Critical Capacity Development

145 Pages·2017·8.795 MB·English

by  Farhad Analoui, Joseph Kwadwo Danquah (auth.)

Critical Capacity Development
FarhadAnaloui(cid:129)JosephKwadwoDanquah
Critical Capacity
Development
FarhadAnaloui JosephKwadwoDanquah
UniversityofBradford,PeaceStudies UniversityofBradford,PeaceStudies
andInternationalDevelopment andInternationalDevelopment
Bradford,WestYorkshire Bradford,WestYorkshire
UnitedKingdom UnitedKingdom
ISBN978-3-319-47415-1 ISBN978-3-319-47416-8(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-47416-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016957754
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P
REFACE
Theaimofthisvolumeistocontributetotheneglected,leastknownand
understoodconceptof“CapacityDevelopment”inthecontextofhuman
and organizational sustainable development, and also to highlight and
relatetothedifferentperspectivesinthefieldofdevelopment.Themono-
graph focusses on providing support for students, enabling practitioners
and informing the readers about the dynamics of “Capacity
Development” and processes involved in critically analysing capacity
building and development initiatives, projects and programmes in the
context of human and organization development. Moreover, it aims to
present the students, academic scholars and development practitioners,
withavividaccountofrecentempiricalresearchinitiativesrelevanttothe
conceptsofstrategichumanresourcedevelopment,andcapacitybuilding
and development, by providing readers with the findings of groundwork
research concerning fundamental concepts of capacity, its development
and its management. The focus will be on realization of the role and
significance of capacity development for developing economies towards
the achievement of sustainable development. The volume will consist of
twomaincasestudiesandanumberofexamplesfrombothdevelopedand
developing economies toillustrate the conceptualframework forcapacity
development.
Themonographwilltakeintoperspectivethegenesisofcapacitydevel-
opment, why aid was disbursed in the form of physical assets and how
technicalcooperationwasusedtocomplementand/orachievedeveloping
countries’developmentobjectives.Whilecapacitydevelopmentinitiatives
and programmes have been used by most international and national
v
vi PREFACE
agencies during the past five decades, the term seems to mean different
things to different people especially amongst the major players in the
international community which weakens its usefulness. Therefore, this
empirical research, first of its kind, will take into account the different
perspectives andset groundrulesthatcan be utilizedby internationalaid
providers such as UNDP, OECD, World Bank, and CIDA and practi-
tioners alike. The authors will elaborate on the concept of capacity and
capacity development, and provide a single overarching framework that
can differentiateand encapsulatetheterms adequatelyand properly.
Conceptually, this volume will build on the accounts of predecessors
and their conceptualization of “institution building”, “institutional
strengthening”, “development management”, “strategic human resource
development”, “institutional development”, “capacity building/develop-
ment”, “developing knowledge network” and “participatory capacity
building/development” approaches popularized in the extant literature.
The focus will be on both their individuality and common characteristics
of existing approaches tothe aforementionedconcepts.
As will be demonstrated, capacity development is about change, effec-
tiveness, capabilities, self-sufficiency and sustainability. The volume will
focus on critical analysis of these terms and their implications for sustain-
abledevelopment.Inthefieldofdevelopmentpractice,capacitydevelop-
menthasitsownchallenges;thisvolumewillidentifythesechallengesand
opportunities,andwillproposemeasuresnecessarytoguaranteeasuccess-
fulprocess anddesirableoutcome.
Capacitydevelopmenthasbeendescribedasbothanapproachandasa
project/programme or initiative. This volume, for the first time, will
critically consider these terms with regard to sustainable development,
and also the levels of capacity development intervention (organizational,
enabling environment and individual) and approaches to capacity devel-
opment (organizational, institutional, system, participatory process, bot-
tom-up, top-down,partnershipandcommunityorganizing).
The contribution of the UNDP and World Bank to capacity develop-
ment processes will be examined practically in relation to three case
studies.Thus,thefindingsoftheempiricalresearch,onwhichthismono-
graphisbased,willhelpreaderstoanalysepotentialstrategiesforrestruc-
turing and enhancing organizational skills, behaviour and attitudes, and
develop capacity development programmes in order to respond to these
challenges.
PREFACE vii
Thismonographseekstobringclarityandsetthepace,bearinginmind
developing economies have different culture, political systems and socio-
economicenvironment.Asarguedinthegeneralliteraturecapacitydevel-
opmentisalong-termprocess,cannotbeledoutside,hastobeownedby
thebeneficiariesandonlyassistedbydonors.Clarityisimportantwiththe
term inachieving sustainable development.
The framework for this monograph is built around the complex and
critical nature of capacity development and capacity building issues that
thosecountriesandorganizations,especiallytheirmanagementandprac-
titioners, must consider when formulating and implementing their sus-
tainable development goals. Moving forward, this monograph has
developed a model for strategic capacity development, and this novel
strategy will enable the readers to comprehend the complexities involved
and enable the practitioner to confidently implement capacity develop-
ment in a strategic manner to ensure sustainable attainment of develop-
ment objectives.
Farhad Analouiand JosephKwadwo Danquah
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Themonographhasbeeninspiredbyafour-yearresearchandteachingat
theBradfordCentreforInternationalDevelopment(CID),Universityof
Bradford, and also by the practice of HRM/D and consultancy in devel-
oping countries particularlypublicandprivate sectororganizations.
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of so many who
have been either directly or indirectly involved in the presentation of this
monograph. We particularly thank Professor Nada Kakabadse, University
of Reading; Professor Mohamed Branine from Dundee Business School,
University of Abertay; and Dr Azhdar Karami from Bangor Business
School, Bangor University Wales, for their academic and critical analysis
of themonograph
We would like to thank Mrs Janet Analoui, for her outstanding and
immense academic contribution to the text and her support throughout,
and Mrs Joanne Takyi Danquah, for her continued support and encour-
agement during difficult times and her invaluable contribution to this
monograph. And finally, to Chris Robinson and Anne Schult, Palgrave
Macmillan USAfortheir patienceandspace.
ix
C
ONTENTS
1 WhyCapacity Development? 1
1.1 Introduction 1
2 ManagementPerspectives andTrajectory of Capacity
Development 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Scientific orClosedManagement System 8
2.3 HumanRelationsorSemi-open System 8
2.4 Open orContingencySystem 9
2.5 DevelopmentManagement 11
2.6 CapacityBuilding/DevelopmentConcept 13
2.7 ChapterSummary 27
3 CapacityDevelopmentin Contextof Development:
ACriticalDebate 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 InternationalSummits and ConferencesonDevelopment 30
3.3 ChapterSummary 40
4 CapacityDevelopment:The World Bank andUNDP
Perceptive 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 TheRole of theWorld Bank inthe Concept’sDiffusion 44
xi
xii CONTENTS
4.3 UNDPCapacityDevelopment Process 47
4.4 ChapterSummary 58
5 Usesof CapacityDevelopmentin the DevelopmentPractice 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 CapacityDevelopmentas anApproach 62
5.3 CapacityDevelopmentas ProjectsorInitiatives 64
5.4 DevelopmentProjectsorInitiatives 66
5.5 CapacityChallenges 69
5.6 ChapterSummary 73
6 CapacityDevelopmentand InstitutionalChange:Impacts
onDevelopmentProjectsin Sub-Saharan Africa 75
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 CapacityDevelopment 76
6.3 CapacityDevelopmentFramework 77
6.4 Levelsof CapacityDevelopment 79
6.5 CapacityDevelopmentStrategies 81
6.6 DevelopmentProjects 83
6.7 CapacityDevelopmentand DevelopmentProjects 84
6.8 EmergingThemesandCategoriesofCapacityDevelopment 87
6.9 Impactof CapacityDevelopmentonDevelopment Projects 91
6.10 What is theMagnitude of CapacityDevelopmenton
Development ProjectsinDeveloping Countries? 96
6.11 WhataretheEffectsofCapacityDevelopmentonSustained
Change withinthe DevelopmentProjectsin Developing
Countries? 97
6.12 ChapterSummary 98
7 Conclusion: Current Thinkingin CapacityDevelopment,
VisionandImplications 101
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 StrategicCapacityDevelopment:A Model 105
7.3 Recommendations 115
References 117
Index 129