Cuban Medical Internationalism: Origins, Evolution, and Goals PDF
Preview Cuban Medical Internationalism: Origins, Evolution, and Goals
STUDIES OF THE AMERICAS edited by James Dunkerley Institute for the Study of the Americas University of London School of Advanced Study Titles in this series are multidisciplinary studies of aspects of the societies of the hemisphere, particularly in the areas of politics, economics, history, anthropology, sociology, and the e nvironment. The series covers a comparative perspective across the Americas, including Canada and the Caribbean as well as the United States and Latin America. Titles in this series published by Palgrave Macmillan: Cuba’s Military 1990–2005: Revolutionary Soldiers during Counter-Revolutionary Times By Hal Klepak The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America Edited by Rachel Sieder, Line Schjolden, and Alan Angell Latin America: A New Interpretation By Laurence Whitehead Appropriation as Practice: Art and Identity in Argentina By Arnd Schneider America and Enlightenment Constitutionalism Edited by Gary L. McDowell and Johnathan O’Neill Vargas and Brazil: New Perspectives Edited by Jens R. Hentschke When Was Latin America Modern? Edited by Nicola Miller and Stephen Hart Debating Cuban Exceptionalism Edited by Bert Hoffman and Laurence Whitehead Caribbean Land and Development Revisited Edited by Jean Besson and Janet Momsen Cultures of the Lusophone Black Atlantic Edited by Nancy Naro, Roger Sansi-Roca and David Treece Democratization, Development, and Legality: Chile, 1831–1973 By Julio Faundez The Hispanic World and American Intellectual Life, 1820–1880 By Iván Jaksic´ The Role of Mexico’s Plural in Latin American Literary and Political Culture: From Tlatelolco to the “Philanthropic Ogre” By John King Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico Edited by Matthew Butler Reinventing Modernity in Latin America: Intellectuals Imagine the Future, 1900–1930 By Nicola Miller The Republican Party and Immigration Politics: From Proposition 187 to George W. Bush By Andrew Wroe The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration: Responding to Globalization in the Americas Edited by Diego Sánchez-Ancochea and Kenneth C. Shadlen Ronald Reagan and the 1980s Edited by Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Davies Wellbeing and Development in Peru: Local and Universal Views Confronted Edited by James Copestake The Federal Nation: Perspectives on American Federalism Edited by Iwan W. Morgan and Philip J. Davies Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 1940–1967 By Steven High Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America?: Societies and Politics at the Crossroads Edited by John Burdick, Philip Oxhorn, and Kenneth M. Roberts Visual Synergies in Fiction and Documentary Film from Latin America Edited by Miriam Haddu and Joanna Page Cuban Medical Internationalism: Origins, Evolution, and Goals By John M. Kirk and H. Michael Erisman Cuban Medical Internationalism Origins, Evolution, and Goals John M. Kirk and H. Michael Erisman CUBAN MEDICAL INTERNATIONALISM Copyright © John M. Kirk and H. Michael Erisman, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-1-4039-8372-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53914-7 ISBN 978-0-230-62222-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230622227 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kirk, John M., 1951– Cuban medical internationalism : origins, evolution, and goals / by John M. Kirk and H. Michael Erisman. p. cm.—(Studies of the Americas) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–4039–8372–5 1. Medical assistance, Cuban. 2. Medical policy—Cuba. 3. Medical care—Cuba. I. Erisman, H. Michael. II. Title. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Health Policy—history—Cuba. 2. International Cooperation—Cuba. 3. Delivery of Health Care—methods—Cuba. 4. Developing Countries—Cuba. 5. History, 20th Century—Cuba. 6. History, 21st Century—Cuba. 7. International Agencies— organization & administration—Cuba. 8. National Health Programs— organization & administration—Cuba. WZ 70 DC9 K59c 2009] RA390.C9K57 2009 362.1097291—dc22 2008039149 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: June 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables vii Preface ix 1 Introduction: Cuba as a World Medical Power 1 2 The Cuban Health Care System 25 3 Cuba’s Cold War Medical Aid Programs 59 4 Contemporary Cuban Medical Aid Programs: The General Third World Arena 97 5 Contemporary Cuban Medical Aid Programs: Latin America and the Caribbean 121 6 Toward an Understanding of Cuban Medical Internationalism 169 Notes 191 Index 219 List of Figures 1.1 Cuban GDP Growth Rates, 1989–2007 10 1.2 Share of GNP Allocated to Foreign Aid 11 1.3 Cuban Medical Personnel Overseas 12 1.4 Maternal Mortality Rates in Zones Served by Cuban Medical Teams, 1999–2003 14 4.1 Cuban Export Profile, 1987 and 1999 104 4.2 Cuban Import Profile, 1987 and 1999 105 List of Tables 1.1 Countries with Medical Schools Established by Cuban Cooperation 5 1.2 Distribution of Cuban Health Personnel Working Abroad, 1978 8 1.3 Per Capita Aid Personnel, 2007 15 3.1 Cuban Developmental Aid Personnel Abroad 68 3.2 C uban Cold War Medical Aid Programs in Africa: Starting Dates 72 3.3 Cuban Trade with Africa, 1965–1990 87 4.1 Basic Cuban Economic Indicators, 1989 and 1993 98 4.2 Cuba and the Region, Selected Indicators 100 4.3 CARICOM and Cuba Visitor Arrivals, 2000 103 4.4 Cuba’s GDP per Capita Index 106 4.5 Countries with Cuban Health Cooperation 113 4.6 Summary of Cuban Medical Aid Activities 114 4.7 Cuban Medical School Graduates, 1960–2004 115 4.8 Results of Cuba’s Comprehensive Health Care Program, November 1998–June 2004 117 4.9 Results of Cuba’s Comprehensive Health Care Program, November 1998–June 2004: Asia and Oceania 120 5.1 Cuban Export Profile, 1985–1992 122 5.2 Cuban Response to Post-2005 Natural Emergencies 127 5.3 ELAM: Enrollment by Students’ Country of Origin, 2004–2005 128 5.4 Impact of the Cuban Medical Team in Haiti, 1998–May 2007 132 5.5 Operation Miracle: Areas of Origin of Patients, and Total Number of Operation 149 This page intentionally left blank
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