Crop Production Guide Agri-2012 - TNAU Agritech Portal - Tamil PDF
Preview Crop Production Guide Agri-2012 - TNAU Agritech Portal - Tamil
CCRROOPP PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN GGUUIIDDEE 2012 DEPT.OF AGRICULTURE, GOVT.OF TAMIL NADU TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Chennai - 5 Coimbatore - 3 CROP PRODUCTION GUIDE - 2012 CONTENTS Crop Page No. 1 RICE 2 MILLETS Sorghum Cumbu Ragi Maize Small Millets 3 WHEAT 4 PULSES Redgram Blackgram Greengram Cowpea Horsegram Bengalgram Garden Lab lab (Avarai) Field Lab lab (Mochai) Soya bean Sword bean 5 OILSEEDS Groundnut Sesame Castor Safflower Sunflower Coconut Oilpalm Niger 6 FIBRE CROPS Cotton Jute Agave 7 SUGARCANE 8 SWEET SORGHUM 9 TROPICAL SUGARBEET 10 JATROPHA CURCAS 11 FORAGE CROPS Fodder Cholam Fodder Cumbu Fodder Maize Neelakolukattai Guinea grass Deenanath grass Cumbu Napier Hybrids Lucerne – Kudiraimasal Hedge Lucerne – Velimasal Fodder Cowpea Muyalmasal Leucaena – Soundal 12 OYSTER MUSHROOM 13 MILKY MUSHROOM 14 COMPOSTING 15 SERICULTURE 16 AGRO FORESTRY 17 INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM 18 WEEDS 19 SOIL RELATED CONSTRAINTS & THEIR MANAGEMENT 20 CHISEL TECHNOLOGY 21 SURGE IRRIGATION 22 MICRO IRRIGATION 23 AGROMETEOROLOGY 24 FARM IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY I. Land preparation implements II. Sowing implements III. Inter-cultural equipments IV. Plant Protection equipments V. Harvesting and thrashing machines VI. Other equipments 25 AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING EQUIPMENTS I. Threshing / Shelling/Decorticating/Dehusking pulping equipments II. Cleaning & Grading equipments III. Milling/Extraction equipments IV. Milling and extraction equipments V. Equipments and technology for value addition 26 BIO-ENERGY 27 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CROP IMPROVEMENT I. SEASON AND VARIETIES Zone District/Season Month Varieties I. Cauvery Delta Zone a. Thanjavur/Nagapattinam/Tiruvarur Kuruvai (Jun -Jul) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, IR 50, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, ADT (R) 48, CO 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, CR 1009, ADT 38, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, ADT (R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49,TNAU Rice ADT 50, Swarna sub1 Late Samba / Thaladi (Sep -Oct) ADT 38, ADT 39, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, ADT (R) 46, ADT (R) 49, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, CO 47,CORH 3 4. Tiruchirapalli Kuruvai (Jun -Jul) ADT 36, ASD 16, ADT 37, ASD 18, MDU 5, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, CR 1009, TRY 1*, TRY 3* ASD 19, ADT (R) 44, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50,CORH 4 Late Samba / Thaladi (Sep -Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, ADT (R)46, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, ASD 20, CO 47, CORH 3 II. North Eastern Zone a. Kanchipuram/Tiruvallur Sornavari (April -May) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, IR 50, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, ADT (R) 48, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, ADT(R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Late Samba (Sep - Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, ADT (R)46, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, CO 47,CORH 3 Rainfed direct seeded (July - Aug) MDU 5, TKM 11,PMK (R) 3, TKM (R) 12, Anna (R) 4 Semi-dry (July - Aug) TKM 10, TKM 11, TKM (R) 12, MDU 5, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 b. Vellore/Tiruvannamalai Sornavari (April-May) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, ADT 43, MDU 5, IR 50, CO47, ADT(R)45, ADT(R)47, ADT(R)48, CORH3 Samba (Aug) CR 1009, ADT 44, Bhavani, I.White Ponni, CO 43, Paiyur 1, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ADT 39, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, CO 47, CORH 3, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45 3 c. Cuddalore/ Villupuram Sornavari (April -May) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 18, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, MDU 5, IR 50, CO 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, CR 1009, ADT 38, TRY 1*, ASD 19, ADT (R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Navarai (Dec-Jan) ADT 36, ADT 39, ASD 16, ASD 18, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45, MDU 5, CO 47,CORH 3, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45 III. Western zone a. Coimbatore/Tirupur Kar (May - Jun) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, IR 50, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) CO 43, I.White Ponni, TRY 1*, TRY 3*, Bhavani, ADT(R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT 38, ADT (R) 49,TNAU Rice ADT 50 Late Samba/Thaladi (Sep - Oct) ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT(R) 46, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ASD 16, MDU 5, CO 47, ADT (R) 47,CORH 3, ADT 43, ADT 45 b. Erode Kar (May - Jun) ASD 16, ADT 36, IR 50, MDU 5, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) Bhavani, CO 43, I.White Ponni, TRY 1*, ADT (R) 44, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT 38, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Late Samba (Sep - Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, TRY 1*, ADT 38, ADT (R) 46, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Navarai (Dec – Jan) ADT 36, ASD 16, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 47,MDU 5, CORH 3 c. Karur/Perambalur/Ariyalur Kuruvai (Jun -Jul) ADT 36, ASD 16, ADT 37, ASD 18, IR 50, MDU 5, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45 (except Karur), ADT(R)47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, ADT 40, CR 1009, TRY 1*, ADT 38, ADT(R) 44, CO(R) 48, CO(R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT(R)49, TNAU Rice ADT50,Swarna Sub1, ADT(R) 46 Late Samba / Thaladi (Sep -Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, CO 43, TRY 1*, ASD 19, ADT 38, ADT (R)46, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, CO 47, ADT 43, ADT 45, CORH 3 IV. North Western Zone a. Salem/Namakkal Kar (May - Jun) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD18, MDU 5, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47,CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, Bhavani, CO 43, TRY 1*, TRY (R ) 3*, ADT (R) 44, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Navarai (Dec - Jan) ADT 36, ASD 18, ASD 19, ADT 42, MDU 5, ASD 20, CORH 3, ADT 43, ADT 45 b. Dharmapuri/ Krishnagiri Kar (May -Jun) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD18, MDU 5, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47,CORH 3 4 Samba/Late Samba (Aug - Oct) TRY 3*, Bhavani, I.White Ponni, CO 43, ADT (R) 44, ADT(R) 46, CO(R) 48, CO(R) 49, CO(R) 50, ADT(R) 49 Navarai (Dec- Jan) ADT 37, ASD 16, ADT 36, ASD 18, ADT 42, MDU 5, ASD 20, CORH 3 V. High Altitude zone a. The Nilgiris Samba (Jul -Aug) CO 43, ADT (R) 46, ADT 39, CORH 4 VI. Southern zone a. Pudukottai Kuruvai (Jun -Jul) ADT 36, ASD 16, MDU 5, CO 47, ADT 43, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, Ponmani, TRY 1, ADT (R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Late Samba/Thaladi (Sep - Oct) ADT 38, ADT 39, TRY 1*, ASD 19, CO 43, ADT (R) 46, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Rainfed direct seeded (Jul -Aug) ADT 36, TKM 10, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 Semi-dry (Jul -Aug) ADT 36, TKM 10, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 b. Madurai/Dindigul/Theni Kar (May -Jun) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, ADT 42, MDU 5, ASD 20, ADT43, CO47, ADT(R)45, ADT(R)47, CORH 3 Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, ADT (R) 46,TRY 3*, ADT (R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Late Samba/Thaladi (Sep - Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, ADT 38, ADT (R)46, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, CORH 4 Navarai (Dec -Jan) ADT 36, ADT 37, ASD 16, ASD 18, MDU 5, CORH 3 Semi-dry (Jul -Aug) MDU 5, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 c. Ramanathapuram Samba (Aug) I.White Ponni, CO 43, TRY 1*, ADT (R) 44, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49, TNAU Rice ADT 50 Rainfed direct seeded & (Jul -Aug) MDU 5, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4, RMD (R) 1 Semidry d. Virudhunagar Samba (Sep-Oct) CO 43, TRY 1, TRY 3*, ADT (R)46, ADT 39, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Rainfed direct seeded (Jul -Aug) ADT 36, MDU 5, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 e. Sivaganga Semi-dry (Jul –Aug) ADT 36, ADT 39, MDU 5, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 f. Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi Early Kar (Apr - May) ADT 36, ADT 42, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 47, ADT (R) 47, IR 50 Kar (May -Jun) ASD 16, ASD 18, IR 50, ADT 43, CO 47, ADT (R) 45, TRY (R) 2*, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Late Samba/Thaladi (Sep - Oct) I.White Ponni, ADT 39, TRY 1*, ADT (R)46, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Pishanam/Late (Sep-Oct.) ASD 18, ASD 16, CO 43, TRY 1*, ADT (R) 46, CORH 4, Pishanam CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO (R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Semi Dry (July- Aug) MDU 5, ADT 36, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3, Anna (R) 4 5 VII. High Rainfall zone a. Kanyakumari Kar (May –Jun) ADT 36, ASD 16, ASD 17, ASD 18, MDU 5, ADT 43, ADT(R) 45, CO 47, ADT (R) 47, CORH 3 Pishanam / Late Samba (Sep – Oct) I.White Ponni, CR 1009, CO 43, TRY 1*, TPS 2, TPS 3, / Thaladi ADT (R) 44, ADT 39, ASD 18, ASD 19, MDU 5, ADT (R) 46, CORH 4, CO (R) 48, CO (R) 49, CO(R) 50, ADT (R) 49 Semi-dry (Jul – Aug) ADT 36, ASD 17, TKM (R) 12, PMK (R) 3 * suitable for salt affected soils Note of Caution of the varieties: IR 50 and ADT43 are recommended for Kar, Sornavari and Kuruvai seasons and should not be grown during cold weather period. Improved White Ponni is also susceptible to blast and care should be taken on plant protection measures. All samba/late samba season varieties are likely to get infected with false smut and hence prophylactic spraying has to be adopted. II. PARTICULARS OF RICE VARIETIES PARTICULARS BHAVANI ADT 36 CO 43 Parentage Peta x BPI 76 Triveni x IR 20 Dasal x IR 20 Duration (Days) 130 - 135 110 135 - 140 Average Yield (kg/ha) 5000 4000 5200 1000 grain wt (g) 21.5 20.6 20 Grain L/B ratio 4.72 3.1 3.5 Grain type Long Slender Medium Medium slender Morphological Characters Habit Medium tall Erect Erect Leaf sheath Green Green Green Septum Cream Green Green Ligule Colourless Colourless White, longer Auricle Colourless Colourless Colourless Panicle Long compact Long compact Long drooping Husk colour Straw Straw Straw Rice colour White White White Abdominal white Absent Absent Absent Grain size (mm) Length 9.6 7.8 8.1 Breadth 2.03 2.5 2.3 Thickness 1.5 2 1.8 Seed centre, TNAU, Seed centre, TNAU, Seed centre, TNAU, Seed source Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Central Warehousing Central Warehousing Central Warehousing Marketability Corporation and Corporation and Corporation and Regulated markets Regulated markets Regulated markets 6 PARTICULARS IR 50 CR 1009 I.White Ponni IR 2153-14 X IR 28 X Pankaj x Jagannath Taichung 65/2 Parentage IR 36 Mayang Ebos-80 Duration (Days) 105 (Summer) 155 - 160 135 - 140 130 (Winter) Average Yield (kg/ha) 6000 5300 4500 1000 grain wt (g) 20.35 23.5 16.4 Grain L/B ratio 3.9 2.2 3.22 Grain type Long Slender Short bold Medium slender Morphological Characters Habit Erect Erect Medium tall Leaf sheath Green Green Green Septum Green Green Green Ligule Colourless White White Auricle Colourless Colourless Colourless Panicle Long & drooping Medium drooping Long drooping Husk colour Straw Straw Straw Rice colour White White White Abdominal white Absent Absent Absent Grain size (mm) Length 8.9 6.9 8.0 Breadth 2.3 3.1 3.0 Thickness 1.8 2.1 2.0 Seed centre, TNAU, Seed centre, TNAU, Seed centre,TNAU, Seed source Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Central Central Warehousing Central Warehousing Warehousing Marketability Corporation and Corporation and Corporation and Regulated markets Regulated markets Regulated markets PARTICULARS CO 47 ASD 16 ADT 37 Parentage IR 50 / CO 43 ADT 31/CO 39 BG 280-1 2/ PTB 33 Duration (Days) 110-115 110 - 115 105 Average Yield (kg/ha) 5832 5600 6200 1000 grain wt (g) 20.6 24.2 23.4 Grain L/B ratio 2.7 2.6 1.79 Grain type Medium slender Short Bold Short bold Morphological Characters Habit Erect Semi dwarf Semi dwarf Leaf sheath Green erect semi erect Septum Yellow Green Green Ligule Acute to acuminate, Cream White white Auricle Colourless White White Panicle Compact Colourless White Husk colour Straw Long Compact Compact Rice colour White Straw Straw Abdominal white Absent Present Present Grain size (mm) Length 7.7 7.86 5 Breadth 2.3 3.02 2.8 7 Thickness 1.7 1.96 1.88 Seed source Seed centre,TNAU, Seed centre,TNAU, Seed centre,TNAU, Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Coimbatore-3 Marketability Central Warehousing Central Warehousing Central Corporation and Corporation and Warehousing Regulated markets Regulated markets Corporation and Regulated markets PARTICULARS ADT 38 TPS 2 ADT 39 IR 1529-680-3-2/ IR Parentage 4432-52-6-4/ IR IR 26/CO 40 IR 8/IR 20 7963-30-2 Duration (Days) 130 - 135 125 - 130 120 - 125 Average Yield (kg/ha) 6200 4615 5000 1000 grain wt (g) 21 23.5 18 Grain L/B ratio 3.2 2.89 2.9 Grain type Long Slender Short Bold Medium slender Morphological Characters Habit Semi dwarf, erect Semi dwarf Semi dwarf Leaf sheath Green Green Green Septum White Cream Light Cream Ligule White Non-prominent White Papery white Auricle White White Non-pigmented Panicle Long moderately Medium Medium, Moderately dense Husk colour Straw White Straw Rice colour White White White Abdominal white Absent Present Absent Grain size (mm) Length 6.9 8.1 7.6 Breadth 2.4 2.8 2.3 Thickness 2.0 2.0 1.9 Seed centre,TNAU, Seed source Coimbatore-3 Central Central Warehousing Central Warehousing Warehousing Marketability Corporation and Corporation and Corporation and Regulated markets Regulated markets Regulated markets PARTICULARS ASD 18 MDU 4 TKM 10 Parentage ADT 31/IR 50 AC 2836/Jagannath CO 31/C22 Duration (Days) 105 - 110 120 - 125 135 Average Yield (kg/ha) 5900 5900 2563 1000 grain wt (g) 21.8 22.9 23.2 Grain L/B ratio 3.2 4 3.6 Grain type Medium slender Long slender Medium slender Morphological Characters Habit Semi dwarf(90cm) Erect, tall Semi tall Leaf sheath Pale Green Green Green Septum Light green Green Green Ligule White clefted Colourless Colourless Auricle Pale green Colourless Colourless Panicle Medium, compact Compact, Medium Compact 8
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