Cultural Politics and the Transatlantic Divide over GMOs This page intentionally left blank Cultural Politics and the Transatlantic Divide over GMOs Hannes R. Stephan LecturerinEnvironmentalPoliticsandPolicy,UniversityofStirling,UK ©HannesR.Stephan2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-0-230-28457-9 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-32970-0 ISBN 978-1-137-31472-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137314727 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Stephan,HannesR.,1978–author. CulturalpoliticsandtheGMOdivide:culturesofnature/ HannesR.Stephan,lecturerinEnvironmentalPoliticsandPolicy, UniversityofStirling,UK. pages cm 1. Transgenicorganisms—Governmentpolicy. 2. Transgenic organisms—Publicopinions. 3. Transgenicorganisms— Environmentalaspects. I. Title. QH442.6.S742015 381(cid:2).41—dc23 2014029667 To Setareh This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofTables viii Acknowledgements ix ListofAbbreviations x Introduction 1 1 OverviewofRegulatoryFrameworksandPublicOpinion 13 2 PerspectivesonRegulatoryDivergence 40 3 TheorisingCultureandNature 68 4 CulturalPoliticsandResistancetoGMOs 95 5 EnvironmentalHistory:Nature,Landscapes,andIdentities 132 6 Agri-CulturalandCulinaryIdentities 178 Conclusion 214 Notes 222 Bibliography 226 Index 249 vii Tables 1.1 Overviewofagencyresponsibilities 15 1.2 CoreaspectsofEUbiotechnologyregulation 24 viii Acknowledgements TheauthorgratefullyacknowledgesthepermissiongrantedbyMITPress tore-usematerialthathasappearedinanearlierjournalarticleentitled ‘RevisitingtheTransatlanticDivergenceoverGMOs:TowardaCultural- Political Analysis’. The article was published in 2012 in the journal GlobalEnvironmentalPolitics,Vol.12,No.4,pp.104–124. ix