Critical Care Obstetrics, 5th Edition PDF
Preview Critical Care Obstetrics, 5th Edition
Critical Care Obstetrics Critical Care Obstetrics EDITED BY MICHAEL A. BELFORT MBBCH, MD, PhD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Director of Perinatal Research, Director of Fetal Therapy, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA G EORGE SAADE MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA M ICHAEL R. FOLEY MD Chief Medical Offi cer, Scotsdale Healthcare, Scottsdale, Arizona; Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AR, USA J EFFREY P. PHELAN MD, JD Director of Quality Assurance, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Citrus Valley Medical Center, West Covina; President and Director, Clinical Research, Childbirth Injury Prevention Foundation, City of Industry, Pasadena, CA, USA G ARY A. DILDY, III MD Director, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mountain Star Division, Hospital Corporation of America, Salt Lake City, UT; Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine in New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA FIFTH EDITION A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2010, © 1988, 1992, 1998, 2005, 2010 Blackwell Publishing Limited Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evidence-based gastroenterology and hepatology / edited by John W.D. McDonald ... [et al.]. – 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-5273-0 (alk. paper) 1. Gastroenterology–Textbooks. 2. Hepatology–Textbooks. 3. Gastrointestinal system–Diseases– Textbooks. 4. Liver–Diseases–Textbooks. 5. Evidence-based medicine–Textbooks. I. McDonald, John W. D. [DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Diseases–diagnosis. 2. Gastrointestinal Diseases–therapy. 3. Evidence- Based Medicine–methods. 4. Liver Diseases–diagnosis. 5. Liver Diseases–therapy. WI 140 E928 2010] RC801.E95 2010 616.3′3–dc22 2010011010 ISBN: 978-1-4051-5273-0 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9.25/12 pt Minion by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed and bound in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd 1 2010 Contents List of contributors, vii 16 Pulmonary Artery Catheterization, 215 Steven L. Clark & Gary A. Dildy III 1 Epidemiology of Critical Illness in Pregnancy, 1 Cande V. Ananth & John C. Smulian 17 Seizures and Status Epilepticus, 222 Michael W. Varner 2 Organizing an Obstetric Critical Care Unit, 11 Julie Scott & Michael R. Foley 18 Acute Spinal Cord Injury, 228 Chad Kendall Klauser, Sheryl Rodts-Palenik & James N. 3 Critical Care Obstetric Nursing, 16 Martin, Jr Suzanne McMurtry Baird & Nan H. Troiano 19 Pregnancy-Related Stroke, 235 4 Pregnancy-Induced Physiologic Alterations, 30 Edward W. Veillon, Jr & James N. Martin, Jr Errol R. Norwitz & Julian N. Robinson 20 Cardiac Disease, 256 5 Maternal–Fetal Blood Gas Physiology, 53 Michael R. Foley, Roxann Rokey & Michael A. Belfort Renee A. Bobrowski 21 Thromboembolic Disease, 283 6 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, 69 Donna Dizon-Townson William E. Scorza & Anthony Scardella 22 Etiology and Management of Hemorrhage, 308 7 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pregnancy, 93 Irene Stafford, Michael A. Belfort & Gary A. Dildy III Andrea Shields & M. Bardett Fausett 23 Severe Acute Asthma, 327 8 Neonatal Resuscitation, 108 Michael A. Belfort & Melissa Herbst Christian Con Yost & Ron Bloom 24 Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress 9 Ventilator Management in Critical Illness, 124 Syndrome (ARDS) During Pregnancy, 338 Luis D. Pacheco & Labib Ghulmiyyah Antara Mallampalli, Nicola A. Hanania & Kalpalatha K. 10 Vascular Access, 152 Guntupalli Gayle Olson & Aristides P. Koutrouvelis 25 Pulmonary Edema, 348 11 Blood Component Replacement, 165 William C. Mabie David A. Sacks 26 The Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy, 358 12 Hyperalimentation, 181 Howard T. Sharp Jeffrey P. Phelan & Kent A. Martyn 13 Dialysis, 188 27 Acute Pancreatitis, 365 Shad H. Deering & Gail L. Seiken Shailen S. Shah & Jeffrey P. Phelan 14 Cardiopulmonary Bypass, 196 28 Acute Renal Failure, 376 Katherine W. Arendt Shad H. Deering & Gail L. Seiken 15 Non-Invasive Monitoring, 207 29 Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy, 385 Michael Cackovic & Michael A. Belfort T. Flint Porter v Contents 30 Sickle Cell Crisis, 391 42 Anaphylactic Shock in Pregnancy, 596 Michelle Y. Owens & James N. Martin Jr Raymond O. Powrie 31 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy, 400 43 Fetal Considerations in the Critically Ill Gravida, 605 Nazli Hossain & Michael J. Paidas Jeffrey P. Phelan & Shailen S. Shah 32 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Hemolytic– 44 Fetal Effects of Drugs Commonly Used in Critical Care, 626 Uremic Syndrome, and HELLP, 407 Mark Santillan & Jerome Yankowitz Joel Moake & Kelty R. Baker 45 Anesthesia Considerations for the Critically Ill Parturient 33 Endocrine Emergencies, 425 with Cardiac Disease, 639 Carey Winkler & Fred Coleman Shobana Chandrasekhar & Maya S. Suresh 34 Complications of Pre-eclampsia, 438 46 The Organ Transplant Patient in the Obstetric Critical Care Gary A. Dildy III & Michael A. Belfort Setting, 656 Calla Holmgren & James Scott 35 Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy (Amniotic Fluid Embolism), 466 47 Ethics in the Obstetric Critical Care Setting, 665 Gary A. Dildy III, Michael A. Belfort & Steven L. Clark Fidelma B. Rigby 36 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid 48 Acute Psychiatric Conditions in Pregnancy, 684 Syndrome, 475 Ellen Flynn, Carmen Monzon & Teri Pearlstein T. Flint Porter & D. Ware Branch 49 Fetal Surgery Procedures and Associated Maternal 37 Trauma in Pregnancy, 487 Complications, 699 James W. Van Hook Robert H. Ball & Michael A. Belfort 38 Thermal and Electrical Injury, 508 50 Cancer in the Pregnant Patient, 704 Cornelia R. Graves Kenneth H. Kim, David M. O’Malley & Jeffrey M. Fowler 39 Overdose, Poisoning and Envenomation During 51 Pregnancy in Women with Complicated Diabetes Pregnancy, 514 Mellitus, 717 Alfredo F. Gei & Victor R. Suarez Martin N. Montoro 40 Hypovolemic and Cardiac Shock, 559 52 Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Attacks in Scott Roberts Pregnancy, 729 Shawn P. Stallings & C. David Adair 41 Septic Shock, 571 Errol R. Norwitz & Hee Joong Lee Index, 739 vi L ist of Contributors C . David Adair R on Bloom C hristian Con Yost P rofessor and Vice- C hair P rofessor of Pediatrics A ssistant Professor of Pediatrics D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine D epartment of Neonatology D epartment of Neonatology D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Health Sciences University of Utah Health Sciences U niversity of Tennessee College of Medicine S alt Lake City, UT, USA S alt Lake City, UT, USA C hattanooga, TN, USA R enee A. Bobrowski S had H. Deering C ande V. Ananth D irector of Maternal- F etal Medicine and Women A djunct Assistant Professor D ivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Children’ s Services D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D epartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology U niformed Services University of the Health Reproductive Sciences S aint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center Sciences UMDNJ – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School B oise, ID, USA O ld Madigan Army Medical Center N ew Brunswick, NJ, USA Tacoma, WA, USA D . Ware Branch K atherine W. Arendt P rofessor G ary A. Dildy III A ssistant Professor of Anesthesiology D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D irector M ayo Clinic U niversity of Utah Health Sciences Center a nd M aternal- F etal Medicine R ochester, MN, USA M edical Director M ountain Star Division W omen and Newborns Services H ospital Corporation of America K elty R. Baker I ntermountain Healthcare S alt Lake City, UT a nd D epartment of Internal Medicine S alt Lake City, UT, USA C linical Professor H ematology- O ncology Section and Baylor College D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medicine M ichael Cackovic L SU Health Sciences Center H ouston, TX, USA D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine S chool of Medicine in New Orleans D epartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and N ew Orleans, LA, USA R obert H. Ball Reproductive Sciences H CA Fetal Therapy Initiative Y ale University School of Medicine D onna Dizon- T ownson S t Mark’ s Hospital N ew Haven, CT, USA A ssociate Professor S alt Lake City a nd D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D ivision of Perinatal Medicine and Genetics S hobana Chandrasekhar U niversity of Utah Health Sciences Center D epartments of Obstetrics A ssociate Professor S alt Lake City, UT a nd G ynecology and Reproductive Sciences D epartment of Anesthesiology M edical Director Clinical Programs Urban U CSF Fetal Treatment Center B aylor College of Medicine South Region U niversity of California H ouston, TX, USA I ntermountain Healthcare S an Francisco, CA, USA D epartment of Maternal- F etal Medicine S teven L. Clark P rovo, UT, USA M ichael A. Belfort M edical Director P rofessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology W omen’ s and Children’ s Clinical Services M . Bardett Fausett Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology H ospital Corporation of America C onsultant to the AF Surgeon General for D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine N ashville, TN, USA Obstetrics and Maternal- F etal Medicine a nd U niversity of Utah School of Medicine C hief, Obstetrics and Maternal- F etal Medicine S alt Lake City, UT a nd F red Coleman San Antonio Military Medical Center and Director of Perinatal Research M edical Director V ice- C hairman, Department of Obstetrics and Director of Fetal Therapy L egacy Health Systems Gynecology, Wilford Hall Medical Center H CA Healthcare M aternal- F etal Medicine L ackland Airforce Base, TX, USA Nashville, TN, USA P ortland, OR, USA vii List of Contributors E llen Flynn C alla Holmgren S uzanne McMurtry Baird Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology A ssistant Professor Human Behavior U niversity of Utah Medical Center Vanderbilt University School of Nursing A lpert Medical School of Brown University S alt Lake City, UT, USA N ashville, TN, USA W omen and Infants Hospital P rovidence, RI, USA N azli Hossain J oel Moake A ssociate Professor and Consultant Obstetrician R ice University M ichael R. Foley and Gynaecologist H ouston, TX, USA C hief Medical Offi cer D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit III S cotsdale Healthcare D ow University of Health Sciences, M artin N. Montoro S cottsdale, Arizona a nd C ivil Hospital, D epartments of Medicine and Obstetrics and C linical Professor K arachi, Pakistan Gynecology D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology K eck School of Medicine U niversity of Arizona College of Medicine K enneth H. Kim U niversity of Southern California T ucson, AZ, USA C linical Instructor L os Angeles, CA, USA D ivision of Gynecological Oncology J effrey M. Fowler D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology C armen Monzon D irector J ames Cancer Hospital and C linical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and D ivision of Gynecologic Oncology S olove Research Institute Human Behavior J ohn G. Boutselis Professor T he Ohio State University A l pert Medical School of Brown University D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology C olumbus, OH, USA W omen and Infants Hospital James Cancer Hospital and Solove P ro vidence, RI, USA Research Institute C had Kendall Klauser T he Ohio State University A ssistant Clinical Professor E rrol R. Norwitz C olumbus, OH, USA M ount Sinai School of Medicine L ouis E. Phaneuf Professor and Chair New York, NY, USA D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology A lfredo F. Gei T ufts University School of Medicine D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology A r istides P. Koutrouvelis and Tufts Medical Center M ethodist Hospital in Houston, Houston, TX D epartment of Anesthesiology Boston, MA, USA USA U niversity of Texas Medical Branch G alveston, TX, USA D avid M. O’ M alley L abib Ghulmiyyah A s sistant Professor F ellow H ee J oong Lee D ivision of Gynecologic Oncology M aternal- F etal Medicine D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology T he Catholic University of Korea J ames Cancer Hospital and Solove University of Texas Medical Branch S eoul, Korea Research Institute Galveston, TX, USA T he Ohio State University C olumbus, OH, USA W illiam C. Mabie C ornelia R. Graves P rofessor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology M edical Director U niversity of South Carolina G a yle Olson T ennessee Maternal- F etal Medicine PLC a nd G reenville, SC, USA D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology D irector of Perinatal Service D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine B aptist Hospital and U niversity of Texas Medical Branch A ntara Mallampalli C linical Professor G alveston, TX, USA S ection of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep V anderbilt University Medicine N ashville, TN, USA B aylor College of Medicine M ichelle Y. Owens H ouston, TX, USA D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology K alpalatha K. Guntupalli D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine S ection of Pulmonary Critical Care and U niversity of Mississippi Medical Center J ames N. Martin, Jr Sleep Medicine J ackson, MS, USA P rofessor and Director B aylor College of Medicine D epartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology H ouston, TX, USA D ivision of Maternal- F etal Medicine L uis D. Pacheco U niversity of Mississippi Medical Center A ssistant Professor N icola A. Hanania J ackson, MS, USA D epartments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Section of Pulmonary Critical Care, and Anesthesiology Sleep Medicine M aternal- F etal Medicine - Surgical Critical Care K ent A. Martyn B aylor College of Medicine U niversity of Texas Medical Branch D irector of Pharmaceutical Services Houston, TX, USA Galveston, TX, USA C itrus Valley Medical Center W est Covina, CA, USA M elissa Herbst Maternal - Fetal Services of Utah S t. Mark’ s Hospital Salt Lake City, UT, USA viii
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