a Tableau ..................................................................................243 • Active and Passive
Voice (3.5)
3.11 Ibo Norms and Values ..............................................................245
• Compare/Contrast (3.7)
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapter 10)
• Academic Voice (3.8)
3.12 RAFTing with Chielo ................................................................248 • Using Precise Language
and Domain-Specific
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 11–12)
Vocabulary (3.11)
Introducing the Strategy: RAFT
• Word Patterns (3.15)
3.13 Acts of Violence .......................................................................250
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapter 13)
3.14 Gender Views ...........................................................................251
MY INDEPENDENT
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapter 14) READING LIST
3.15 A Tragic Hero? ...........................................................................253
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapter 15)
3.16 Colliding Cultures .....................................................................255
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 16–19)
3.17 Cultural Misunderstandings .....................................................257
*Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 20–22)
3.18 Poetic Connections ...................................................................259
Novel: Excerpt from Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe
Poetry: “Prayer to the Masks,” by Léopold Sédar Senghor
Poetry: “The Second Coming,” by William Butler Yeats
d.
e
v 3.19 A Letter to the District Commissioner ......................................264
er
s
s re *Novel: Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe (Chapters 23–25)
ht
d. All rig L C LNaonvgeul:a Egxec Cerhpetcsk fproomin tT: hUisnignsg FNaollu Anp Aagrtr,e beym Cehnitn ..u..a.. A...c.h..e..b..e.......266
ar
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e B 3.20 The Author’s Perspective ........................................................268
g
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oll Interview: “An African Voice,” by Katie Bacon
C
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20 Embedded Assessment 2: Writing a Literary Analysis Essay ............279
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*Texts not included in these materials.

Unit 3 • Cultures in Conflict 219
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ACTIVITY
3.1
Learning Targets
LEARNING STRATEGIES:
• Preview the unit for the big ideas and new vocabulary.
QHT, Marking the Text,
• Analyze the skills and knowledge required to complete Embedded
Predicting, Graphic Organizer
Assessment 1 successfully.
Making Connections
My Notes In this unit, you will continue exploring culture by looking at communities in
conflict. Many cultures around the world are in conflict today, with both modern
and traditional influences affecting how cultures change. As you read Chinua
Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart, you will closely examine the Ibo culture and the
changes it experiences through the eyes of the novelist.
Essential Questions
Based on your current knowledge, respond to the following Essential Questions.
1. How might a culture change when it encounters new ideas and members?
2. How can an author use a fictional character to make a statement about culture?
Developing Vocabulary
3. Mark the Academic Vocabulary and Literary Terms using the QHT strategy.
Then in your Reader/Writer Notebook, answer the following question: What
strategies will you use to gather knowledge of new terms independently and to
develop the ability to use them accurately?
d.
e
INDEPENDENT erv
s
READING LINK e
Unpacking Embedded Assessment 1 s r
Read and Discuss ght
The focus of this unit is the Read the assignment for Embedded Assessment 1: Researching and Comparing All ri
Pre- and Postcolonial Ibo Culture. d.
novel Things Fall Apart. For ar
independent reading, you Your assignment is to examine one aspect of tribal culture presented in Things Bo
e
Fall Apart, its significance to the Ibo community, and compare and contrast how g
might choose informational e
texts about the colonization that cultural aspect changed from precolonial to postcolonial Nigeria. You will Coll
8
of different parts of the create a presentation that reflects your research. 01
2
world. Focus on the ways that ©
the colonists changed the In your own words, summarize what you will need to know to complete this
native culture. Discuss one assessment successfully. With your class, create a graphic organizer to represent
or more of your independent the skills and knowledge you will need to complete the tasks identified in the
reading selections with Embedded Assessment.
peers, explaining how the
information you learned
helps you better understand
how the Ibo culture might
have been affected by
colonization.
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ACTIVITY
3.2
Learning Targets
LEARNING STRATEGIES:
• Analyze folktales and proverbs to gain insight into the culture of a people.
Think-Pair-Share, Word
• Determine an author’s purpose for including proverbs and folktales in a novel.
Wall, Graphic Organizer,
Discussion Groups
Preview
In this activity, you will prepare to read the novel Things Fall Apart by analyzing the
proverbs and folktales of the Ibo and broader African culture.
Literary Terms
Proverbs and Folktales A proverb is a short saying
about a general truth.
Proverbs and folktales are one part of a culture’s oral tradition. People share
A folktale is a story without
proverbs and folktales in order to express important stories, ideas, and beliefs
a known author that has
about their culture.
been preserved through
oral retellings.
1. As you read the novel Things Fall Apart, you will encounter many proverbs
and folktales that illustrate the beliefs of the Ibo people. One memorable Ibo
proverb is “Proverbs are the palm oil with which words are eaten.” Explain what
you think this proverb means.
My Notes
2. In small groups, read and discuss the following proverbs from the novel. Then
explain each one in the graphic organizer.
Proverb Explanation
If a child washes his hands, he could
eat with kings.
When the moon is shining, the cripple
d. becomes hungry for a walk.
e
v
er
s
e
s r Since men have learned to shoot
ht
g without missing, [the bird] has
All ri learned to fly without perching.
d.
ar
o
e B The clan was like a lizard. If it lost its
g
olle tail it soon grew another.
C
8
1
0 I cannot live on the bank of a river
2
©
and wash my hands with spittle.
A man who pays respect to the great
paves the way for his own greatness.
Check Your Understanding
What general truth believed by the Ibo culture is revealed through the proverb
“If one finger brought oil it soiled the others”?
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ACTIVITY 3.2
continued
3. In addition to proverbs, you will also encounter a number of folktales in the novel.
My Notes Use the organizer below to record details about the folktales discussed in class.
Then, either copy this organizer or create your own to record details about the
folktales you find in Things Fall Apart, especially in Chapters 7, 9, 11, and 15.
Folktales
Title
Characters
Literary Terms
An archetype is a pattern, Setting
symbol, image, or idea that
recurs in literature.
Plot Summary
Symbols and
Archetypes
Meaning of the
Folktale
Significance
(reason for its
retelling across
generations and
d.
its inclusion in ve
er
the novel) es
s r
ht
g
Check Your Understanding All ri
d.
• What connections can you make between the proverbs and the folktales? oar
B
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• How can proverbs and folktales provide insight into a culture? g
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oll
• How and why might an author use proverbs and folktales in a novel? C
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2
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Writing to Sources: Explanatory Text
Explain how the proverbs and folktales you analyzed in this activity provide insight
into the values of the cultures from which they come. Be sure to:
• Begin with a topic sentence summarizing your understanding of how the theme
of proverbs and folktales can tell us about a culture’s values.
• Include specific relevant details from the proverbs and folktales that tell you
about the culture.
• Cite direct quotations and specific examples from the text. Introduce and
punctuate all quotations correctly.
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ACTIVITY
3.3
Learning Targets
LEARNING STRATEGIES:
• Gather, evaluate, and cite sources to answer questions about the historical,
KWHL, Brainstorming,
cultural, social, and geographical context of the novel.
Graphic Organizer
• Use evidence from research to present findings to the class.
Preview
ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
In this activity, you will conduct and present research that answers questions about
A source has reliability if its
the context of the novel Things Fall Apart.
information can be trusted
and is of good quality.
Conducting Internet Research
A source that is truthful or
1. When researching on the Internet, it is important to evaluate the validity and accurate has validity.
reliability of the information you find. Look at the authority of the information
(e.g., was it written by experts?), as well as its objectivity. Refer to the following
chart to evaluate Internet sources.
Questions to Evaluate Internet Sources
The URL What is the website’s domain?
.com=a for-profit organization
.gov, .mil, .us=a government site
.edu=an educational institution
.org=a nonprofit organization
Sponsor What organization or group sponsors the website?
Does the website provide information about the sponsor (often found in an “About Us” link)?
If so, what information is provided?
Timeliness When was the site created?
When was the site last updated (usually posted on the top or bottom of the page)?
d. Purpose What is the purpose of the site?
e
v
ser Who is the target audience?
e
hts r Does the website present information or opinion?
g
All ri Author/Publisher Who publishes the website?
d.
oar What credentials does the author have?
B
e
eg Is the person or group considered an authority on the topic? How do you know?
oll
C
18 Links Does the website provide links that work?
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© Do the links go to authoritative sources?
Are they objective or subjective?
2. It is also important to avoid plagiarism. As you research, keep good notes about
your sources and direct quotations so that you can cite them accurately. Note the
ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
URL of each site you view, as you may need to revisit the site to collect further
Plagiarism is the act of
information. Use note cards or a word processing program to record information.
using another person’s
3. With your group, brainstorm a list of possible questions about your assigned
words or ideas without
topic. Use your questions to guide your group’s research. When conducting giving credit.
research, refer to what you have just learned about evaluating sources and
avoiding plagiarism.
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ACTIVITY 3.3
continued
Presentations
My Notes
4. To prepare for your group’s presentation, use note cards to create an annotated
outline that includes a thesis statement and key talking points to which you
can refer.
5. As you listen to your classmates’ presentations, fill in the following organizer
with information about their topics.
Topic Research Notes
Chinua Achebe
Nigeria: History
Nigeria: Geography and Agriculture
British Colonialism and Nigeria
Missionary Involvement in Africa
d.
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Tribal Life ght
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d.
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B
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Check Your Understanding 8
1
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INDEPENDENT 2
• What are some of the key elements of a valid and reliable Internet source? ©
READING LINK
• How did your research help provide a context for the novel?
Read and Research
• What new predictions can you make based on the class presentations?
Review the informational
texts you have chosen. Use • Compare and contrast the class presentations: What made some more
the Questions to Evaluate engaging, informative, or effective than others?
Sources to make sure you are
using the most appropriate
texts for your purpose.
Replace any texts that do not
seem to be reliable and valid.
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ACTIVITY
3.4
Learning Targets
LEARNING STRATEGIES:
• Analyze the cumulative impact of using words and phrases from the Ibo
Previewing, Predicting,
language on the tone and meaning of the novel.
Graphic Organizer
• Learn domain-specific vocabulary to use when speaking and writing about the
novel.
Previewing the Novel
WORD
CONNECTIONS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Roots and Affixes
Chinua Achebe (1930–2013), the son of a Christian minister, was one of
Nigeria’s most celebrated novelists. Born an Ibo in Ogidi, Nigeria, in 1930, Prediction contains the root
Achebe was educated in English. Achebe taught English at the university level dict from the Latin word dicere,
at colleges in Africa and the United States. His first and best-known novel, meaning “to tell or see.” This
Things Fall Apart, was published in 1958. Achebe wrote several novels, short root also appears in contradict,
story collections, and books of essays. dictate, and dictionary. The
prefix pre- means “before.” The
suffix -ion indicates that the
word is a noun.
1. As you examine the cover and epigraph of Things Fall Apart, what predictions
can you make about the novel? Consider the title. To what “things” might
Achebe be referring?
Literary Terms
An epigraph is a phrase,
quotation, or poem that is
2. Copy the following names and pronunciations onto a blank bookmark supplied set at the beginning of a
by your teacher. Things Fall Apart focuses on a culture that may be unfamiliar document or component.
to you. Even though the novel is written in English, the author uses words and An epigraph may help
phrases from his native Ibo language. Review the glossary at the back of the direct the reader to the
novel. Add additional words and definitions to your bookmark as you read. author’s purpose or theme.
Consider including: chi, ilo, nza, and obi.
d.
e
erv My Notes
s
e
hts r Achebe (Ah-chay-bay) Nwoye (Nuh-woh-yeh)
g
All ri Chinua ( Chin-oo-ah) Ojiubo (Oh-jee-ooh-boh)
d.
oar Ekwefi (Eh-kweh-fee) Okonkwo (Oh-kawn-kwoh)
B
e
eg Ezinma (Eh-zeen-mah) Umuofia (Oo-moo-oh-fee-ah)
oll
C
8 Ikemefuna (Ee-keh-meh-foo-nah) Unoka (Ooh-no-kah)
1
0
2
© Obierika (Oh-bee-air-ee-kah)
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ACTIVITY 3.4
continued
3. Work with a group to review the Ibo words and their definitions below, and then
place the words into the appropriate section of the Culture Wheel organizer
that follows.
Glossary of Selected Ibo Words and Phrases*
agbala woman; also used for a man who has taken no title
ani Earth goddess
chi personal god
efulefu worthless man
egwugwu masquerader who impersonates one of the ancestral spirits of the village
ekwe type of drum made from wood
foo foo food made from yams that serves a chief role in the annual Feast of the New Yam
ilo the village green where assemblies for sports, discussions, and so on take place
iyi-uwa a special kind of stone that forms the link between an ogbanje and the spirit world (Only if the iyi-
uwa were discovered and destroyed would the child not die.)
jigida string of waist beads worn by women
kola nut food used to greet visitors and guests
kwenu shout of approval and greeting
ilo village playground
Ndichie elders
d.
e
v
obi large living quarters of the head of the family ser
e
s r
ht
ochu murder or manslaughter g
All ri
ogbanje changeling; a child who repeatedly dies and returns to its mother to be reborn ard.
o
B
e
ogene musical instrument; a kind of gong g
e
oll
C
osu outcast (Having been dedicated to a god, the osu was taboo and not allowed to mix with the 18
0
2
freeborn in any way.) ©
oye one of the four market days
palm wine fermented palm sap used for celebration and ceremony
udu musical instrument; a type of drum made from pottery
yam most valuable cash crop grown in the village
*Source: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe (London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1958).
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