Critical Care Nursing: Monitoring and Treatment for Advanced Nursing Practice

960 Pages·2015·6.26 MB·English

by  Kathy Booker

CONTENTS
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Contributors
Critical Care Nursing: Monitoring and
Treatment for Advanced Nursing Practice
Introduction
Chapter 1: Philosophy and treatment in US
critical care units
US critical care units
Organization of critical care delivery
Monitoring and surveillance in critical
care
Surveillance
Nursing certification and competency in
critical care units
US national critical care organizations
Acute care advanced practice nursing
Clinical nurse specialists
Acute care nurse practitioners
Critical care and ACNP outcomes
research
Evolution of families in the critical care
unit
2
Progression and development of rapid
response teams
References
Chapter 2: Vital measurements and shock
syndromes in critically ill adults
Monitoring basic vital signs
Respiratory monitoring
Shock conditions in critically ill adults
Other infectious complications in
critically ill adults
Monitoring during transport
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Monitoring for respiratory
dysfunction
Acid-base disturbances & anion gap
Metabolic acidosis
Oxygenation
Capnography
Modes of mechanical ventilation
Monitoring for complications during
mechanical ventilation
Weaning from mechanical ventilation
Sleep-disordered breathing in the critical
care unit
Conclusions
References
3
Chapter 4: Electrocardiographic monitoring
for cardiovascular dysfunction
Physiologic guidelines
Goals of monitoring
Acute coronary syndromes
Cardiac arrhythmias
Acute heart failure
Electrolyte abnormalities
Critical illnesses
Drug overdose
Unnecessary arrhythmia monitoring and
underutilization of ischemia and
QT-interval monitoring
References
Chapter 5: Hemodynamic monitoring in
critical care
Hemodynamic monitoring overview
Hemodynamic monitoring systems
Hemodynamic monitoring guidelines
and outcomes
References
Chapter 6: Monitoring for neurologic
dysfunction
Physiological guidelines
Rapid assessment of neurologic
dysfunction in intensive care unit
patients
Intracranial pressure monitoring
4
Measuring brain temperature
Brain tissue O2monitoring
Microdialysis
Electrophysiological monitoring
The BiSpectral index monitoring
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonograpy
Shunts
Neuromuscular transmission
Management of cervical stabilization
devices
Research-based neurologic protocols
References
Chapter 7: Monitoring for renal dysfunction
Acute kidney injury
Physiological guidelines
Renal replacement therapy
References
Chapter 8: Monitoring for blood glucose
dysfunction in the intensive care unit
Diabetes management in the ICU
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Monitoring for hepaticand GI
dysfunction
Physiologic guidelines
Monitoring elements: nasogastric
decompression
5
Endoscopic procedures
Monitoring elements: gastric tonometry
and capnometry
Radiographic diagnostics
Ultrasonography
Treatment of abdominal compartment
syndrome
Diagnostics for liver function
Liver support devices
ICP monitoring in acute liver failure
Nutritional assessment and treatment
Critical monitoring in acute pancreatitis
Summary
References
Chapter 10: Traumatic injuries: Special
considerations
Primary, secondary, and tertiary surveys
Fluid resuscitation
Intracompartmental monitoring
Complications
Thoracic injury management
Abdominal trauma
Musculoskeletal injuries and
management
Burns
Summary
References
6
Chapter 11: Oncologic emergencies in
critical care
Evolution of oncology critical
management
Stem cell transplant
Hematologic complications
Management of electrolyte imbalances
Acute kidney injury
Structural emergencies
References
Chapter 12: End-of-life concerns
Introduction
Assessment and communication issues
Family presence
Advanced directives
Delivering bad news
Palliative care in the ICU
Brain death
References
Chapter 13: Monitoring for overdoses
Introduction
Indexing of drug and toxins seen in
overdoses
Common toxidromes and treatments for
poisoning conditions
Anion and non-anion gap acidosis and
osmolar anion gap
7
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Critical Care Nursing
Table 1 Titling of guidelines within the
National Clearinghouse Guidelines Index
(2012).
Chapter 01
Table 1.1 Family support in the ICU.
Chapter 02
Table 2.1 Recommendations for
measuring temperature.
Table 2.2 Beneficial effects of
hypothermia.
Table 2.3 Clinical signs associated with
malignant hyperthermia.
Table 2.4 Published class I ECG
monitoring guidelines for heart rate and
rhythm changes in adults.
Table 2.5 Cuff sizes for appropriate BP
measurement in adults.
Table 2.6 Abnormal respiratory patterns
commonly seen in ICU patients.
Table 2.7 Assessment findings in sepsis.
8
Table 2.8 Risk factors for sepsis.
Table 2.9 Sepsis diagnostic criteria.
Chapter 03
Table 3.1 Causes of metabolic acidosis.
Table 3.2 Parameters for liberating
(weaning) from mechanical ventilation.
Table 3.3WEANS NOWchecklist to
assess failure to wean 48–72 h after
resolution of underlying condition
causing respiratory failure.
Table 3.4 American Association of
Respiratory Care criteria for noninvasive
positive pressure ventilation for
exacerbation of COPD.
Table 3.5 Treatment options for
sleep-disordered breathing in the critical
care unit(assuming data from prior
sleep study is not available).
Chapter 04
Table 4.1 Biomarkers used for diagnosis
of acute MI.
Table 4.2 Monitoring recommendations,
vessels, and selected leads.
Table 4.3 ECG monitoring arrhythmia
classifications.
Chapter 05
9
Table 5.1 Terms associated with
hemodynamic monitoring.
Table 5.2 Principles of hemodynamic
monitoring.
Table 5.3 Factors affecting SvO2. Svo2is
a sensitive indicator of oxygen supply/
demand balance, If Svo2decreases to
less than 50%, the patient should be
rapidly assessed for the cause of an
increased oxygen demand, or decrease in
supply. Anemia, hypoxemia, and
decreased CO may result in markedly
reduced oxygen delivery. In the presence
of the high metabolic demands imposed
by critical illness, a reduction in O2
delivery or further increase in O2
demand can produce profound
instability in the patient. Changes in
Svo2often precede overt changes
reflective of physiologic instability.
Chapter 06
Table 6.1 Intracranial pressure
monitoring options.
Table 6.2 Differences in brain and body
temperatures.
Table 6.3 BIS values and corresponding
levels of sedation
Chapter 07
10