Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health This is one of the most engaging, thorough and practical books on Latino/a Mental Health. –Martin La Roche, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, USA Superb! Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health is a must read for anyone interested in Latinas/os. Hector Adames and Nayeli Chavez-Dueñas weave psychological theory, research, and practice into a healing arpillera. This invaluable book is a timely and essen- tial contribution to the field. –Lillian Comas-Díaz, Executive Director & Clinical Professor, George Washington University School of Medicine and Transcultural Mental Health Institute, USA This book offers a major contribution to understanding and effectively working with Latino/a students, families and mental health clients. It presents an excellent history of the journey of Latinos/a in the United States and their ability to maintain hope, dignity and connection to the past and future. The authors offer a powerful discussion of the role of skin color in Latino/a ethnic and cultural identity. –Joseph L. White, Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, USA Advancing work to effectively study, understand, and serve the fastest-growing U.S. ethnic minority population, this volume explicitly emphasizes the racial and ethnic diversity within this heterogeneous cultural group. The focus is on the complex his- torical roots of contemporary Latinos/as, their diversity in skin color and physiog- nomy, racial identity, ethnic identity, gender differences, immigration patterns, and acculturation. The work highlights how the complexities inherent in the diverse Latino/a experience, as specified throughout the topics covered in this volume, become critical elements of culturally responsive and racially conscious mental health treatment approaches. By addressing the complexities, within-group differences, and racial heterogeneity characteristic of U.S. Latinos/as, this volume makes a significant contribution to the literature related to mental health treatments and interventions. Hector Y. Adames is Associate Professor and Neuropsychologist at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology, USA. Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas is Associate Professor and Clinical Psychologist at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology, USA. Explorations in Mental Health Series For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com Books in this series The Philosophy, Theory and Methods of J. L. Moreno The Man Who Tried to Become God John Nolte Psychological Approaches to Understanding and Treating Auditory Hallucinations From theory to therapy Edited by Mark Hayward, Clara Strauss and Simon McCarthy-Jones Primitive Expression and Dance Therapy When dancing heals France Schott-Billmann A Theory-based Approach to Art Therapy Implications for teaching, research and practice Ephrat Huss The Interactive World of Severe Mental Illness Case Studies from the U.S. Mental Health System Diana J. Semmelhack, Larry Ende, Arthur Freeman, and Clive Hazell with Colleen L. Barron and Garry L. Treft Therapeutic Assessment and Intervention in Childcare Legal Proceedings Engaging families in successful rehabilitation Mike Davies Trauma, Survival and Resilience in War Zones The psychological impact of war in Sierra Leone and beyond David A. Winter, Rachel Brown, Stephanie Goins and Clare Mason Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health History, Theory, and Within-Group Differences Hector Y. Adames and Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health History, Theory, and Within-Group Differences Hector Y. Adames and Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Taylor & Francis The right of Hector Y. Adames and Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him/her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Names: Adames, Hector Y., author. | Chavez-Dueñas, Nayeli Y., author. Title: Cultural foundations & interventions in Latino/a mental health : history, theory, and within group differences / by Hector Y. Adames and Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas. Other titles: Cultural foundations and interventions in Latino/a mental health | Explorations in mental health series. Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Explorations in mental health series | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2016008909 | ISBN 9781138851535 (hbk) | ISBN 9781315724058 (ebk) Subjects: | MESH: Hispanic Americans—psychology | Hispanic Americans—ethnology | Mental Health—ethnology | Mental Health Services | Culture | United States—ethnology Classification: LCC RC451.5.H57 | NLM WA 305 AA1 | DDC 616.89008968/073—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016008909 ISBN: 978-1-138-85153-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-72405-8 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC To all those who continue to resist and defy oppression by creating their own narratives. . . This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Foreword: Dr. Patricia Arredondo xiii Acknowledgments xvii Preface xxi PART I Sociocultural Foundations 1 1 The Diverse Historical Roots of Today’s Latinos/as: Learning From Our Past to Move Into the Future 3 2 Skin-Color Differences Within Latinos/as: Historical and Contemporary Implications of Colorism 32 3 The History of Latinos/as in the United States: Journeys of Hope, Struggle, and Resilience 53 PART II Understanding Within-Group Latino/a Differences 79 4 Sociohistorical Construction of Latina/o Gender Ideologies: Integrating Indigenous and Contemporary Perspectives into Treatment 81 5 Adapting to a New Country: Models and Theories of Acculturation Applied to the Diverse Latino/a Population 113 6 Skin Color Matters: Toward a New Framework That Considers Racial and Ethnic Identity Development Among Latinos/as 131 viii Contents PART III Culturally Responsive and Racially Conscious Clinical Practice With Latinos/as 163 7 Toward a Complex Understanding of Mental Health Service Utilization Among Latinos/as: Considering Context, Power, and Within-Group Differences 165 8 Roots of Connectedness: Application of Latino/a Cultural Values in Mental Health Care 177 9 Culturally Responsive and Racially Conscious Mental Health Approaches With Latinos/as 197 PART IV The Impact of Latino/a Psychology on Racially and Ethnically Diverse Students and Professionals 223 10 The Impact of Latino/a Psychology on Racially and Ethnically Diverse Students and Professionals 225 Index 245 Tables 1.1 The Seven Psychological Strengths of Latinos/as 29 2.1 Concealment Strategies: A Basis for Misinformation of Latinos/as 38 2.2 Four Dimensions of Color-Blind Racial Attitudes (CoBRA) 42 2.3 Four Main Strategies to Justify or Deny Contemporary Racial Inequality 45 3.1 Measures Used to Deter Unauthorized Migration 65 3.2 Anti-Immigrant Laws, Ordinances, Programs, and Tactics 69 4.1 Core Factors Impacting Latin@ Women, Men, and Queer People in the 21st Century 103 5.1 Possible Acculturation Strategies for Nondominant Groups 118 5.2 Acculturation Expectations of Dominant Groups 118 5.3 Ecological Systems’ Impact on Acculturation 121 6.1 Jackson’s Social Identity Development Model (SIDM) for the Oppressed 137 6.2 Cross’s Racial Identity Model 140 6.3 Helms’s White Racial Identity Development Model 142 6.4 Hardiman’s Model of White Racial Identity Development 143 8.1 Application and Mapping of Latino/a Cultural Values to the Five Domains of Culture at the Deep Structural Level 178 8.2 VALOR-SH2: Less-Referenced Latino/a Cultural Values 182 9.1 Culturally and Racially Responsive Evidence-Based Practice: Treatment and Assessment Equivalence Assumptions With Latino/a Exemplars 204 9.2 A Place for Culture and Race in Psychotherapy Research and Practice With Latinos/as 208