Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 2002: Vol 14 Index

21 Pages·2002·3.2 MB·English

Critical
Care Nursing
Clinics of
North America
Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 14 (2002) 435—453
Index
Note a ge numbers of article titles are in boldface type
A utilizing outcome data in, for cost
\bciximab, in anticoagulation, 12 effectiveness, ya
for patient/family/physician
\bsorption, drug, in elderly, 111
satisfaction, 279
in renal failure, 77, 79 for quality of care, 2 — 2.77 8
Access in multisite ractice nursing, other outcomes in, 2~~/ 9
resources fol and withdrawal of
and withdrawal of nutritional support
completion of, barriers to, 215—216
rates of, 15
outcome selection from patient and community edt
» nursing research,
physician culture and, 215
race and, 215
1 ) | erse effectst of, 60{ 0 Advanced practice nurse, as case manager, of
indications and action of, 59—60
patient, 285—288
1 of life care as entrepreneur, 223
9223
ilso Pe, diatri' c acut-e_ as intrapreneur,
coliaborative practice in, 305 311 as outcomes manager, TOr 1iong term mechani-
cally ventilated patient, 236 240
nurse anesthetist physician, 306 307 iinn pediatric acute care See under Pediat
nurse practitioner— physician, 309
pediatric nurse specialist physician, 308—309 cule care
specialty nurse practitioner—physician, \dvanced practice nursing, and outcomes for mecha-
309-310 nically ventilated medical IC patients
231-243
Acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP), ?3 characteristics for, 92 JIA4
collaboration with physician, 3(
clinical practice opportunities in, 223—239
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in diabetes aging patient, case management in, 281-291
mellitus, insulin-glucose therapy in, 95—96 See also under {ging patient
future of, characteristics in, 321 role in, 321
Adenosine, adverse effects of, 64
in acute care, collaborative practice in, 305 311
indication and action of, 65
in pediatric acute care, 313-324
Administration, support of, in multisite advanced multisite, administrative support for, 300—301
practice nursing, 300 301 culture and politics in, 302—303
validation of advanced practice nursing role to, definition of, 299
eee
credentialing process in, 276 documentation in, 304
definition of need for, 277 5 essential elements of, 300
keys to success In, 29 79 examples of, 299-300
performance criteria to document integration across sites and, 3035 304
practice parameters, 276 key relationships in, 301 302
O899-5885/02/S$ see front matter 2002, Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved
Pll S0899-5885(02)00074-6
1m 14 (2002) 435—453
learning and, 300 definition of, 284
organizational skills in, frailty of, 283-284
personal outcomes in, and physical functioning of, 283—284
resources in, 303 measurement of health in, via progress or
responsibilities in, 299-304 decline, 283—284
self-evaluation for, 300 physical functioning as component of health-
spheres of influence and, 300 related quality of life, 284-285
outcomes research on, 245-251
Alcohol use, in elderly patient, assessment of,
conduct of, 261—268 431-432
currently available, 269-274
designs for, 293-298 Alteplase (t-PA), for acute myocardial infarction, in
for role validation, 275—270 elderly, 118
outcome for, 253-260
Amiodarone, adverse effects of, 61
practice models in. See under Practice models
indications and action of, 62
practice opportunities in, attributes for
metabolism of, in elderly, 114
“
prov iders in, 226
billing in, 7 226 Amrinone, to increase contractility, 74, 76
challenges and rewards in, 226 997
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,
ae ee >> s7
criteria for success of, 6 in renal failure, 80
]l ifest+ yle considerations f. or, 272 6—2 997
Antacids, aluminum-containing, drug inhibition by,
nurse benefits in, 227
physician benefits in, 226 in elderly, 117
roles and responsibilities in, 292 6 for stress ulcers, 45—46
specialty roles in, 313 Antibiotics, for gram-positive infections, 21—28
\dvocacy, in critical care nursing practice, See also under Gram-positive infections
139-140 for future use, 27—28
in current use, 27
\ferload, drugs affecting, 74—75
resistance to, mechanisms of, 19—21
Age, in outcomes research, controlling
Anticoagulant(s), heparin, unfractionated and low-
\ging, demographics of, 281] molecular-weight, 13—14
medication administration safety in history of, 7—8
under Elderl warfarin, 12—13
popular theories of, stress, 283
Anticoagulation, during extracorporeal therapies,
wear and tear, 282—283 14—15
theoretic perspectives on, 281 —~ 282
cross-link theory, 282 Antidysrhythmic agents, class IA, 54—58
damage theory, 282 class IB, 58—59
free radical theory, 282 class IC, 58—59, 63—65
immunologic theory, 282 class I] '-blockers, 59-60
electrophysiology and, principles of, 5 3-54
Aging patient, adaptation and health and, response for atrial fibrillation, 66
shift as adaptation, 283
limitations of, 67
advanced practice nursing case management
for conversion, 66—67
of, 281-291
for maintenance of sinus rhythm, 67
differentiation from care
for rate control, 66
management, 287
in children, 67—68
in atypical case study, 285—286, in elderly, 67
288—289
in heart failure, 68
patient candidates for, 287—288 in special populations, 66
risk recognition in, 287—288
miscellaneous, adenosine, 65
selected principles of, 286—287 digoxin, 65
vs. baccalaureate-prepared case
overview of, 53-69
manager for, 287 pharmacodynamics and, 54
Index / Crit Care Nurs Clin \ {4m 14 (2002) 435—453
Antiplatelet drugs, 10—11
Antithymocyte globulin, for immunosuppression, in alcium antagonists, nondihydropyridine, in renal
kidney transplantation, 106—107 failure, 80
Argatroban, in anticoagulation, 14 ‘alcium channel blockers, for vasodilation, 74
Aspirin, as antiplatelet agent, 10—11 arbamazepine, parenteral formulation of, 33
history of, 7 ‘arbapenems, for gram-positive infections, 22—23
Assisted suicide, 148 ardiac catheterization, in infants and children,
Atrial fibrillation, pharmacotherapy for, 66 inhaled nitric oxide in, 2—3
limitations of, 67 ardiovascular system, in elderly, medication admin-
istration safety and, 429-430
Automaticity, cardiac,
Autonomy, and withdrawal of nutritional ardioversion, pharmacotherapy for, 66—67
support, 194 ‘are, as moral thinking, 404
in end of life care, 144
are management, case management vs
pain management and, 166—168
respect for, and error reporting and ase mi nagement, advanced practice nurse in,
disclosure, 403 patient candidate for, 287 288
‘inciples in, 286—28
Azathioprine, for immunosuppression, 99,
102—103 k recognition in, 28°
care management, 287
ging patient, case study of, 285 + 38o.
288-289
B vs. care management, 287
Basiliximab, for immunosuppression, 107
Central venous catheter, bloodstream infection from,
Beneficence, and error reporting and disclosure, 420-42
and withdrawal of nutritional support, 194 insertion of, barrier precautions in, 421
in end of life care, 145
‘ephalosporins, for gram-positive infections, 22—23
pain management and, 166—167
in ICU care, 159 erebral edema, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 93—94
Benzodiazepines, in elderly patient, withdrawal ‘hildren, antidysrhythmic pharmacotherapy in,
from, 432 6 6&8
Best interest standard, surrogate decision making lindamycin, for gram-positive infections, 22—23 n
and, 144
‘linical nurse specialist (CNS), in neonatal ICl , 224
Beta-lactam antibiotic(s), carbapenems, 22—23 in pediatric acute care, 313—315
cephalosporins, 225 —235
‘linical nurse specialist physician collaboration,
penicillins, 21—22
30 308
Bicarbonate, in diabetic ketoacidosis and
‘linical pathway, multidisciplinary, for mechanical
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic
ventilation outcomes program, 23232 .9225 6
syndrome, 92—93
‘linical practice guidelines, assessment of, 349—350
Billing, in collaborative practice, 226
‘lopidogrel, as platelet receptor antagonist, 11
Blood surface interactions. See also Anticoagu-
lant(s); Coagulation ‘oagulation, aspirin in, 10—11
drugs limiting, 7-16 cofactors to, 8
research and development in, 15 glucoprotein IIb/IIIb receptor antagonists in, 12
NSAIDS in, 11
Bretylium, adverse effects of, 61
pathways in, common, 8—10
indications and action of, 63
extrinsic, 8—9
Bumetanide, in preload, 74 intrinsic, 9— 10
Iann dex Crit Care Nurs Clin \ im 14 (2002) 435-453
platelets in, 10 Cost effectiveness, of advanced practice nursing, 277
prevention of, anticoagulants in, 12—15
Creatine, serum, in diabetes mellitus, 90
antiplatelet drugs in, 10—11
thienopyridines in, 11—12 Credentialing, for advanced practice nursing,
976 977
Collaborative practice, collaboration and, character-
istics of. 305—306 Critical thinking, attributes of, 388—389
definition of, 306 development of, failure mode and effects
in acute care, 305-311 analysis in, 387
in advanced practice nursing, 306—307 human factor science in, 385
clinical nurse specialist— physician, increasing of, and error reduction, 385-390
307 308 in safety culture development, 388—389
definitions in, 305—306 thought processes in, stages in, 386
nurse anesthetist— physician, 306—307
Culture, advance directives and, 215
nurse practitioner—physician, 309 in end of life care, 149
pediatric nurse specialist—physician, 308
in multisite advanced practice nursing, 302-303
specialty nurse practitionet physician,
of critical care, 135
s09—3 " 10 organizational, patient safety and, 342—343
omfort care, at end of life, 166, 168 teamwork and, 336
Communication, and bedside fraud, in intensive care Cyclosporine, for immunosuppression, 99,
unit, 162 + 103—104, 107
in end of life care, 197
patient values and, 149 D
in multisite advanced practice nursing, Daclizumab, for immunosuppression, in kidney trans-
resources for, 303 plantation, 107
in palliative care, of children, 210
Dalfopristin, for gram-positive infections, 23 24
in withdrawal of life support, family needs
ind, 188—190 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, medication error inci-
n withdrawal of nutritional support, 195 dents in, historical, 359—360
noral distress and, 176
Death, nurses’ personal relationship with, 139-140
nmunity, in palliative care, of children, 212 of children, case example of, 207
mmunity education, in advance directives, significance of, 207 208
peaceful, promotion of, 201-206
215-217
Death with dignity, legal and ethical challenges
ompetency, in end of life decision making, 144
to, 14]
onfusional states, drug-induced, in elderly, 116
Decision making. See also Surrogate
onsent, in end of life decision making, 144 decision making
in end of life care, 187-188
ontinuity, in multisite advanced practice nursing,
ethical, 144—145
resources for, 303
patient values and preferences and, 135
ontinuous aspiration of subglottic secretions, in physician vs. patient in, 90? 203
prevention of nosocomial pneumonia, 420 surrogate, 144
ontractitlili ty,s cardi; ac, 72—73 2 Decision-making, by patient, as partner in health
drugs affecting, 75—76 care, 399
critical thinking process in, 386
ontributory cause analysis, of errors,
evidence-based, in error prevention, 349
Control charts, in error reporting, 3> 81 team input in, for patient safety, 344
oronary heart disease, in elderly, medication admin- Dehydration, in end of life care, benefits of,
istration safety and, 429—430 145—146, 195
orticosteroids, for immunosuppression, 102 Depression, in elderly, mirtazapine for, 116
Index / Crit Care Nurs Clin N 1m 14 (2002) 435-453
Design, for outcomes research, examples of, Diltiazem, adverse effects of, 64
294-297 indications and action of, 64
in advanced practice nursing, 246, 248
Disopyramide, indications and action of, 55, 58
selection of, 293—294, 296—297
Diuretics, for high afterload, 75
Diabetes mellitus, as major health problem, 81—82
in preload states, 74
complications of. See also specific, e.g
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Dobutamine, to increase contractility, 76
acute, 83
Documentation, in multisite advanced practice
cerebral edema, 93-94
nursing, 304
diabetic ketoacidosis, 83—86
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic Dofetilide, adverse effects of, 61
syndrome, 86—87 indications and action of, 63
hypoglycemia, 87—88
Do not resuscitate (DNR) order, in ICU, 161
laboratory values in, 89-9] physician and family vs. patient and, 203
metabolic, 93
precipitating factors in, 88 Dopamine, for decreased afterload, 75
signs and symptoms of, 88—89 Double effect rule, in pain management, 146
treatment of, 91—93
Duty-based (deontologic) ethics, error reporting and
costs of, 81—82
in cardiac patients, pharmacotherapy for, disclosure in, 404
95—96
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, 82 E
transition from critical care unit and, 94—95
Education, for patient safety, 344—345
type 1, description of, 82
in advance directives, for health care
type 2, insulin resistance in, 82—83
personnel, 216—217
insulin secretion in, reduction of, 83 for patients and community, 216
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), complications of, in end of life care, 150
cerebral edema, 93—94 clinicians, 198—199
counter-regulatory hormones in, 85—86 physicians, 217
metabolic, 93 of clinical staff, for pediatric palliative care, 211]
description of, 83 withdrawal of nutritional support and, 195
insulin deficiency in, 83—84
Eighty/twenty (80/20) rule. See also under
carbohydrate metabolism and, 84
High-alert medication
fat metabolism and, 84—85
history of, 369
protein metabolism and, 85—86
laboratory values in, 89—91 Elderly, antidysrhythmic pharmacotherapy for, 67
precipitating factors in, 88 medication administration safety in, 427-434
treatment of, bicarbonate in, 92—93 medication review and, 431—432
electrolytes in, 92 medications of concern and, 432
fluids in, 92 pathophysiologic changes and, 427—431
general measure in, 9] cardiovascular, 429—430
insulin in, 91—92 endocrine and immune systems, 43]
gastrointestinal, 430—431
Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), in outcomes
integumentary, 428
research, controlling for, 264 neurologic, 428
Diazepam, rectal formulation of, 33 pulmonary, 430
renal, 421
Digestive tract decontamination, in prevention of
sensory, 428—429
nosocomial pneumonia, 420
practical suggestions for, 433
Digoxin, adverse effects of, 64 medications in, 111-119
indication and action of, 65 absorption of, 111—112
to increase contractility, 75—76 alternative, 115
toxicity of, in elderly, 115 excretion of, 115
Vurs Clin \ tm 14 (2002) 435-453
for pain, 117—118 Institute of Medicine on, 348—349
hepatic metabolism and, 113 legal instruments and surrogate
protein-binding of, 113 decision-making in, 144
unintended effects of, legal issues in, 141-155
with short half-lives, 118 legal perspectives in, consent, competency,
pathophysiologic changes in, general, 427 decision making capacity, 143—144
hepatic, 427 medical vs. nursing model of, 135
physiologic changes in, patient monitoring moral uncertainty in, 136
and, 112—113 Nursing Leadership Academy for, 133-134
pharmacodynamics and, 111}—113 optimal, 197—198
pharmacokinetics and, 111—112 pain management in, 146, 165 170
palliation vs. cure in, 148
Electrolytes, in diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglyce-
physicians vs. nurses and, 217
mic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, 92
policy and position statements of professional
Emergency Care Research Institute, Medical Devices organizations and, 143
Safety Reports of, 412 413 public knowledge and, 198—199
document types in, 413 public policy and community dialogue and
150-151]
Emergency Nurses Association, on family presence
quality, domains of, 203
during resuscitation, 178—179, 183
research for, 150
Endocrine system, in elderly, medication administra- sociocultural context of, 141
tion safety and, 431 spiritual care in, 171-176
technological imperative and, 141 —142
End of life care, alternatives and change in, Institute unification vs. fragmentation of, 199—200
of Medicine study and, 142 value conflicts in, 135—136
Study to Understand Prognosis and
Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Endotracheal tube, nosocomial pneumonia from, 420
lreatment study and, 142 Enteral nutrition, for stress ulcers, 48
autonomy 1n, i44. 166—168
Epinephrine, for decreased afterload, 75
barriers to ideal, 198—199
legal myths as, 143—144 Epitifibatide, in anticoagulation, 12
benefits and burdens in, 135—136
Equipment, standardization of, for patient safety, 344
clinical context of, influencing, 149-151
clinician education and training and, 198—199 Error. See also Medication errors
communication in, values and, 149 analysis of, for contributory cause, 355-356
critical care nursing and, 134-136 for root cause. See Root cause analysis.
concerns in, 134 definition of, 334
milieu and culture of critical care and, definitions of, 401
135, 149 disclosure of, definition of, 401
cultural and spiritual care in, 148—149 in American Medical Association Code
decision making in, nurses vs. physicians of Ethics, 402
in, 129 failure mode and effects analysis of, 387
educational resources for, 204—205 human factor in, 386—387
education for critical care, 150 incidents of mal-outcome as, disclosure to
ethical issues in, 141-155 patient, 402
ethical perspectives in, 144—148 in medical device use, knowledge-based,
ethical violations in, response to, 168—169 408 —409
ethics committees in, 150 latent, 409
financing of, 205 rule-based, 408 —409
hospice and palliative care and, 142—143 skill-based, 408-409
hospital culture and, 198-199 JCAHCO definition of, 414
ICU care and, 197-200 lapses and, 386
ICU vs. palliative care goals and values in, 136 measurement and reporting of, analysis of
improvement of, strategies for, 148-149 findings in, 378
Index / Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 14 (2002) 435-453
clinical value compass in, physician in, 350
376 397 383 process absorbers for, 352
data analysis in, 378—380 redundancy in multi-step systems,
data quality and, 379-380 respiratory therapist in, 351
statistical tests in, 379—380 shared accountability in, 355
database construction for, 377 skill maintenance program for, 352—353
measurement tools for, 380—382 system variance in, weak human factors
outcomes in, 376—378 and, 351—353
process in, 376—377 visual control in, 355
structured care methods in, design of, 378 pes
pas : Error rates, capturing and reporting, 375-384
implementation of, 378
structure in, 376—377 Error reduction, critical thinking in, 385-390
measurement of, fishbone diagram in, 380 multidisciplinary approach to, 359-367
serial V concept for, 377, 380-381 action plan in, 365
reporting and disclosing of, moral obligation clinician cooperation/collaboration in, 360
in, 401-405 executive leadership in, 361
reporting and disclosure of nursing errors, expansion beyond patient care setting,
American Nurses’ Association Code of 366-367
Ethics and, 402 individual accountability vs. systems
competing interests in, 402 issues in, 361 —362
concerns in, 402—405 Medication Event Subcommittee in, 360
ethical obligations in, 403 nonpunitive environment in, 36]
in duty-based (deontologic) ethics, 404 patient and family disclosure in, 363
in ethics-of-care theory, 404 patient and family involvement in, 363, 366
in utilitarian (consequentialist) ethics, process design in, 361—363, 366
403 —404 root cause analysis in, 360, 363—365
nurses’ moral obligation in, 405 rounding in, 361
ramifications of, for nurses and
és Esmolol, 60
nursing, 403
st he : adverse effects of, 60
reasons for failure to, 403
reporting of, benchmarking and, 382 Ethics, and withdrawal of nutritional support, 194
control charts in, 381—382 in critical care, 145—146
definition of, 401 in end of life care, 141-155
format of, considerations in, - 384 in ICU, 157-163. See also under /ntensive
documentation in, 384 care unit (ICU)
goal-directed action planning in, 383 in pain management, 165—170
risk and, 382 in reporting and disclosure of error, 402
einen. adjustment in, 382 Ethics committee, pain management and, in end of
types of, 386 life care, 169
Error prevention, proactive, contributory cause anal- Ethics-of-care theory, commitment to relationship in,
ysis, 355-356 404—405
evidence-based decision-making, 349 error reporting and disclosure in, 404
implementation of care guidelines in, 349—350
in intensive care unit, 347—358 uthanasia, 148
medication use system, evaluation of, definition of, 148
3 a2 osI<
medication use system evaluation in, 35: F
multidisciplinary collaboration in,: : Fail ; 1 eff lvsis (FMEA
; : ‘ailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), as team
national standards and, 347—348 ys ee eres Sie
a eee exercise, in critical thinking, 38
nurse in, 350—351 fentificati 327,
a i in error identification, 3:
observability for, 352
patient/family control in, 348 Family, error disclosure to, 363
pharmacist in, 351] in error reduction, 363—366
Index / Crit Care Nurs Clin \ 4m 14 (2002) 435-453
needs of, during withdrawal of life support, in current use, 27
187-191 See also Withdrawal of ketolides, 23 24
fe support lincosamides, 23 24
end of life spiritual care and, 173—174 oxazolidinones, 24 25
of dying patient, 204 quinolones, 25 26
resuscitation and, presence during, 177- 185 rifamycin, 26
See also under Resuscitation
Group practice, in advanced practice nursing,
rr
Fecal impaction, in elderly, medication-induced, challenges and rewards in, 22 2 228
430-43] criteria for success of, 228
ownership of, 227
Federal government initiatives, outcome selection
from, fot advanced practice nursing research,
> cs. 967
Fenoldopam, for decreased afterload, 75 Haloperidol, in neuroscience intensive care unit, 37
Flecainide, indications and action of, 59 Handwashing, nosocomial infection and, prevention
of, 418, 420-421
Fluids, in diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic
Hazardous condition, JCAHCO definition of, 414
hyperosmolar nonketotic ketoacidosis, 92
Fluoroquinolones, for gram-positive infections, Healing, vs. cure, in palliative care, 138
,« > 6 Health care, aviation model in, adaptation of,
Fosphenytoin, for seizure contro] In neuroscience 334 2326
3
intensive care unit, Health care system, errors in, comparison with
Foundation for Accountability, outcome selection aviation industry,
from, for advanced practice nursing factors in, 334
raee seaereceh , 2<55 6 S77 mortality and, 334
Frailty, characterization of, 283 284 Healthy People 2010, outcome selection from, for
of aging patients, autonomy criterion and, 284 advanced practice nursing research,
standardized definition of, 284 253-254
Furosemide, in preload, 74 Hearing, in elderly, medication administration safety
and, 429
Heart failure, antidysrhythmic pharmacotherapy
for, 68
G
Gastrointestinal system, in elderly, oral medication Hemodynamic parameters, arterial pressures, 7
administration safety and, 430 assessment of, 71]
circulatory system in, 71 "79
Gastrointestinal tract, upper, in nosocomial
pharmacologic interventions and, 71—76
pneumonia, 420
Hemodynamics, afterload in, 7
Gender, in outcomes research, controlling for, 264
drugs affecting,oO 74—75
Glucagon, in diabetic ketoacidosis, 85 s6 contractility in, 7 > 7i9d
effects of, 85 36 neurohormonal control of heart in, 73
pharmacologic intervention in, 73—76
Glucoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, in antico-
preload in, 72—73
agulation, 12
drugs affecting, 73—74
Glycopeptides, for gram-positive infections, 23 24
Heparin, history of, 7
Gram-positive infections, aerobic and anaerobic bac- unfractionated and low-molecular weight, 13—14
teria in, 17 19
Herbal preparations, elderly use of, safety concerns
antibiotics for, 3-lactams, 21
dosing of, 26 ,~ and, 432
for future use, 27-28 High-alert medications, 371—3 279
glycopeptides. 23 24 errors with, making visible, .3—7 1
Index Crit Care Nurs Clin AV 1m 14 (2002) 435—453 443
minimizing consequences of, 371, 373 Hypoglycemia, in diabetes mellitus, pathophysiology
reduction or elimination of, 37] of, 87-88
root causes analysis of, 374 precipitating factors in, 88
Institute for Safe Medication Practices and, 374 signs and symptoms of, 88—89
patient safety and, 342 laboratory values in, 89-9]
problems associated with, 372
Hypoglycemic unawareness, definition of, 88
80/20 rule and, 369-374
safeguarding of, fail-safes in, 373
order communication in,
standardization of
is Ibultilide, adverse effects of, 61, 63
system redundancies in, 3 3* indications and action of, 63
special considerations with, 377 1
Immune system, in elderly, medication administration
High-risk drugs, ordering and administration of, safety and, 43]
patient safety and, 342
Immunosuppressive(s), in kidney transplantation,
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists, for stress ulcers,
99-101
46-47 azathioprine, 99, 102—103
Homeostenosis, in aging population, 288 corticosteroids, 102
current, 102 105
Home remedies, use by elderly, 115, 11
cyclosporine, 99, 104 105,
Hospice, barriers to, 142 143 future, 107—108
palliative care and, 128 history of, 99, 101]
in induction therapy, 106—107
Hospital practice, in advanced practice nursing,
mycophenolate mofetil, 104—105
Medicare billing in, 228
sirolimus, 105
reporting structure in, 228
tacrolimus, 104, 107
Human factor, in error, 386—387
Induction therapy, in immunosuppression, antithymo-
in patient safety system evaluation, example
cyte globulin in, equine, 106
of, 353 354
rabbit, 106—107
Human factor engineering, medical device errors basilizimab for, 107
and, 411 daclizumab for, 107
muromonab-CD3 for, 106
Human factor science, in critical thinking,
385. 390 Inhaled nitric oxide, in infants and children, concen-
tration of, 3
Hyperglycemia. See also Hyperglycemic hyperosmo-
in cardiac catheterization, 2—3
lar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).
in diagnosis, 2
in diabetes mellitus, 89
toxic effects of, conversion to nitric
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome dioxide, 4
(HHNS), complications of, cerebral methemoglobulin formation, 3—4
edema, 93—94 platelet function alteration, 4
metabolic, 93 weaning from, 4
laboratory values in, 89—9]
Inotropic medications, for decreased contractility, 75
pathogenesis of, 86—87
pathophysiology of, 86—87 Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP),
precipitating factors in, 88 information from, 374
signs and symptoms of, 88—89 Medication Safety Self-Assessment Survey of,
treatment of, bicarbonate in, 92
electrolytes in, 92
Institute of Medicine (IOM), end of life care and, 142
fluids in, 92
on death trajectories, 203
insulin in, 91—92
on end of life care, patient and family in,
Hyperventilation, for pulmonary hypertension in 348 —349
newborn, 2 on patient safety, 366
Index Crit Care Nurs Clin \ 1m 14 (2002) 43:
on quality, 366 K
patient safety and, recommendations for, Ketolides, for gram-positive infections, 23—24
quality of care and, 348
safety, requirements for, 356 Kidney, in elderly, medication administration safety
and, 431
Insulin, deficiency of, in diabetes mellitus, effects of, transplantation of, immunosuppressives in,
83-85 99-109
in DKA and HHNS, 91-92
intravenous protocol for, 94
sliding scale therapy, in transition from critical L
care unit, 94—95 Lapses, information storage and, 386
subcutaneous, algorithm for, 95
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), 82
Integumentary system, in elderly, topical medication
Leaders, formal and informal, in multisite advanced
administration safety and, 428
practice nursing, 301 —302
Intensive care, decision making in, 15
Leadership, unit, advanced practice nurse integration
Intensive care unit (ICU), end of life care and, train- into, 320
ing for, 157—158
Leapfrog Group, patient safety standards and,
end of life care on, case example of, 198 347348
optimal, 197—198
reformation of, 199—200 Learning, in multisite advanced practice nursing,
ethical conflicts in, 158
Legal issues, in end of life care, 141-155. See
ethical issues in, bedside rationing, 161
under End of life care
do not resuscitate and terminally ill
issues, 16] Lepirudin, in anticoagulation, 14
generational, 159—160
Lidocaine, indications and action of, 58
high technology treatment vs metabolism of, in elderly, 114
experimentation, 160—161
intergenerational, 160 Life support, withdrawal of, family needs during
187-191
restraint use, 161
surrogate decision making in Lincosamides, for gram-positive infections, 23—24
ethical principles in, 158—159
Linezolid, for gram-positive infections, 24—25
ethics of care in, 158
neonatal, ethical issues in, 159-160 Liver function, in elderly, 114-115
nurses in, 158
Long-term ventilated patient project, advanced prac-
pediatric, ethical issues in, 160
tice nurse as Outcomes manager in, clinical
power issues in, 158
pathway development for, multidisciplinary,
refusal of treatment in, 162
233-236
evaluation of Burns Weaning
Assessment Program in, 242
extension to pulmonary suite, 241
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care future directions, 240—241
Organizations (JCAHCO), initiatives of. goals for outcomes manager, 236
outcome for advanced practice nursing impact of, 240—241
research and, 256 obstacles to, buy-in, 237—239
medical device error reporting and, definitions communication and adherence to
in, 414 weaning plan, 240
on patient safety, 347 time management, unit
patient safety programs, component leadership, 240
requirements of, 413 selection of outcomes manager for,
Justice, and error reporting and disclosure, 403 weaning protocol for, 232
weaning protocol for, 232
in end of life care, 145
in ICl care, 159 Loop diuretics, in elderly, confusion with, 115