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1.29. 96/2: 20/7 ie, AL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ion {g@ Parks, Federal Agencies, alts tes, Lacal Governments, e Pri aaele VALU AN) SL by Pa‘ PUBLISHED BY THE CRM CELEBRATING 20 YEARS OF PUBLICATION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE C VOLUME 20 NO.7 1997 oO nte nts ISSN 1068-4999 To promote and maintain high standards for preserving and managing cultural — DEPARTMENTS EE, eon ecenee eee iestsseeeeeeenreereeeenreraversens 3 Preservation Resources 0... 0... ccc ee eee ee eee eee ees 39 ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR cunrunes eaneunen STaweanner Bulletin Board «6... 0... ee eee ee eee eee eens 44 AND PARTNERSHIPS ateatnn Mi, Gmvaneen FEATURES a The Future of the NPS History Program ... 1.6.0.0... 00. 5 | M. Greenberg Dwight T. Pitcaithley Historic House For Sale—Cuyahoga Valley's Sellback Program......... 8 PRODUCTION MANAGER Jeff Winstel Karlota M. Koester National Park Service and Army Join Forces for Historic Preservation .. .11 ADVISORS Cleo Brennan David Andrews Edor, NPS Wright Brothers Monument Restoration .....0..0..0 c.ec.e e.en s 13 Joan Bacharach Darrell Collins Museu Registrar, NPS Randall |. Biallas A Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Update ...... 6... 0.6 ccc cee eee eee 13 pony Andrew A. Kling So A Record of Accomplishments—Interview with Rowland Bowers ....... 14 John A. r+ Guidelines for Architectural Historians Testifying Hany AB u ) on the Historic Significance of Properties ................0005. 18 ontue Virginia Company Foundation Digs Fort Raleigh .................. 21 : aayy Nicholas M. Luccketti — Mace The Importance of Preserving Heritage Resources ................. 22 Cutuural Anthropologist. NPS Elizabeth M. Osenbaugh and Judy Rabinowitz = Public-Private Partnership Saves Rail Corridors for Trail Use ......... 25 Seate Historic Preservation Officer, Georg Karen Stewart Roger E. Kelly Archeologst, NPS NCPTT Grants Antoinwette t J. Lee ros eee Seen and Structures from Termites ........... 26 John Poppeliers ineerrational Litton Oficer a Se in Vernacular Earthen Architecture and Associated ee é @= —=—=—C etreea er eri e 28 Stephen A. Morris Half-Hull Ship Models SEE er, Historic Ship Designs From Our Past................ 30 Kay D. Weeks Mark Technical Writer-Editor, NPS CONSULTANTS Cover: San Rafael Church,L aC ueva, New Mexico, restored by the community, |9 96. Community mem- bers (I to r) Samuel Maestas, ida Trujillo, and Richard MartinJer.z Ph,ot o by Sam Adams, courtesy Cornerstones, Community Partnerships, Santa Fe, NM. Statements of fact and views are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect an opinion or endorsement on the part of the editors, the CRM advisors and consultants, or the National Park Service. Send articles, news items, and correspondence to the Editor, CRM (2250), U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources, 1849 C StrNWe, Waeshitngto,n, DC 20240; Ph. 202-343-3395F;a x 202-343-5260; email: <[email protected]>. 2 CRM N° 7—1997 Departments PRESERVATION RESOURCES POINT OF VIEW NCPTT STATE NEWS POINT OF land and mid-Atlantic economies, If the purpose of the VIEW and virtually every town has a National Register were simply to monument dedicated to local men flag sites for mitigation or avoid- who died in forests and fields hun- ance, then that would be a reason- Letters dreds of miles to the south. able answer. However, the The preservation strategies National Register, established 30 Dear Editor outlined in CRM’s Saving Amer- years ago by the same legislation This letter is prompted by ica’s Battlefields issue are also that gave us the Section 106 CRM's issue on Saving America’s applicable to protecting the Civil process, has become much more Battlefields (Vol. 20, No. 5). The War's remaining northern indus- than “a list of places worthy of outcome of the Civil War was trial landscape. The challenge at preservation” and archeology has determined not only on these bat- this point is convincing people become much more than it was in tlefields, but also at hundreds of that there is such a landscape, and 1966 as well. locations reflecting the industrial that loss of Civil War sites due to In a recent issue of CRM, might of the northeastern United development or neglect is not con- which honored the 30-year States. While material remains of fined just to battlefields. anniversary of the National His- the latter are still abundant, | —wWilliam R. Haase toric Preservation Act, Hester know of no effort to comprehen- Director of Planning _ Davis (1996:44) writes: sively catalog, protect or interpret Town of Ledyard, CT Without the NHPA, these cultural resources with an archeology might have eye towards the Civil War. These Nominating Archeological remained a largely esoteric sitcs—many of which are old Sites to the National Register endeavor. With the NHPA, water-powered mills and workers’ of Historic Places: archeology has been trans- homes—are threatened by demoli- at’s the Point? formed into “public archeol- tion for new housing development ogy,” and has changed the The National Register of or by neglect and arson as modern future of the past forever. Historic Places, kept by the industry out-migrates from this We archeologists often National Park Service, is “the offi- portion of our country. behave as if we can have our cial list of the Nation's cultural While the Springfield choice of both worlds. We seem to resources worthy of preservation” Armory National Historic Site pos- want the control and secrecy that (NPS n.d.). Only about 7% of the sesses excellent exhibits, and the an esoteric endeavor allows, but nearly 67,000 properties listed on newly established Quinebaug/ we also want public interest and the National Register are archeo- Shetucket and Blackstone River knowledge and the public law that logical sites. Does this under rep- Valley National Heritage Corri- supports much of the work we resentation matter? dors contain numerous mills now do. What is the point of listing (mostly in private ownership) that If a site is determined eligi- archeological sites in the National produced everything from rifles ble and is going to be effected by a Register of Historic Places? Many and heavy cannon to soldier's uni- federal undertaking, then gener- archeologists will answer quickly forms, the interpretive focus is on ally it is either avoided or the that there is no point in going to the industrial revolution, not the effect is mitigated by a “dig and the trouble of preparing a nomina- Civil War. One can visit a preemi- destroy” data recovery excavation. tion and working with a Historic nent maritime museum in Mystic, If avoided, a site is a perfect can- Preservation Officer to nominate Connecticut but never realize that didate for nomination to the it. Under ection 106 of the this town’s shipyards built more National Register, but that hap- National Historic Preservation gunboats for the Union coastal pens too rarely. Consider that last Act, the same protection is pro- blockade and more whalers to fuel vided for a site that is determined °2" the Register received just the Northern war effort than any elivible for listine as for one that is °v" 1,500 nominations while other community in New England. el a about 12,000 properties were actually listed. The Civil War was an all-consum- determined eligible by the States ing effort, driving the New Eng- (NPS 1997). CRM N2 7—1997 No national database of Has meaning that far Silences enter the properties determined to be eligi- transcends an honor roll of sig- process of historical production ble is available; often that informa- nificant places . . . National at four crucial moments: the tion remains buried in survey Register documentation of his- moment of fact creation (the reports or office memos. That is, it toric properties becomes part of making of sources); the virtually disappears. When infor- a national database and moment of fact assembly (the mation on sites disappears, it research resource available for making of archives); the becomes inaccessible to the public planning, management, re- moment of fact retrieval (the and that loss tugs archeology back search, education, and _ inter- making of narratives); and the into the esoteric endeavor it once pretation. Listing furnishes moment of retrospective signif- was. authentication of the worth of a icance (the making of history in Not an archeologist working historic place and often influ- the final instance). in this country today is unaware ences a community's attitude Historic preservation may that the “public” has become toward its heritage. create silence at several of these exceptionally important to archeol- Perhaps the final point is moments, but particularly in the Ogy: we are anxious to “educate” most important: listing in the Reg- preserving of an archive of our the public, to share ihe excitement ister serves to authenticate the physical surroundings. The and discoveries of the discipline; worth of a historic place. It is this National Register, as an official we are eager to point out the pub- authentication that gives the Regis- list, is both an archive and a col- lic benefits of our discipline, to ter power in public perception. lection of narratives. The silences reveal the wrongheadedness of The preamble to the therefore are compounded as his- those who would profit from the National Historic Preservation Act tories are made from these build- plunder of sites and the sales of states that: ing blocks. artifacts; we want to protect arche- ... the historical and cul- Archeologists may nominate ological resources and the legisla- tural foundations of the sites as a way to confront the tion which addresses them and we Nation should be preserved as silence of important parts of the want the public's help in doing so. a living part of our community past. Archeological sites listed and We have been quite successful at life and development in order therefore acknowledged as “places enlisting the public’s support. But to give a sense of orientation important in American history” are we are not using an important tool to the American people. then available to contribute to the at our disposal. I have become I think that the implication is creation of public memory. convinced that archeologists clear that the list of significant Peter Fowler (1981:67) undervalue and under use the places is meant to be representa- writes that, for the public, a few National Register, which has tive of Ameri.an history. It strikes generations are easier to under- become an essential component of me that archeological resources stand than the distant past. Most the public memory. * might account for more than 7% of people's sense of the past probably I believe that it is relatively actual historic places and should does not extend beyond a few gen- recently that the Register has taken have a higher representation on erations. Consequently, he argues, on a role as an essential compo- this official list. I don’t claim to archeology’s single most important nent of public memory in the know what an ideal proportion contribution to society may be a United States. Part of the reason it might be, but consider that history sense of perspective in time. has done so is that it is now avail- before European exploration and Archeology, therefore, ex- able as a searchable and useable settlement lasted at least 20 times tends the past deeply. It may database. Now statistics can be as long as history after that settle- counter the modern cognitive time compiled and used. ment began. Many categories of line that compresses 500 geneta- The introductory materials to post-contact sites are under repre- tions into a single word: “prehis- early editions of the National Reg- sentcd as well. Historic properties tory.” Perhaps archeology also ister book provide little context on associated with poor and minority serves to extend our common how the list might be used or per- Americans often may survive only understanding of heritage—of sig- ceived, although the bicentennial as archeological sites. The dearth nificant pasts and places— beyond edition applauds the “evolution” of of archeological listi:gs results in a the elite and carefully curated historic preservation from elitism deafening silence: a gap in the buildings, to a common past in to expanded representation. It is national memory. which all of our ancestors played a not until the latest edition pub- In his book Silencing the part. lished in 1994 (which I believe is Past, anthropologist Michel-Rolph Currently, we have a process the 10th edition) that the anony- Trouillot analyzes some ways that through which many sites that are mous authors (NPS 1994:viii, ix) historical narratives silence certain eligible for listing in the National of the introduction write that List- aspects of the past. He writes Register are not listed but are ing in the National Register: (Trouillot 1995:26): —continued page 39 CRM N2 7—1997 Dwight T. Pitcaithley The Future of the NPS History Program he presentation of history in public Chatelain and his fellow historians (at that time, settings has recently been the sub- the few historians in the NPS were all men) ject of great debate in this country. focused on establishing a role for history within The conceptualization of museum the agency, developing historic preservation stan- exhibits at the Smithsonian Institution and the dards, and dealing with the crushing demands of Library of Congress prompted a flurry of newspa- the New Deal programs. They had to define that per, magazine, and television coverage; the devel- role in the shadow of Colonial Williamsburg, opment of standards for the exploration of history which was successfully setting a new standard for in the public schools drew significant criticism; the entire concept of historic preservation. federal funding of cultural programs by the Evidence suggests that the program skillfully com- National Endowments prompted extensive debate bined historic preservation issues—philosophical within Congress. At the same time, the National and practical—with quality research for resource Park Service has reorganized and decentralized; management -ind interpretive purposes. and, in the process, fundamentally altered its Following the enactment of the National approach to managing the national park system. Historic Preservation Act of 1966, which consider- The NPS must now decide how its history pro- ably broadened the definition of preservation gram can besi respond to these changing cultural throughout the country, NPS historians assumed a and organizational conditions. leading role in the agency's Section 106 compli- There is reason to be optimistic that the NPS ance responsibilities. The signing by President can and will take advantage of opportunities that Nixon of Executive Order 11593 in May 1971, were not available earlier. As Chief Historian (and requiring federal agencies to locate, document, a 20-year employee of the National Park Service), and carefully attend to their historic properties, I am mindful that, while the agency has a long tra- further moved the history program in the direction dition of excellence in preservation and education of legislative compliance and cultural resource that is emulated in local, state, and private historic management (CRM). This focus on the CRM sites, our system is not perfect. There are many aspects of historic preservation resulted, over time, areas that can be refined and strengthened. in a gradual separation of the history program My thoughts on the future direction of the from issues dealing with the interpretation of his- program are grounded in my conviction that the tory and of historic places. Many, if not most, his- study of history is not only relevant to contempo- tory research projects following 1966 were rary society, but essential if we are to understand designed to provide information for the physical our current condition and create a future based on preservation (or restoration and reconstruction) of knowledge and wisdom. To be meaningful, history historic sites, rather than for the interpretation of must be examined totally—the uncomfortable those sites to the public. Even though much, if not along with the comfortable, the complex along most, of that research could have been used for with the simple, the controversial along with the educational purposes, the perception was that it inspirational. We cannot learn from the past had been designed for other purposes. The conse- unless we explore it in its entirety. quence of that estrangement between the history In its 65-year history, the National Park and interpretation programs was that “historians” Service’s history program has undergone signifi- in the National Park Service became involved cant change. Starting with the hiring of Verne almost exclusively in CRM, and “interpreters” Chatelain in 1931 as the first Chief Historian, the (although many had, and have, academic back- direction and emphasis of the program has grounds in history) designed and implemented the evolved with the changing requirements of the NPS's educational programs. times. Chatelain was first assigned to the Division The reorganization and re-engineering of the of Education under the direction of Harold C. National Park Service over the past two years has Bryant, but quickly won support for the creation of once again required the history program to reeval- the Branch of Historic Sites and Buildings. uate its purpose and examine its roie within this CRM N2 7—1997 new organizational and philosophical structure. of American Historians has greatly expanded its Several factors, internal and external, have influ- interest in public history, as evidenced by the enced this process. The Vail Agenda (1992) calls addition of film and exhibit reviews in its journal, for heightened professionalism in all of the NPS's as well as the creation of both a Public History programs and specifically recommends creating “a and National Park Service committee, the latter greater appreciation for research and scholarly chaired presently by Gary Nash from the activity.” At the same time, it recognizes that our University of California at Los Angeles. understanding of the past is not static, but rather This new organizational and professional “an evolving mosaic, crafted anew by each succes- environment requires a new direction for history— sive generation.” As historians know, these are not one that takes advantage of the many oppor‘uni- profound thoughts. They do, however, represent a ties presently available for strengthening the pro- fundamental shift in approach for an agency that gram throughout the NPS. This new emphasis is has not, at times, appreciated the basic nature and based on two fundamental thoughts: the necessity evolution of thought within the field of historical for the history program, in all its manifestations, inquiry. to renew its links with the historical profession In 1993, at the request of Congress, the and its standards and processes; and the impor- National Park Service joined the Organization of tance of the inherent and appropriate connection American Historians (OAH) in reconceptualizing between the ongoing pursuit of historical knowl- the NPS thematic framework for history and pre- edge and the NPS's interpretive and education history. Originally designed during the 1930s, the responsibilities. This new emphasis is critical if framework had been modified over the years, but the NPS is to foster a renewed intellectual vitality in relatively minor ways. The resulting work for its educational programs and play a more group, consisting of NPS historians and scholars meaningful role in public education. Many of the from outside the NPS and chaired by Dr. Page following ideas are not new; what is different is Miller, completely revised the existing framework that they need to become a regular and consistent and brought the NPS's outline for history in line part of the agency's way of doing business. They with current scholarship. need to be institutionalized. Recognizing the benefits that come from Over the past 25 to 30 years, as the NPS working closely with academic partners, Director defined its history program within the developing Roger G. Kennedy, in late 1993, asked the field of cultural resource management, it largely National Park System Advisory Board to create a lost contact with the profession of history outside humanities subcommittee that would make recom- the agency, and lost the sense that such contact mendations for improving the NPS’s history and was important. A renewed emphasis on profes- archeology programs. Chaired by James O. Horton sionalism is significant. It implies an acceptance of of The George Washington University, the commit- the need for all historians (including those tee consisted of Frederick Hoxie, Raymond engaged in the interpretation of history) to attend Aresenault, Lois Horton, Laurence Glasco, Alan professional conferences and participate in the Kraut, Marie Tyler-McGraw, and Holly Robinson, discussion that historians have about the past. For and an equal number of NPS historians and some, due to lack of travel funds, participation archeologists. Written in February 1994 and may be limited to following the discussion in the adopted by the Advisory Board the following many historical journals that regularly deal with month, Humanities and the National Parks: issues relevant to NPS sites. (The OAH recently Adapting to Change identifies ways to strengthen offered all parks an opportunity to subscribe to the the environment for education within the National Journal of American History at a greatly reduced Park Service. Its recommendations are designed to rate.) Subscription to journals is the most inexpen- strengthen NPS research and scholarship in the sive way of keeping current with ever-changing parks, encourage the professional development of historical scholarship. its people, and help the agency reach a national Professionalism also means that all historical audience more effectively with the story of the research should be reviewed not only within the parks. NPS, but outside by scholars knowledgeable in the Finally—but equally important—the histori- field. More NPS research should be submitted for cal profession itself has become more interested in publication in historical journals. Publication and the public presentation of the past. The rise of a consistent peer-review process not only demon- “public history” as a legitimate branch of the pro- strate that the research has met the standards of fession, complete with its own organization, has the profession, but also—and more important— prompted much greater interaction between the results in higher-quality products. My office is cur- academy and historians who work in more public rently exploring ways that would permit NPS settings. Over the last 10 years, the Organization 6 CRM N2 7—1997 research to be published by academic presses at scholars outside the NPS, my office sponsored a less expense to the agency. one-day workshop during the Western History As the National Park Service strengthens its Association meeting in October 1995, to explore educational role, it should also reassess the new directions in Western history. Spinoff work- responsibilities of various offices in contributing to shops were subsequently held at Lyndon B. a revitalized educational program. In this, the last Johnson National Historical Park, Carlsbad uecade of the 20th century, American historiogra- Caverns National Park, and Fort Laramie National phy is a most exciting and ever-changing field of Historic Site. A similar workshop was held in June inquiry. Western history, in particular, has com- 1996 during the Berkshire Conference on Women's pletely transformed itself within the last decade. History in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Likewise, scholarship over the past 25 years in Through an agreement with the Organization such areas as women’s history and ethnic history of American Historians, we sponsored a major has greatly influenced the manner in which we conference on U.S. Grant at Columbia University, view the historical developinent of contemporary and Antietam National Battlefield convened a society. If the National Park Service is going to three-day interpretive workshop involving three contribute to the public discussion about the past, nationally-recognized historians and museum spe- its interpretive planning and design functions must cialists. The 1996 National History Day contest recognize evolving historical ideas and debates was partly sponsored by the National Park and engage those debates responsibly. This is fun- Service. In 1996, the National Park Service joined damental to the NPS's role in public education. other sponsors of Colonial Williamsburg’s Seminar In the future, interpretive materials, perforce, for Historical Administration which has trained will be less omniscient in their approach and will historic site managers for over 35 years (see pp. Suggest a greater sense of the complexity of the 36-37). past. Plantations, for example, of which the NPS These and other projects and initiatives are has more than a few, will be interpreted from at designed to expand the opportunities for NPS per- least two perspectives: the owner's and the slave's. sonnel to gather with historians of all kinds to pur- History does not possess only one truth, but rather sue common goals. Scholars have recognized for many truths—and we contribute to the public’s some time that the search for historical truth is not knowledge about history, and the special places a solitary pursuit. It is best conducted in forums we manage, by presenting a past with multiple that allow continual discussion about and ques- views and differing, even conflicting, interpreta- tioning of historical presumptions, and reassess- tions. In addition, just as historical research ment of presumed truths. Through its education should undergo rigorous peer review, so should mandate, anchored in the 1935 Historic Sites Act, interpretive programs and products. With the the National Park Service has an obligation to pre- availability of new scholarship and exciting ways sent to the American public a history that pro- of presenting it, it is no longer acceptable to be motes an understanding of the complexity of his- satisfied with merely “getting the facts right.” torical causation, the perils of historical Some aspects of this new emphasis in our stereotypes, and the relationship between past work have already been implemented. On June 28, events and contemporary conditions. By recogniz- 1996, six National Park Service employees coming and exercising its appropriate role within the pleted a four-week seminar on the history of the historical and educational professions, the American Indian at the Newberry Library in National Park Service can promote a better public Chicago. Envisioned as the first of five seminars understanding of this country’s past within the that will be held annually in coming years, the dual contexts of historic properties and a national gathering joined academic scholars, American education program. Indian historians, and NPS historians, ethnogra- phers, and interpreters in an intensive period of Dwight T. Pitcaithley is Chief Historian of the study. A successful request to the Cultural National Park Service. This article was originally Resource Training Initiative (CRTI) fund resulted published in Forum, the journal of the George in all expenses being paid through a grant. With Wright Society. the intent of further linking NPS employees with CRM N2 7—1997 Jeff Winstel Historic House For Sale Cuyahoga Valley’s Sellback Program he Cuyahoga Valley National maintenance work, such as repair in kind, repaint- Recreation Area has developed a ing or refinishing—provided such maintenance or Sellback with Restrictive Covenant repair in kind will not change the physical Program to help with the preserva- improvements as they exist on the date of the tion of the valley's historic buildings and commu- deed. nities. This application of the National Park Prohibiting ground disturbance or excava- Service's sellback regulations (36 CFR 17), in tion on designated archeological sites and excava- combination with a preservation covenant, is tion or grading more than 12" in depth throughout being used for an open-market, bid-sale real the premises protects the site’s archeological estate offering. The “sellback” approach enables resources. Requiring maintenance of identified the Service to preserve historically-significant vintage cultivers and limiting screen or perimeter resources within viable communities, as part of a planting to 3’ in height protects the cultural laind- living cultural landscape. The program does not scape values of the property. To retain the historic require the Service to act as landlord. Given that scale and character of the district, the park service these buildings have no identified programmatic provides technical assistance to property owners use, the “sellback” strategy allows the Service to who wish to plant new vegetation. focus agency involvement on building and com- Stewardship responsibilities continue after munity preservation. the property has been sold. A recommended main- CovenantA s Cultural Resource Management tenance schedule is attached to the covenant. The Research, the first step in cultural resource National Park Service reviews proposed alter- management, is particularly critical for the sell- ations for compliance with the Secretary of the back program. Identifying and assessing the signif- Interior's Standards. National Park Service staff icance of historic elements enables the covenant, and the property owners meet annually to discuss and the Service, to preserve the distinctive fea- future plans and past problems. If the property is tures that make a property historically significant. going to be sold, the property owner notifies the Subject matter specialists including historians, his- Covenantee. The Covenantee then has the right to torical architects, and historical landscape archi- explain the terms and conditions of the covenant tects inspect a building’s interior, exterior, and cur- to the new owner. These provisions allow for the tilage. Archeologists perform shovel tests of the use and enjoyment of the resource while reducing site and investigate the archeological potential of negative impacts. the area. Additionally, a natural resource value First Sellback Offer assessment is done prior to the sale offering. Boston Village is a viable community, with Planning for the resource—determining how much of the property remaining iii private owner- to best care for the resources while allowing the ship and on the local tax rolls. The preservation public to erioy them—is addressed in the terms covenant approach allows the community to and conditions of the restrictive covenant. Any remain dynamic by retaining their local tax base. proposed alteration to the exterior, grounds, or This approach also represents the most cost-effec- rooms that retain historic integrity must meet the tive means for the National Park Service to protect Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines the interests in the property necessary to meet for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. The covenant management objectives. defines alterations as changes to the surface of Regional review of the covenant provided a any improvements including the architectural variety of responses ranging from commendation style, general design, and floor plan, the kind and for developing an innovative approach to concerns texture of building materials, and the type and over specific legal issues. The Lands Division style of features, such as doors, windows, and requested that a reverter clause be added, which trim. Alterations include construction, reconstruc- would return the property to government owner- tion, improvements, enlargement, alterations, ship if the property owner violated the conditions demolition, or repair. The Service does not review or terms of the covenant. Park management 8 CRM N2 7—1997 thought a reverter clause was unnecessary, due to If so, how would this effect the appraised value of the following Covenantee’s Remedies: the property with the restrictive covenant? Representatives of the Covenantee may, The Secretary's Standards do not mandate following reasonable notice to Covenantor, or even advocate the use of historic materials for correct any such violation, and hold repair. Often historic materials come from other Covenantor, its successors, and assigns, buildings, which results in a false sense of historic responsible for the cost thereof. Such cost development. If the building burned, the property until repaid shall constitute a lien on the owner may repair or reconstruct—provided the Property. Covenantor determines a restoration or recon- Additional language in the covenant states: struction would serve the purpose and intent of The Covenantor shall immediately dis- the covenant, which, as stated in the 1974 federal charge any liens or claim of liens filed enabling legislation, is to preserve the historic fea- against the property including those tures of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation against any work done by the Covenantee Area. or any that would have priority over any Park management extensively marketed the of the rights, title, or interests hereunder of 1836 Conger/Jackson House, its initial sellback Covenantor. offering, with the help of a local Realtor. Beyond The issue of casualty damage and replace- the required listing in the Federal Register and ment raised concerns that were largely a product local paper, notification of the offering was pub- of confusion over the Secretary's Standards. lished in the Multiple Property Listings and four Would the Service expect the property owner to open houses were held. Interviews of park offi- use historic material to repair any damages to the cials regarding the bid sale appeared on local tele- building? If the property burned, would the vision and in local newspapers. Park officials and Service allow the owner to replace the structure? the Realtor showed the house and answered ques- Inm ah de eneet ngensted tows hase 1836 Houasc onterib,uti ng government od eee Ts ¢ Ket Les minimal rehabilewaotrki oonnt h e Hide WieG k eheted suber thec astes inate dive re ver ey eh eo ce t CRM N2& 7—1997 tions about the restrictive covenant. More than money submission be 10%, not 1% of the 180 people attended the open houses. appraised value. An aspect of the sellback authorizing legisla- The final compromise language requires bids tion that proved unrealistic was the requirement to be accompanied by earnest money equal to 2% that all bids be submitted in full in the form of a of the appraised value or $2,500, whichever is money order, cash, or cashier’s check. Because of greater, and forfeiture of $1,000 of the earnest this requirement, no bids were submitted. No money if the Service does not receive the balance major lending institution would lend money to within 45 days. According to the author of the reg- only submit a bid. The future success of the pro- ulation change, CUVA Superintendent, John P. gram seemed contingent on revising 36 CFR Part Debo Jr., “the $2,500 amount will have the effect 17 Conveyance of Freehold and Leasehold of maximizing the number of bidders, while the Interests. $1,000 forfeiture amount will ensure that bidders Changing The Regulation have a high de: :ee of certainty of their ability to The Cuyahoga Valley NRA submitted a pro- _— obtain financi_ 2.” posed regulation change that would allow bids to be accompanied by earnest money equivalent to Jeff Winstel, AICP, is a cultural resource manage- 1% of the appraised value or $1,000, whichever is ment specialist (historian) with the Technical greater, with the balance due within 45 days of Assistance and Professional Services Division in the award. The regional solicitor approved and Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, forwarded this change to the National Park Brecksville, Ohio. For information, call Service Ranger Activities office in Washington. 216-526-5256. The Washington office requested that the earnest — ~ ir = neil — ww y ngr esource int he Boston Mills Historic District, the S & H het Senn rw ng, or jonS aab ebapurad aubainne > saaneeaeuee on sive options be guingy euroctive, Athough thisi s0 relatively new cpa on ot . ape tapea ada od 10 CRM N2 7—1997