Crossing Jordan: North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan

520 Pages·2007·64.226 MB·English

by  Thomas Evan Levy, P.M.Michele Daviau, Randall W. Younker

CrossingJ ordan
North American Contributions
to the Archaeologyo f Jordan
This page intentionally left blank
CrossingJ ordan
North AmericanC ontributions
to the Archaeologyo f Jordan
edited by
Thomas E. Levy, P.M. Michele Daviau,
Randall W. Younker, & May Shaer
~ ~~o~;~~n~~:up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2007 by Equinox, an imprint of Acumen
Published 2014 by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
©Thomas E. Levy, P.M. Michele Daviau, Randall W. Younker, and May Shaer 2007
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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 13: 978-1-84553-268-0 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-84553-269-7 (pbk)
Typeset and Edited by Forthcoming Publications Ltd
Contents
Prefaces
His Royal HighnessP rince El HassanB in Talal XI
Dr Fawwaza l-Khraysheh,D irector General,D epartmento f Antiquities of Jordan
X Ill
Dr BarbaraA . Porter,D irector, ACOR XV
RegionalA rchaeologicalS ite Maps of Jordan-
From Prehistoryt o the Islamic Periods XVII
THEORY
I. Thinking Globally and also Locally:
Anthropology,H istory and Archaeologyi n the Study of Jordan'sP ast
0ysteinS . LaBianca 3
HISTORY
2. The History of North AmericanA rchaeologicalR esearchin Jordan
Nancy Lapp 15
METHODOLOGIES
3. ArchaeologicalS ite Surveyingi n Jordan:
The North AmericanC ontribution
Burton MacDonald 27
4. Controlling Spacea t the Regional Level:
GeographicI nformation Systems( GIS) andJ ADIS in Jordan
StephenH . Savage 37
5. On-SiteG IS Digital Archaeology:
GIS-basedE xcavationR ecordingi n SouthernJ ordan
ThomasE . Levy and Neil G. Smith 47
6. High PrecisionR adiocarbonD ating in Jordan
ThomasH igham 59
vi CROSSING JORDAN
7. The Evolving Landscapeo f Jordan:
The Contributionso f Geoarchaeologay nd Paleoecology
Carlos E. Cordova 69
8. PastE nvironmentso f the JordanP lateau
from the Paleolakeso f the EasternD esert
Caroline Davies 79
9. Conservationa nd Preservationo f ArchaeologicalS itesi n Jordan:
ArchaeologyI nitiatives of the American Centero f Oriental Research
Pierre M. Bikai 87
REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGY-DEEP-TIMES TUDIES ACROSSJ ORDAN
10. Ancient Metal Productiona nd Social Changei n SouthernJ ordan:
The Edom Lowlands RegionalA rchaeologyP roject
and Hopef or a UNESCOW orld HeritageS ite in Faynan
ThomasE . Levy and MohammadN ajjar 97
II. How CrossingJ ordanm adet he Difference:
The Caseo f the MadabaP lains Project, 1967-2007
LawrenceT . Geraty 107
12. Tall Hisban: Palimpsesto f Greata nd Little Traditions
of Transjordana nd the Ancient NearE ast
0.5. LaBiancaa nd B. Walker 111
13. Tall ai-'Umayri throught he Ages
Larry G. Herr and DouglasR . Clark 121
14. Highlights from the Heightso f Jalul
Randall W. Younker 129
IS. The 'Iraq AI-Amir and Dhiban PlateauR egionalS urveys
Chang-HoC.J i 137
16. Investigating5 ,000Y earso f Urban History:
The Tall MadabaA rchaeologicalP roject
Timothy P. Harrison, Debra Foran, andA ndrew Graham 143
17. CrossingJ ordan:b y way of the Karak plateau
GeraldL . Mattingly and JamesH . Pace 153
18. FourA rchaeologicalS urveysi n SouthernJ ordan
Burton MacDonald 161
CONTENTS vii
PREHISTORICP ERSPECTIVES
19. Searchingfo r Neanderthalsa nd Finding Ourselves:
Researcha t Tor Faraj
Donald 0. Henry 171
20. Neanderthalsa t the Crossroads:
Middle PaleolithicS iteso n the MadabaP lateau,J ordan
Michael S. Bisson, April Nowell, Carlos E. Cordova,a nd Regina Kalchgruber 179
21. Midnight at the Oasis;T he End of the Pleistocenein Wadi al-Hasa
Nancy R. Coinmana nd DeborahI . Olszewski 187
22. Microliths and Mortuary Practices:
New Perspectiveso n the Epipalaeolithici n Northerna nd EasternJ ordan
Lisa A. Maher 195
23. Crossingt he Boundaryt o DomesticationE conomies:A CaseS tudyf rom
West-centralJ ordan
Michael P. Neeley and JaneD . Peterson 203
24. The Rediscoveryo f the Neolithic Period in Jordan
Gary 0. Rollefson and Zeidan Kafafi 211
25. Late Prehistoryi n Wadi Ziqlab, ai-Kura, Jordan:
From Sedentismt o Olive Oil Factories
E.B. Banning 219
26. Living on the Edge: Settlementa nd Abandonmentin the Dead SeaP lain
Patricia L. Fall, StevenE . Falconer,a nd Phillip C. Edwards 225
27. Is Big Really Better?L ife in the ResortC orridor-
Ghwair I, a Small but ElaborateN eolithic Communityi n SouthernJ ordan
Alan Simmonsa nd MohammadN ajjar 233
BRONZE AGE-EARLIEST URBANISM
28. Life in the EarliestW alled Towns on the DeadS eaP lain:
Bab adh-Dhra'a nd an-Numayra
R. ThomasS chauba nd Meredith S. Chesson 245
29. Deatha nd Dying on the DeadS eaP lain:
Fifa, Khirbat ai-Khanazir,a nd Bab adh-Dhra'C emeteries
Meredith S. Chessona nd R. ThomasS chaub 253
viii CROSSING JORDAN
30. Life at the Foundationo f BronzeA ge Civilization:
Agrarian Villages in the JordanV alley
StevenE . Falconer,P atriciaL . Fall, andJ enniferE . Jones 261
3 I. Khirbet lskander:A City in Collapsea t the End of the Early BronzeA ge
SuzanneR ichard andJ esseC . Long, Jr. 269
32. A LandscapeA pproacht o Craft andA gricultural Production:
Trackingt he Location of Early BronzeA ge Manufacturinga t ai-Lajjun, Jordan
JenniferE . Jones 277
33. The Early BronzeA ge City Stateso f the SouthernL evant:
NeitherC ities nor States
StephenH . Savage,S tevenE . Falconer,a nd Timothy P. Harrison 285
EARLY STATES AND THE IRON AGE
34. Independenat nd Well-Connected:
The Ammonite Territorial Kingdom in Iron Age II
P.M. Michele Daviau and Paul EugeneD ion 301
35. Shepherdsa nd Weaversi n a 'Global Economy':
Moab in Late Iron Age 11-Wadia th-ThamadP roject{ Khirbat ai-Mudayna)
P.M. Michele Daviau and Robert Chadwick 309
36. The Powero f Place:T he Dhiban Communityt hrought he Ages
Benjamin Porter,B ruce Routledge,D anielle Steen,a nd Firas al-Kawamlha 315
37. A PlaceI n-Between:K hirbat ai-Mudaynaa i-'Aiiya in the Early Iron Age
Bruce Routledgea nd Benjamin Porter 323
THE EDGE OF EMPIRE-HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN PERIOD
38. In Searcho f Hellenistic Petra:E xcavationsin the City Center
David F. Graf 333
39. Shifting Places,C hangingF aces:T he Civic Statuaryo f RomanJ ordan
Elise A. Friedland 341
40. ProjectingP owero n the Periphery:
Rome'sA rabian Frontier Easto f the DeadS ea
S. ThomasP arker 349
41. Beyond Frankincensea nd Myrrh:
Reconstructingth e Economyo f Roman' Aqaba
S. ThomasP arker 359
CONTENTS ix
NABATEAN CIVILIZATION AND ITS JORDANIAN HEARTLAND
42. Godsa nd Vineyardsa t Beidha
PatriciaM . Bikai, ChrysanthosK anellopoulos,a nd Shari Saunders 369
43. NabataeanL andscapea nd Power:
Evidencef rom the PetraG ardena nd Pool Complex
Leigh-Ann Bedal and JamesG . Schryver 375
44. Surprisesa t the GreatT emplef rom 1993 to 2006
Martha S. Joukowsky 385
45. Beyondt he Nabataeana nd RomanC ity:
Surveyingt he Centrala nd SouthernW adi 'Arabah
Andrew M. Smith II 393
46. Luxury in the Desert:A NabataeanP alatial Residencea t Wadi Ramm
DennineD udley and M. BarbaraR eeves 401
47. Torn Asunder:E arthquakesa t Qasra t-Tilah
Tina M. Niemi 409
THEOCRATIC EMPIRE-THE BYZANTINE PERIOD
48. Bioarchaeologyo f North Jordan:
A Decadeo f CooperativeA mericana nd JordanianS tudentR esearch
JeromeC . Rose,M ahmoude l-Najjar, and Dolores L. Burke 419
49. Beyondt he Rock: Petrai n the Sixth Centuryc e in the Light
of the Papyri
Robert C. Caldwell and TraianosG agos 417
50. Petra'sC hurches:T he Byzantinesa nd Beyond
Megan A. Perry and Patricia Maynor Bikai 435
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN JORDAN
51. From NabataeanK ing to Abbasid Caliph: The EnduringA ttraction
of Hawara/ai-Humaymaa, Multi-cultural Site in Arabia Petraea
John PeterO leson 447
52. From Residenceto RevolutionaryH eadquarters:
The Early Islamic Qasr and MosqueC omplexa t ai-Humayma
and its 8th-centuryC ontext
RebeccaM . Foote 457