Critical Care Clinics 1999: Vol 15 Index

15 Pages·1999·2.3 MB·English

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Volume 15
January PERSPECTIVES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT, pages 1-233
April ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES, pages 235-479
July COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE,
pages 481-665
October ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE, pages
667-869
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type
Absorption, drug, in pain management, 60 Agitation, treatment, 125-126
Abstract discharge database, 469 Alcoholics, rhabdomyolysis in, 420-421
Accidental hypothermia, 235-249. See also Algorithm(s), development of, 531-540
Hypothermia, accidental. abandonment of personal clinician
Acclimatization, 254 style in, 539-540
Acid-base balance, labor and delivery application at point of care, 534
effects on, 203 around-the-clock protocol support in,
Active core rewarming, for accidental 539
hypothermia, 244-246 availability of accurate, precise, timely,
Active external rewarming, for accidental and representative data in,
hypothermia, 244 534-535
Active rewarming, for accidental caveats of, 540-541
hypothermia, 244 clinican refusal to follow instructions
Acute brain ischemia, nonthrombolytic in, reasons for, 535-536
approach to, 755-776. See also Brain clinician benefit in, 531-532
ischemia, acute, nonthrombolytic approach clinician involvement in, 531-532
to. credible clinical leadership in, 531
Acute mountain sickness, 272-273 explicit and executable instructions in,
Acute pain service, 143-150 534
need for, 143-144 explicit logic, rules, and thresholds for
special considerations, 148-149 variables in, 532-533
Acute physiology and chronic health iterative refinement in, 536
evaluation system II (APACHE II), limitations of, 540-541
635-636 outcomes of, 533-534
Acute physiology and chronic health satisfactory performance of robust
evaluation system [I (APACHE III), product in, 538-539
636 simplicity of, 536-537
Acute renal failure, ketorolac and, 99 Altitude, high, asthmatic effects of, 277
Adrenergic response, labor and delivery cardiovascular response to, 271-272
effects on, 203-204 control of breathing at, 268
Adverse drug events (ADEs), costs and medical conditions affected by, 277
consequences of, in hospitalized physics of, 266
patients, 510 pulmonary disorders due to, 272-277
Affective measures, in subjective pulmonary function changes in
evaluation of pain, 43-45 response to, 271
855
856 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Altitude (Continued) early intensive care and stabilization
pulmonary physiologic responses to, for, 670
266-268 endovascular therapy for, 671-679
sleep disturbances at, 268-269 Guglielmi Detachable Coils in,
ventilatory response to, 267-268 671-679. See also Guglielmi
Altitude-related pulmonary disorders, Detachable Coils, in endovascular
265-280. See also Altitude, high; treatment of ruptured aneurysms.
Pulmonary disorders, altitude-related. intraprocedural critical care, 679-680
Amebiasis, 392 medical complications, 680-681
Analgesia, epidural. See Epidural analgesia. neurologic complications, 681-682
extradural, for pain management in pedi-
periprocedural critical care, 680-682
atric ICU, 195-197
initial clinical presentation, 668
for pain, adjuncts to, 119-141
epidural. analgesia. See Epidural analge- initial evaluation and diagnosis,
669-670
sia.
neurointensive care for, 668-670
patient-controlled analgesia. See Pa-
tient-controlled analgesia. treatment, 667-684
preemptive analgesia, 146-147 endovascular, 671-679. See also
for trauma and burns, 167-184. See also Aneurysm(s), ruptured,
Burn(s), analgesia for; Trauma, analge- endovascular therapy for.
sia for. traumatic, endovascular therapy for, ad,
influence on stress response, 8-9 813-815
interpleural, for pain control in iCU, vasospasms due to, endovascular ther-
81-82 apy for, 685-699. See also Vasospasm,
intrathecal, for pain, 105-118. See also In- aneurysmal, endovascular therapy for.
trathecal analgesia, for pain. Angiography, in ruptured aneurysm
intravascular, patient-controlled, during assessment, 671
labor and delivery, 214 Angioplasty, balloon, for aneurysmal
intravenous, 89-104. See also Intravenous vasospasm, 695-696
analgesia. for traumatic carotid-cavernous
pain and, 10-13 fistulas, 841-846
patient-controlled, epidural, during la- in acute brain ischemia, 763-766
bor and delivery, 213-214
for vertebrobasilar circulation ischemia,
for pain; 147 737-739
in pediatric ICU, 194-195
immediate, for aneurysmal vasospasm,
intravenous, for trauma, 172-173 694
regional, and chest trauma, 177-180 intracranial, thrombolysis for, 711-712
spinal, continuous, during labor and de-
Anthrax, 392, 395
livery, 213
Anticoagulation therapy, during labor and
spinal-epidural, during labor and deliv-
ery, 212-213 delivery, 217-218
techniques, types, 159-163 Anti-inflammatory drugs, nonsteroidal
Analgesic(s), opioid narcotic, in pain (NSAIDs), for pain management in
management, 62-66 pediatric ICU, 192-193
Anesthesia Intensive Care-LIST (AIC-L), for trauma, 171-172
607-608 mechanism of action of, 192
Anesthesia / anesthetics, effects on side effects, 192-193
postoperative pulmonary dysfunction, Anxiolytic(s), for pain, 121-122
156 Aortic stenosis, pregnancy and, 223-224
intrathecal local, for pain, 109 APACHE II, 635-636
local, for pain, 159-163 APACHE III, 636
regional, for pain control in ICU, 77-88
ARKS, 567-568
continuous plexus blockade, 83-86 Arrhythmia(s), electrical and lightning
femoral nerve block, 86-87
injuries and, 323
intercostal nerve block, 78-81
interpleural analgesia, 81-82 Arterial blood gas(es), accidental
hypothermia effects on, 239-240
paravertebral block, 82-83
for trauma, 173-175 Arthropodborne viruses, 395-396
Aneurysm(s), ruptured, angiographic Aspirin, during labor and delivery, 218
assessment, 671 Asthma, altitude effects on, 277
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Babesiosis, 396-397 principles of, 758
Balloon angioplasty, for aneurysmal Bronchitis, high-altitude, 276
vasospasm, 695-696 Bronchospasm, ketorolac and, 101
for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas, Brucellosis, 398
841-846 Burn(s), 321-322
in acute brain ischemia, 763-766 analgesia for, 180-181
Barotrauma, 429-432 following radiation injuries, 469-470
dental, 432 hypermetabolic response to, 340-342
external-ear, 430 management, 342-346
gastrointestinal, 432 acute, 333-338
inner-ear, 431
mask, 430
middle-ear, 430-431
CANDI, 568
otic, 430-431
Carbon monoxide poisoning, 297-317
pulmonary, 430
behavioral effects of, 308
sinus, 431-432
carboxyhemaglobin elimination in, 302-
Bartonella sp., waterborne and wilderness
303
infections due to, 397
causes, 300-301
Baseline data, in clinical management
clinical manifestations, 301-302
database, 489 incidence, 300-301
Basilar artery occlusion, natural history of,
long-term outcome following, 308-310
721-723
pathophysiology, 303-306
Behavior(s), carbon monoxide effects on, prevention, 310-311
308
randomized clinical trials of, 306-308
pain perception and, factors affecting,
treatment, 306
38-39
Carboxyhemaglobin elimination, 302-303
objective evlauation, 46-47 Cardiac bypass surgery, mechanical
Behavioral techniques, for pain ventilation withdrawal following, 525
management in pediatric ICU, 187-188 Cardiac disease, and pregnancy, 220-225
Benchmarking, defined, 484, 494-495 Cardiomyopathy, peripartum, pregnancy
in clinical management database, 484, and, 224-225
494-495 Cardiovascular system, accidental
Benzodiazepine(s), for pain, 122-123 hypothermia effects on, 237-239
Bias, lead time, defined, 640-641 altitude effects on, 271-272
Bispectral analysis, in objective evaluation labor and delivery effects on, 204-205
of pain, 48-49 near drowning effects on, 285
Blastomycosis, 397-398 Carotid circulation ischemia, acute, clinical
Blood sugar, accidental hypothermia features, 701-702
effects on, 240 emergency-room assessment, 705-706
Blood urea nitrogen, accidental emergent stroke evaluation in, 705-707
hypothermia effects on, 240 intra-arterial thrombolysis for, 701-718
Brain ischemia, acute, background of, blood pressure management, 706, 716-
756-758 717
neuroendovascular rescue for, balloon complications, 714-716
angioplasty in, 763-766 future considerations in, 717
direct mechanical disruption in, 763 medical considerations in, 706-707
drugs in, 771 results, 707-710
embolectomy in, 766, 771 special considerations with, 711-714
future techniques in, 771 technical considerations in, 702-705
general procedural technique, vs. intravenous thrombolysis, 707
762-763 postthrombolysis management, 715-716
technical aspects of, 762-771 Carotid occlusion, thrombolysis for, 711
neurointensive care support for, Carotid-cavernous fistulas, traumatic,
759-762 diagnosis, 837-840
intraprocedural management, endovascular therapy for, 831-854
760-761 coils, 847
postprocedural management, detachable balloon, 841-846
761-762 ophthalmic vein exposure approach
preprocedural care, 759-760 to, 847-849
nonthrombolytic approach to, 755-776 techniques, 841-849
858 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Carotid-cavernous fistulas (Continued) Clinical trial data, 623, 627-628
natural history of, 840 CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS).
origin of, 833 Coagulation, accidental hypothermia
signs and symptoms, 833-837 effects on, 239
treatment, 841 Coagulation profile, accidental
Case mix, defined, 640 hypothermia effects on, 240
Cavernous sinus, anatomy of, 832-833 Coagulopathy, and central nervous
CCM-L (Critical Care Medicine-LIST), 607 blockade, during labor and delivery,
Census data, 625 216-218
Central hospital laboratory, point-of-care Coccidioidomycosis, 398-399
testing in, 578 Codeine, for pain management in pediatric
Central nervous blockade, coagulopathy ICU, 191
and, 216-218 COMMES/PACE, 567
Central nervous system (CNS), accidental Complete blood count, accidental
hypothermia effects on, 237 hypothermia effects on, 240
electrical and lightning injuries effects Computer(s), as analyst, 559-560
on, 324 as scribe, 556-557
near drowning effects on, 285-286 as “watcher,” 555
Cerebral arteries, extracranial, traumatic closing loop with, 552-553
injuries of, endovascular therapy for. Computer-assisted test interpretation, 569
See also Extracranial cerebral arteries, Computerized displays, 553-555
traumatic injuries of, endovascular Computerized flowcharts, 642
therapy for. Computerized physiologic monitoring,
endovascular therapy of, 789-809 547-562
intracranial, traumatic injuries of, endo- computerized displays, 553-555
vascular therapy for, 811-829. See principles of, 550-557
also Intracranial cerebral arteries, trau- recommendations for, 560
matic injuries of, endovascular therapy requirements for, 558
for. single system physiologic monitors in,
Charcoal, asphyxiation of, 298-300 555-556
Chest trauma, regional analgesia and, Computerized protocols, and bedside
177-180 decision support, 523-545
Children, subjective evaluation of pain in, alogorithm development in, 530-540.
45 See also Algorithm(s), development
of
Chronic mountain sickness, 276-277
Circulatory support, for accidental reduction of unnecessary variation in,
hypothermia, 243 527-530
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), error reduction in clinical practice
components and uses of, 506-509 caused by, 525-527
Clinical information systems (CISs), Computerlink, 569
features of, 512-518 Conn’s neurologic classification system,
Clinical management database, 481-497 291
baseline data in, 489 Continuous plexus blockade, for pain
database selection in, 491-495 control in ICU, 83-86
analytic functions, 492 Continuous spinal analgesia, during labor
availability of preprogrammed scoring and delivery, 213
systems in, 492-494 Corticosteroid(s), for gas bubble disease,
benchmarking in, 494-495 445
costs of, 494 Cramp(s), heat, 255
currently available databases, 495, 496 Creatinine, accidental hypothermia effects
data entry requirements, 491 on, 240
technical requirements, 494 Crotalidae snakebite, 354-369
data-collection process in, 489-490 clinical diagnosis, 359
defined, 482 clinical manifestations, 355-357
in evaluation of quality, 483-485 diagnosis, 357-359
resource utilization in, 485-487 differential diagnosis, 357
setting goals in, 488-489 laboratory diagnosis, 359
Clinical practice, errors in, reduction of, pathophysiology, 354-355
computers in, 525-527 prognosis, 368-369
Clinical thinking, stress response and, research and development of new cro-
18-19 talid antivenin for, 369
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999 859
treatment, 359-368 gas bubble disease, 432-447
administrative antidote, 363-368 hydrostatic pressure in, effects of, 448
hospital care, 361-363 immersion pulmonary edema, 447
immediate, 361 increased partial pressures of gases in,
“CU-SEEME,” 598-599 pharmacological and toxic effects of,
447-448
return to diving following, 449
treatment, 429-456
Data, baseline, in clinical management Doppler ultrasonography, transcranial, in
database, 489 aneurysms! vasospasm diagnosis,
Data registries, 622, 626 687-699
Database(s), clinical management, 481-497. Drawing(s), in subjective evaluation of
See also Clinical management database. pain, 43
large-scale, in outcome measurements, Drowning, near, 281-296. See also Near
615-631. See also Large-scale data- drowning.
bases, in outcome measurements. prevalence, 283
Data-collection process, in clinical secondary, defined, 282
management database, 489-490 Drug(s), for hypermetabolic response,
Decision analysis, assessment of diagnostic 341-342
efficacy in, 655-657 in pain management, 55-75. See also
basics of, 648-649 Pain, management, pharmacokinetic
cost-effectiveness of, 657 considerations in.
cost-utility analysis in, 657 Dural sinus thrombosis (DST), 743-753
decision tree in, 650-651
clinical presentation, 745
multiple outcomes of, 657 diagnosis, 745-746
expanded trees and scenarios in, 655—- endovasular therapy for, technique, 750-
660 751 ,
generic example of, 651-653 epidemiology, 744
in critical care medicine, 647-661
pathophysiology, 744-745
Markov models in, 658-660
treatment, 746-748
multiple states of health in, 655 heparin, 748
sensitivity analysis in, 653-655 thrombolytic agents, 748
multivariate, 654-655
univariate, 653-654
software in, 658-660
threshold analysis in, 653-655 Edema, heat, 256
time dependency in, 658-660 pulmonary. See Pulmonary edema.
Decision support products, 529 EEG. See Electroencephalography (EEG).
Decision support systems, computerized, Elapidae snakebite, 369-371
for clinical practice guideline, 569-570 clinical manifestations, 369-370
model-based, 568-570 diagnosis, 370
abstract discharge database, 469 disposition for, 371
computer-assisted test interpretation, pathophysiology, 369
569 prognosis, 371
Computerlink, 569 treatment, 370-371
MAUD, 568-570 hospital, 370-371
Decision tree, 650-651 new antivenin, 371
Delayed ischemic neuroloige deficit, prehospital, 370
aneurysmal vasospasm and, 686-687 Electrical injuries, 319-331
Dental barotrauma, 432 arrhythmias due to, 323
Depression, treatment, 126-129 burns, 321
Diaphragmatic dysfunction, 154-155 cardiac effects, 323-324
Diazepam, for pain, 122 CNS effects, 324
Disseminated intravascular coagulation epidemiology, 319-320
(DIC), during labor and delivery, 217 management, 325-328
Distribution, drug, in pain management, musculoskeletal effects, 325
60-61 myocardial damage due to, 323-324
Diving emergencies, 429-456. See also ophthalmologic effects, 325
specific emergency, e.g., Barotrauma. otologic effects, 325
barotrauma, 429-432 pathophysiology, 320-321
860 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Electrical injuries (Continued) of traumatic injuries of intracranial cere-
vascular effects, 322 bral arteries, 811-829. See also Intra-
visceral effects, 324-325 cranial cerebral arteries, traumatic in-
Electrocardiography (ECG), abnormalities juries of, endovascular therapy for.
in, accidental hypothermia effects on, End-stage liver disease, opioid narcotic
241 analgesic effects on, 69-71
Electroencephalography (EEG), in objective Enrollment data, 622, 625
evaluation of pain, 48-49 Envenomation(s), 353-386. See also specific
type.
Electrolyte(s), abnormalities of,
rhabdomyolysis and, 422-423 scorpion, 377-380. See also Scorpion en-
serum, accidental hypothermia effects venomation.
on, 240 snake, 353-371. See also Snake envenoma-
Electronic clinical data, 622, 626 tion.
Electronic flowcharts, 642 spider, 372-377. See also Spider envenoma-
Electronic mail (e-mail), accessing of, 595 tion.
Environmental radiation releases, types,
Electronic medical records (EMRs), in ICU,
459-460
499-522
Epidural analgesia, during labor and
advantages of, 501
alarms of, 509-510 delivery, 207-210
for pain, 109-112, 147-148, 159-163
alert systems of, 509-510
patient-controlled, during labor and de-
clinical applications of, 514-518
livery, 213-214
data acquisition and retrieval in,
Epidural catheter placement, technique,
503-505
112-114
effect of decision support on costs of,
Ethical issues, in near-drowning victims’
510-511
treatment, 292
feedback systems of, 509-510
Exercise, rhabdomyolysis in, 418-420
hardware, software, and system
Exhaustion, heat, 256-257
architecture of, 513-514
External irradiation, clinical effects,
improved information access and
460-462
improved documentation
External-ear barotrauma, 430
associated with, 501-503 Extracranial cerebral arteries, traumatic
power of, 505-511 injuries of, clinical features, 790-791,
problems associated with, 500-503 792-793
user acceptance of, 511-512 diagnostic evaluation, 793-794
uses of, 501, 514-518 endovascular therapy for, 789-809
Elimination, drug, in pain management, angioplasty and stenting, 801-803
61-62 current clinical approach to, 793-795
Embolectomy, in acute brain ischemia, 766, historical background, 790-793
771 in search of true lumen, 801
EMRs. See Electronic medical records preprocedural care, 803-806
(EMRs). principles of, 795-797
Encounter datasets, 621, 622 technical aspects of, 798-803
Endovascular therapy, dural sinus technique, 798-801
thrombosis, 743-753. See also Dural epidemiology, 790-791
sinus thrombosis (DST), endovascular intraprocedural management, 806-807
therapy for. pathologic features, 791-792
for aneurysmal vasospasm, 685-699. See postprocedural management, 807
also Vasospasm, aneurysmal, endovas- treatment, options for, 794-795
cular therapy for. Extradural analgesia, for pain management
in pediatric ICU, 195-197
of basilar occlusion, 727-737
Eye(s), electrical and lightning injuries
of ruptured aneurysms, 667-684. See
effects on, 325
also Aneurysm(s), ruptured, treatment.
of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas,
831-854. See also Carotid-cavernous
fistulas, traumatic, endovascular ther- Femoral nerve block, for pain control in
apy for. ICU, 86-87
of traumatic injuries of extracranial cere- Fentanyl, in pain management, 65
bral arteries, 789-809 in pediatric ICU, 191
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Fever, typhoid, 406 Heat cramps, 255
vs. hyperthermia, 254 Heat edema, 256
File transfer protocol (ftp), accessing of, Heat exhaustion, 256-257
598 Heat gain, 252
Fistula(s), carotid-cavernous, traumatic, Heat loss, 252
endovascular therapy for, 831-854. See Heat syncope, 255-256
also Carotid-cavernous fistulas, Heat tetany, 255
traumatic, endovascular therapy for. Heat-related illnesses, 251-263
endovascular therapy for, 815-816 clinical manifestations, 255-257
FLEXPERT, 568 epidemiology, 251
Flowcharts, electronic, 642 minor, 255-257
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, ketorolac pathophysiology, 251-254
and, 98-99 predisposing factors to, 254-255
Fluid resuscitation, thermal injuries and, prevention, 262
336-338 Heatstroke, 257-262
Fracture(s), long bone, of leg, intrathecal clinical manifestations, 258-260
and epidural analgesia for, 115-116 methods of cooling, 260-262
pelvic, intrathecal and epidural analge- rhabdomyolysis and, 423-424
sia for, 115-116 types, 257-258
rib, multiple, intrathecal and epidural an- Hemodynamic instability, opioids and,
algesia for, 114-115 90-91
Hemostatic impairment, ketorolac and,
100-101
Heparin, during labor and delivery,
Gas bubble disease, 432-447 217-218
diagnosis, 433-435 for deep venous thrombosis, 748
differential diagnosis, 435-436 High altitude. See Altitude, high.
pathophysiology, 432-433 High-altitude bronchitis (HAB), 276
signs and symptoms, 433-435 High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE),
treatment, 436-447 273-276
adjunctive, 445 clinical features, 274
clinical course of, 446-447 definitions related to, 273
immediate, 436-447 diagnosis, 274
pharmacotherapy, 445-446 history of, 273
recompression, 437-445 incidence, 273
Gastrointestinal barotrauma, 432 morbidity associated with, 276
Gastrointestinal system, accidental mortality associated with, 276
hypothermia effects on, 239 pathophysiology, 274-275
Gastrointestinal tract, ketorolac effects on, prevention, 275-276
99-100 treatment, 275-276
opioid effects on, 92-93 High-altitude simulation test (HAST), 277
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 637 High-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS),
Guglielmi Detachable Coils, in 448
endovascular treatment of ruptured High-quality care, defined, 633-634
aneurysms, 671-679 Histoplasmosis, 399-400
history of, 671-672 Hydromorphone, in pain management, 66
indications, 672-674 Hydrostatic pressure, effects in diving
results, 678-679 emergencies, 448
technique, 674-678 Hypermetabolic response, to burn, 340-342
physiologic basis of, 340-342
Hypertext Markup Text Language
(HTML), 606
Hantaviruses, 399 Hyperthermia, vs. fever, 254
HAPE. See High-altitude pulmonary edema Hypobaric hypoxia, pulmonary vascular
(HAPE). responses to, 269-271
Health Care Financing Administration Hypothermia, accidental, 235-249
(HCFA), 621 circulatory support for, 243
Heart, electrical and lightning injuries clinical manifestations, 237-239
effects on, 323-324 diagnosis, 237-241
Heat, prickly, 256 epidemiology, 236-237
862 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Hypothermia (Continued) Internal irradiation, clinical effects,
initial stabilization in, 242 464-465
laboratory evaluations, 239-241 Internet, clinical pathways and, 611-613
management, 241-246 clinicians and, 606-607
prevention, 247 critical care and, 605-614
prognosis, 246 described, 605-606
rewarming methods for, 243-246 future of, 613
volume resuscitation for, 242-243 problems associated with, 609-610
causes, 236 regulation and, 610-611
defined, 235 Interpleural analgesia, for pain control in
Hypothermic retrograde transvenous ICU, 81-82
neuroperfusion, 787 Intra-arterial thrombolysis, for carotid
Hypoxia, hypobaric, pulmonary vascular circulation ischemia, 701-718. See also
responses to, 269-271 Carotid circulation ischemia, intra-arterial
thrombolysis for.
for vertebrobasilar circulation ischemia,
719-742. See also Vertebrobasilar circu-
ICU. See Intensive care unit (ICU). lation ischemia, intra-arterial thrombol-
Immediate angioplasty, for aneurysmal ysis for.
vasospasm, 694 Intracranial angioplasty, thrombolysis for,
Immersion pulmonary edema, 447 711-712
Immersion syndrome, defined, 282 Intracranial cerebral arteries, traumatic
Infection(s). See also specific type. injuries of, endovascular therapy
following radiation injuries, control of, for, 811-829
468-469 case studies, 819-822
rhabdomyolysis, 421-422 dissections in, 812-813
waterborne, 387-414 materials in, 816-817
wilderness, 387-414 neurocritical care aspects of,
Inflammatory states, pain due to, 6-7 822-826
Informatics, nursing, 563-576. See also patient history in, 816
Nursing informatics. procedures, 817-819
point-of-care testing, 577-591. See also epidemiology, 812-816
Point-of-care testing. pathology, 812-816
Information resources, access to, 567-568 Intrathecal analgesia, for pain, 105-118
ARKS, 567-568 development of, 105-108
CANDI, 568 in pediatric ICU, 195-197
COMMES/PACE, 567 Intrathecal opioids, during labor and
FLEXPERT, 568 delivery, 210-212
MAUD, 568-570 for pain, 109
Inhalation injury, 338-340 Intravascular analgesia, patient-controlled,
diagnosis, 339-340 during labor and delivery, 214
management, 340 Intravenous analgesia, 89-104
pathophysiology, 338-339 ketamine, 93-97
Injury Severity Score (ISS), 637 ketorolac, 97-101
Inner-ear barotrauma, 431 Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia
Intensive care unit (ICU), EMRs in, (IV-PCA), for trauma, 172-173
499-522. See also Electronic medical Intravenous thrombolysis, for carotid
records (EMRs), in ICU. circulation ischemia, 707
following thrombolysis, 715-716 Ischemia, brain, acute, nonthrombolytic
ketamine in, 94-95 approach to, 755-776. See also Brain
ketorolac in, advantages of, 98 ischemia, acute, nonthrombolytic approach
near-drowning victims in, 288-290 to.
opioid narcotic analgesics in, risks of, carotid circulation, intra-arterial throm-
69-71 bolysis for, 701-718. See also Carotid
pediatric, pain management in, 185-200. circulation ischemia, intra-arterial
See also Pain, management, in pediat- thrombolysis for.
ric ICU. vertebrobasilar circulation, intra-arterial
stress response in, 26-31 thrombolysis for, 719-742. See also
Intercostal nerve block, for pain control in Vertebrobasilar circulation ischemia, in-
ICU, 78-81 tra-arterial thrombolysis for.
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999 863
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Leg(s), long bone fractures of, intrathecal
Healthcare Organizations ((CAHO), and epidural analgesia for, 115-116
483 Leptospirosis, 400
Lidocaine, for gas bubble disease, 445-446
Lightning injuries, 319-331
arrhythmias due to, 323
Ketamine, contraindications, 97 burns, 321
for pain, 93-97 cardiac effects, 323-324
hemodynamic considerations with, 95 CNS effects, 324
ICU experience with, 94-95 epidemiology, 319-320
pharmacokinetics, 93-94 management, 325-328
pulmonary considerations with, 96-97 musculoskeletal effects, 325
Ketorolac, acute renal failure due to, 99 myocardial damage due to, 323-324
bronchospasm due to, 101 ophthalmologic effects, 325
fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to,
otologic effects, 325
98-99 pathophysiology, 320-321
for pain, 97-101 vascular effects, 322
gastrointestinal complications, 99-100 visceral effects, 324-325
hemostatic impairment due to, 100-101 LISTSERV, 605-614
in ICU, advantages of, 98 Liver transplantation, opioid narcotic
toxicity of, 98-101 analgesic effects on, 71
Kidney(s), accidental hypothermia effects Lorazepam, for pain, 122
on, 239 Lower extremity blocks, for pain control in
ICU, 86-87
Lyme disease, 400-401
Labor and delivery, cardiovascular system
effects of, 204-205
pain pathways during, 206-207
Mailing lists, accessing of, 595-596
physiologic changes during, 201-207 Malaria, 401
respiratory system effects of, 201-204 Markov models, 658-660
Large-scale databases, in outcome Mask barotrauma, 430
measurements, 615-631 MAUD, 568-570
accuracy of, 619-620
Mechanical ventilation, withdrawal of,
annual zip code enrollment file, 625 following cardiac bypass surgery, 525
appropriateness of, 620 Medicaid data file, 624
census data, 625 Medicare Provider Analysis Review
clinical trial data, 623, 627-628 (MEDPAR), 621, 624
data registries, 622, 626 Medline resources, at bedside, 568
electronic clinical data, 622, 626 Meningoencephalitis, primary amebic, 402
enrollment data, 622, 625 Meperidine, in pain management, 65-66
evaluation of, criteria for, 619-620 in pediatric ICU, 191
feasibility of, 619 Metabolism, drug, in pain management,
future implications of, 628-629 61-62
national minimal ICU datasets, 623, Methadone, in pain management, in
628 pediatric ICU, 192
performance data, 622, 627 Midazolam, for pain, 122
prospective cohort data, 628 Middle-ear barotrauma, 430-431
results of, validity of, 618-619 Mitral stenosis, pregnancy and, 222-223
sources for, data sources, 620 Monge’s disease, 276-277
encounter data, 621, 622 Morphine, in pain management, 64
federal government and Medicare in pediatric ICU, 190-191
data, 621-622 Mortality probability model II (MPM II),
Medicaid data file, 624 637
private insurance claims, 624-625 Muscle injury, in rhabdomyolysis,
state hospital discharge databases, mechanisms of, 415-416
624 Musculoskeletal system, electrical and
sources of, 620-625 lightning injuries effects on, 325
survey data, 623, 626 Myocardial damage, electrical and
Lead time bias, defined, 640-641 lightning injuries and, 323-324
864 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1999
Myocardial infarction, pregnancy and, 224 Obstetric patients, pain managemeat in,
Myocardial ischemia, opioids and, 90 201-228
Myohemoglobin, direct nephrotoxic effects Opioid(s), and gastrointestinal tract, 92-93
of, 417-418 and hemodynamic instability, 90-91
and myocardial ischemia, 90
and respiratory system, 91-92
Naegleria, 402 epidural, for pain, 159-163
National minimal ICU datasets, 623, 628 for pain, 62-66, 89-93
Near drowning, 281-296 fentanyl, 65
aspiration of freshwater or saltwater hydromorphone, 66
fluid, 283-284 in pediatric ICU, 188-192
definitions associated with, 281-282 codeine, 191
epidemiology, 283 fentanyl, 191
ethical basis of decision-making for phy- mechanisms of action of, 188-189
sicians providing care for victims of meperidine, 191
submersion accidents, 292 methadone, 192
management, 286-290 morphine, 190-191
in emergency center, 287-288 side effects, 189-190
in ICU, 288-290 meperidine, 65-66
resuscitation at scene, 286-287 morphine, 64
neurologic injury due to, 286
for trauma, 173
outcomes following, 290-292 in ICU patients, risks of, 69-71
pathophysiology, 283-286
intrathecal, during labor and delivery,
prevention, 292-293
210-212
prognosis, 290-292
respiratory system effects of, 284-285 for pain, 106-108
Otic barotrauma, 430-431
Neuroendovascular therapy, for traumatic
injuries of extracranial cerebral Outcome assessment, severity scoring and,
633-646. See also Severity scoring, and
arteries, 795-797
Neurohormonal changes, perioperative, outcome assessment.
Outcome measurements, large-scale
afferent mechanisms responsible for,
22-24 databases in, 615-631. See also Large-
Neuroimaging, in vertebrobasilar scale databases, in outcome measurements.
circulation ischemia, 725-727
Neurologic injury, near drowning and,
pathophysiologic basis of, 286
Neuromuscular blockers, for pain, 131-136 Pain, 1-16
analgesia for, 10-13
Newsgroups, accessing of, 595-596
NSAIDs. See Anti-inflammatory drugs, adjuncts to, 119-141
nonsteroidal (NSAIDs). monitoring sedation levels, 120-121
Numerical scales, in subjective evaluation neuromuscular blockers, 131-136
of pain, 43 optimum level of sedation, 119-120
Nursing informatics, 563-576 preemptive, 146-147
access to information resources, 567-568. anxiolytics for, 121-122
See also under Information resources. assessment, 186-187
and critical care medicine, 571-574 in pediatric ICU, 186-187
and expert systems, 566-567 retrospective of, 2-4
and nursing management, 570-571 behaviors associated with, objective,
defined, 564 46-47
model-based decision support systems, benzodiazepines for, 122-123
568-570 causes, 1-2
progress in, barriers to, 565-566 control of, in ICU, regional anesthesia
Nursing management, nursing informatics techniques for, 77-88. See also Anes-
and, 570-571 thesia/anesthetics, regional, for pain con-
Nutritional support of hypermetabolic trol in ICU.
response to burn, 341 inadequate, reasons for, 145-146
epidural analgesia for. See Epidural anal-
gesia.
Objective pain behaviors, evaluation, 46-47 factors influencing, 4-5
Observational outcomes studies, in critical in children, 45
care, 616-618 in critically ill patients, evaluation, 35-54