Critical care secrets

564 Pages·2019·20.922 MB·English

by  Renee Doney Stapleton (editor), Lorenzo Berra (editor), Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish (editor), Polly E. Parsons (editor)

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2015v1.0
CRITICAL CARE
SIXTH EDITION
POLLY E. PARSONS, MD RENEE D. STAPLETON, MD, PHD
E. L. Amidon Professor and Chair of Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine University of Vermont, Larner College
Robert Larner College of Medicine at of Medicine
the University of Vermont Burlington, VT
Burlington, VT
LORENZO BERRA, MD
JEANINE P. WIENER-KRONISH, MD Anesthesiologist and Critical Care
Henry Isaiah Dorr, Professor of Physician
Research and Teaching in Department of Anesthesia, Critical
Anesthetics and Anesthesia Care and Pain Medicine,
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Medical Director of Respiratory Care
Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital;
Harvard Medical School; Assistant Professor
Anesthetist-in-Chief Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA
Boston, MA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CRITICAL CARE SECRETS, SIXTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-32351064-6
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about
the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in
the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.
To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for
any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise,
or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material
herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2013, 2007, 2003, 1998 and 1992.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Parsons, Polly E., 1954-editor. | Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P., 1951-editor. | Stapleton, Renee Doney,
editor. | Berra, Lorenzo, editor.
Title: Critical care secrets / [edited by] Polly E. Parsons, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, Renee D. Stapleton,
Lorenzo Berra.
Other titles: Secrets series.
Description: Sixth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2019] | Series: Secrets series | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017061385| ISBN 9780323510646 (pbk.) | ISBN 9780323527897 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Critical Care | Examination Questions
Classification: LCC RC86.9 | NLM WX 18.2 | DDC 616.02/8—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2017061385
Content Strategist: James Merritt
Content Development Specialist: Meghan B. Andress
Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni
Project Manager: Beula Christopher
Design Direction: Bridget Hoette
Printed in United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To our spouses Jim, Daniel, and Jonathan, and to all our colleagues in
the ICU, as well as our patients, students, residents, and fellows.
This book is dedicated to the patients that we have had the privilege
to care for, to the ICU nurses who have been so important in the
care of the patients, and to the medical students, residents, and
fellows who have helped in caring for all the patients. Thank you
all for allowing us to work and be with you.
Polly E. Parsons, MD
Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, MD
Renee D. Stapleton, MD, PhD
Lorenzo Berra, MD
CONTRIBUTORS
Varun Agrawal, MD, FACP, FASN Rita N. Bakhru, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Wake Forest University School of Medicine
University of Vermont Department of Internal Medicine
Burlington, VT Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy and
Immunology
Paul H. Alfille, MD
Medical Center Blvd
Executive Vice Chairman
Winston-Salem, NC
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Management Arna Banerjee, MD, FCCM
Massachusetts General Hospital Associate Professor of Anesthesiology/Critical Care
Boston, MA Associate Professor of Surgery, Medical Education
and Administration
Gilman B. Allen, MD
Assistant Dean for Simulation in Medical Education
Pulmonary Critical Care Department
Director, Center for Experiential Learning and
University of Vermont
Assessment
Burlington, VT
Nashville, TN
Michael N. Andrawes, MD
Caitlin Baran, MD
Instructor
University of Vermont
Harvard Medical School;
Burlington, VT
Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Fellowship
Program Director Pavan K. Bendapudi, MD
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Instructor in Medicine
Medicine Harvard Medical School;
Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Hematology
Boston, MA Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA
Amir Azarbal, MD
Fellow William J. Benedetto, MD
Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
University of Vermont-Larner College of Medicine Medicine
Burlington, VT Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA
Aranya Bagchi, MBBS
Assistant in Anesthesia Sheri Berg, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Instructor in Anesthesia Medicine
Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA Boston, MA
Keith Baker, MD, PhD Lorenzo Berra, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesia Anesthesiologist and Critical Care Physician
Harvard Medical School; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Vice Chair for Education Medicine
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Medical Director of Respiratory Care
Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital;
Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor
Boston, MA Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
vi
CONTRIBUTORS vii
Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD, MSEd Jerome Crowley, MD, MPH
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Staff Intensivist and Anesthesiologist
Medicine Clinical Instructor
Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School;
Boston, MA Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Medicine
M. Dustin Boone, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Boston, MA
Medicine
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Adam A. Dalia, MD, MBA
Harvard Medical School Clinical Instructor in Anesthesia
Boston, MA Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
William E. Charash, MD, PhD
Medicine
Associate Professor
The Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical
Division of Acute Care Surgery,
School
Director
Boston, MA
Trauma Critical Care
University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine Harold L. Dauerman, MD
Burlington, VT Professor of Medicine
University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine;
Sreedivya Chava, MD, FACC
Network Director
Interventional Cardiology
UVM Health Network Interventional Cardiology
Tricity Cardiology consultants
McClure 1 Cardiology
Mesa, AZ
Burlington, VT
Katharine L. Cheung, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Hill A. Enuh, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care
Division of Nephrology
University of Vermont
Larner College of Medicine at The University of
Burlington, VT
Vermont
Burlington, VT Peter J. Fagenholz, MD, FACS
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Hovig V. Chitilian, MD
Harvard Medical School;
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Attending Surgeon
Medicine
Department of Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical
Boston, MA
Critical Care
Jaina Clough, MD Massachusetts General Hospital
Assistant Professor of Medicine Boston, MA
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Joshua D. Farkas, MD, MS
University of Vermont Medical Center
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Burlington, VT
Medicine
Ryan Clouser, DO University of Vermont
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Critical Care/ Burlington, VT
Neurocritical Care
Corey R. Fehnel, MD, MPH
University of Vermont Medical Center
Department of Neurology
Burlington, VT
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Lane Crawford, MD Harvard Medical School
Instructor Boston, MA
Harvard Medical School;
Amanda Fernandes, MD
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Clinical Instructor
Medicine
Larner College of Medicine at The University of
Massachusetts General Hospital
Vermont
Boston, MA
Burlington, VT
Daniel F. Fisher, MS, RRT
Department of Respiratory Care
Boston Medical Center
Boston, MA
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Michael G. Fitzsimons, MD T.J. Henry, MD
Assistant Professor Resident
Harvard Medical School; Department of Surgery
Director University of Iowa
Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Iowa City, IA
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Dean Hess, PhD
Medicine
Respiratory Care
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital;
Boston, MA
Teaching Associate in Anesthesia
Joseph D. Frasca, MD Harvard Medical School
Clinical Instructor Boston, MA
University of Vermont College of Medicine
David C. Hooper, MD
Burlington, VT
Department of Medicine
Zechariah S. Gardner, MD Division of Infectious Diseases
Assistant Professor of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital
Division of Hospital Medicine Boston, MA
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Catherine L. Hough, MD, MSc
University of Vermont Medical Center
Professor of Medicine
Burlington, VT
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
Garth W. Garrison, MD Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Washington
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Seattle, WA
University of Vermont Medical Center
James L. Jacobson, MD
Burlington, VT
Professor
Matthew P. Gilbert, DO, MPH Department of Psychiatry
Associate Professor of Medicine Larner College of Medicine at The University of
Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont and University of Vermont Medical Center
Vermont Burlington, VT
Burlington, VT
Paul S. Jansson, MD, MS
Christopher Grace, MD, FIDSA Department of Emergency Medicine
Professor of Medicine, Emeritus Massachusetts General Hospital
University of Vermont College of Medicine; Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Infectious Diseases Unit Harvard Medical School
University of Vermont Medical Center Boston, MA
Burlington, VT
Daniel W. Johnson, MD
Cornelia Griggs, MD Assistant Professor
Chief Resident Department of Anesthesiology
Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center
Massachusetts General Hospital Omaha, NE
Boston, MA
Robert M. Kacmarek, PhD, RRT
Dusan Hanidziar, MD, PhD Department of Respiratory Care
Attending Anesthesiologist and Intensivist Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA
Instructor in Anesthesia
Rebecca Kalman, MD
Harvard Medical School
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Boston, MA
Medicine
Michael E. Hanley, MD Massachusetts General Hospital
Professor of Medicine Boston, MA
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine;
Staff Physician
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Denver Health Medical Center
Denver, CO
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Brinda B. Kamdar, MD Alexander S. Kuo, MS, MD
Program Director Assistant in Anesthesia
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Fellowship, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain
Instructor Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital;
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Instructor
Medicine Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA
Boston, MA
David Kuter, MD, DPhil
David A. Kaminsky, MD Professor of Medicine
Pulmonary Critical Care Department Harvard Medical School;
University of Vermont Chief, Division of Hematology
Burlington, VT Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA
Mark T. Kearns, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine Jean Kwo, MD
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Assistant Professor
Staff Physician Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Medicine
Denver Health Medical Center Harvard Medical School
Denver, CO Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA
C. Matthew Kinsey, MD, MPH
Director, Interventional Pulmonary Daniela J. Lamas, MD
University of Vermont Medical Center; Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Assistant Professor Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Larner College of Medicine at the University of Instructor in Medicine
Vermont Harvard Medical School;
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Associate Faculty
Burlington, VT Ariadne Labs
Boston MA
Themistoklis Kourkoumpetis, MD
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fellow Stephen E. Lapinsky, MBBCh, MSc, FRCPC
Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology Director
Baylor College of Medicine Intensive Care Unit
Houston, TX Mount Sinai Hosptal;
Professor of Medicine
Erin K. Kross, MD
University of Toronto
Associate Professor of Medicine
Toronto, Canada
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
Medicine John L. Leahy, MD
University of Washington Professor of Medicine
Seattle, WA Larner College of Medicine
The University of Vermont
Leandra Krowsoski, MD
Burlington, VT
Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and
Surgical Critical Care Timothy Leclair, MD
Department of Surgery Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary
Massachusetts General Hospital and Critical Care Medicine
Boston, MA University of Vermont Medical Center
Burlington, VT
Abhishek Kumar, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine/Transplant Medicine Jarone Lee, MD, MPH
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Medical Director Blake 12 ICU
University of Vermont Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
Burlington, VT School
Boston, MA
x CONTRIBUTORS
Robert Y. Lee, MD Anthony Massaro, MD
Senior Fellow Department of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care
University of Washington Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Seattle, WA Boston, MA
Martin M. LeWinter, MD Alexis McCabe, MD
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Physiology Resident
and Biophysics Department of Emergency Medicine
Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
University of Vermont-Larner College of Medicine School
Burlington, VT Boston, MA
Eva Litvak, MD Prema R. Menon, MD, PhD
Fellow in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiac Anesthesia University of Vermont
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Burlington, VT
Medicine
Katherine Menson, DO
Massachusetts General Hospital
Fellow
Boston, MA
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS University of Vermont Medical Center
Professor Burlington, VT
Divisions of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine
Matthew J. Meyer, MD
Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
University of California, San Francisco
Medicine
San Francisco, CA
Massachusetts General Hospital
Yuk Ming Liu, MD, MPH Boston, MA
Clinical Assistant Professor
Lydia Miller, MD
Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
University of Iowa
Medicine
Iowa City, IA
Massachusetts General Hospital
Lowell J. Lo, MD Boston, MA
Associate Professor
Jimmy L. Moss, MD
Division of Nephrology
Fellow, Anesthesia Critical Care Program
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital;
University of California, San Francisco
Clinical Fellow in Anesthesia
San Francisco, CA
Harvard Medical School
Johnathan P. Mack, MD, MSc, FRCPC Boston, MA
Assistant Director of Blood Transfusion Service
Marc Moss, MD
Department of Pathology
Professor
Massachusetts General Hospital
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Boston, MA
Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care
Annis Marney, MD, MSCI Medicine
Diabetes and Endocrinology Aurora, CO
The Frist Clinic
Maged Muhammed, MD
Nashville, TN
Research Fellow
Annachiara Marra, MD, PhD Harvard Medical School;
University of Naples Federico II Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of
Naples, Italy; Gastroenterology
Visiting Research Fellow Boston Children’s Hospital;
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Adult Inpatient Medicine, Department
Medicine of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Newton Wellesley Hospital
Nashville, TN Newton, MA