Criminal Recidivism: Explanation, prediction and prevention PDF
Preview Criminal Recidivism: Explanation, prediction and prevention
‘Five percent of offenders commit fi fty percent of crimes. Beyond that, what else do we know? This book is the authoritative source for the newest information on reoffending, rearrest, reconviction, reincarceration, specialisation, versatility, life- course-persistent offending, escalation or de-escalation, risk assessment, psycho- pathic personality, desistence, and most important of all, what works to reduce recidivism.’ Terrie E Moffitt, Nannerl O. Keohane University Professor, Duke University, USA ‘A small group of offenders are accountable for the majority of crime, and our capacity to explain, predict, and prevent recidivism is of the utmost importance for society. David Farrington and Georgia Zara, leading scholars in the fi eld, provide a penetrating analysis of the most important issues in recidivism research. Deeply informative and clearly written, this groundbreaking book provides a fresh and invigorating perspective on criminal recidivism. Engaging and level-headed, this absorbing and very accessible account of recidivism covers all key knowledge bases on criminal reoffending, including prediction, risk assessment instruments, psycho- paths, sex offenders, treatment, and much more. It’s an outstanding and invaluable resource for all those who deal with offenders, both in research and practice.’ Adrian Raine, Richard Perry University Professor, Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA ‘This book is an impressive overview of scientifi c knowledge on criminal recidi- vism and its correlates, including relevant European data on this topic. I particu- larly like Zara and Farrington’s integration of general quantitative results and their qualitative description of persistent offender’s life stories. Crime researchers and Criminal Justice practitioners will fi nd in this book the most solid scientifi c basis for their analyses and practical interventions.’ Santiago Redondo, Professor of Criminology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain ‘This volume addresses critical questions for criminal justice policymakers, academ- ics and students of criminology: Why do people continue to commit crime and what can be done to stop them? The depth and range provided by the authors in answering these critical questions make this book a truly impressive contribution.’ Darrick Jolliffe, Professor of Criminology, University of Greenwich, UK This page intentionally left blank CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM Criminal Recidivism intends to fi ll a gap in the criminological psychology literature by examining the processes underlying persistent criminal careers. This book aims to investigate criminal recidivism, and why, how and for how long an individual continues to commit crimes, whilst also reviewing knowledge about risk assess- ment and the role of psychopathy (including neurocriminological factors) in encouraging recidivism. It also focuses on the recidivism of sex offenders and on what works in reducing reoffending. At an empirical level, this book attempts to explain criminal persistence and recidivism using longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). At a psycho-criminological level it joins together quantita- tive and qualitative analyses, making its content a practical guide to explain, predict and intervene to reduce the risk of criminal recidivism. The authors present quan- titative analyses of criminal careers, as well as qualitative life histories of chronic offenders, in order to bring home the reality and consequences of a life of crime. The book is aimed not only at advanced students and academics in psychology, criminology, probation studies, social sciences, psychiatry, sociology, political sci- ence and penology, but also at decision-makers, policy officials and practitioners within the realm of crime intervention and prevention, and also at forensic experts, judges and lawyers. Georgia Zara, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Criminological Psychology at the Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy, and is Head and Programme Leader of the Higher Degree in Criminological and Forensic Psychology in the same department. David P. Farrington, OBE, is Emeritus Professor of Psychological Criminology and Leverhulme Trust Emeritus Fellow in the Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University. He received the Stockholm Prize in Criminology in 2013. This page intentionally left blank CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM Explanation, prediction and prevention Georgia Zara and David P. Farrington First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Georgia Zara and David P. Farrington The right of Georgia Zara and David P. Farrington to be identifi ed as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zara, Georgia. Criminal recidivism : explanation, prediction and prevention / Georgia Zara and David P. Farrington. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. 1. Recidivism. 2. Criminals–Rehabilitation. 3. Criminal psychology. I. Farrington, David P. II. Title. HV6049.Z37 2015 364.3–dc23 2015002391 ISBN: 978-1-84392-707-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-84392-706-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-08345-1 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Sunrise Setting Ltd, Torquay, UK DEDICATION This book is dedicated to Professor Donald J. West, for his pio- neering work in founding the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development and in directing the study for its fi rst two decades. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of fi gures x List of tables xi Foreword by Rolf Loeber xiii Acknowledgements xv About the authors xvii Introduction 1 1 Criminal recidivism 4 2 Criminal careers, recidivists and chronic offenders 30 3 Chronic offenders and their life stories 67 4 Risk assessment 148 5 Psychopathy 231 6 Sex offending 282 7 Evidence-based intervention and treatment 310 8 Conclusions 333 References 338 Index 389
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