Criminal Law and Policy in the European Union PDF
Preview Criminal Law and Policy in the European Union
Criminal Law and Policy in the European Union This book takes stock of the development of EU criminal law from the establishment of the European Community to the fi rst European Union criminal law directives passed after the Lisbon Treaty. The work considers criminal offences established at EU level, the effects of EU law on national criminalisation, the emerging body of EU criminal procedural law, and the increasing recognition of defence rights as EU rights. Limits to the legal effects of EU-level rules require them to be examined in the light of Member State practice. Implementing measures are not always appropriate, and may balance interests under national law, the rights of criminal defendants, and the need for EU-wide approximation. The proliferation of EU criminal law has led to an explicit, albeit underdeveloped, EU criminal policy. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of EU Law and Criminal Law. Samuli Miettinen is currently researching EU criminal law at Helsinki University, Finland. He has held lectureships at several UK universities and written extensively on EU Law, most recently contributing to reports commissioned by the European Parliament (Lisbon Treaty and Sport, 2010) and the European Commission (Nationality discrimination in individual sports, 2011). Routledge Research in EU Law Available titles in this series include: European Perspectives on Environmental Law and Centralized Enforcement, Governance Legitimacy and Good Governance Suzanne Kingston in the EU Melanie Smith The Tangled Complexity of the EU Constitutional Process EU External Relations and The frustrating knot of Europe Systems of Governance Giuseppe Martinico The CFSP, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and migration Criminal Law and Policy in the Paul James Cardwell European Union Samuli Miettinen The European Constitution, Welfare States and Democracy Forthcoming titles in this series The Four Freedoms vs. National include: Administrative Discretion Christoffer C. Eriksen New Governance and the European Strategy for EU External Relations Law and Employment the European Neighbourhood Samantha Velluti Policy A paradigm for coherence Human Rights and Minority Bart Van Vooren Rights in the European Union Kirsten Shoraka The Evolving EU Counter- terrorism Legal Framework Local Government in Europe Maria O’Neill The ‘Fourth Level’ in the EU multi- layered system of governance The Early Warning System for the Carlo Panara and Michael R. Varney Principle of Subsidiarity Constitutional theory and empirical reality Philipp Kiiver Criminal Law and Policy in the European Union Samuli Miettinen First published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Samuli Miettinen The right of Samuli Miettinen to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Miettinen, Samuli. Criminal law and policy in the European Union / Samuli Miettinen. p. cm—Routledge research in European Union law; 3) ISBN 978-0-415-47426-9 (hardback)—ISBN 978-0-203- 07733-7 (e-book) 1. Criminal justice, Administration of—European Union countries. 2. Criminal law—European Union countries. 3. International and municipal law—Europe Union countries. I. Title. KJE9430.M54 2013 345.24—dc23 2012023611 ISBN: 978-0-415-47426-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-07733-7 (ebk) Typeset in Garamond by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Contents Preface vi Table of Cases vii Table of Legislation xxii List of Documents Cited xxxviii 1 Introduction 1 2 A brief history of EU criminal law 7 3 EU competences, legislative processes, and institutions in the fi eld of criminal law 45 4 Sources and doctrines of EU criminal law 74 5 General principles of EU criminal law 102 6 Substantive EU criminal law: an introduction 122 7 ‘Euro crimes’: specifi c offences at EU level 145 8 Mutual recognition and the approximation of criminal procedure 176 9 Fundamental rights and defence rights 199 10 The past and future of EU criminal law 221 Bibliography 239 Index 245 Preface This book is the product of research conducted whilst holding successive teaching posts in EU law between 2005 and 2012. As a researcher, I owe much to Richard Parrish and Franco Rizzuto of Edge Hill University, whose lively discussions on EU law encouraged me to develop into a researcher as well as a teacher of the subject. At Salford University, Alistair Alcock and Mark James afforded me the support and academic independence I have come to view as a hallmark of the UK university system. The work could never have been completed by June 2012 without Kimmo Nuotio and Juha Raitio at Helsinki, who both encouraged me to complete the manuscript as a preliminary to my doctoral thesis and made it possible to do so with few distractions. None have been offered a chance to comment on the draft manuscript itself. At Routledge, Stephen Guiterrez has been instrumental in ensuring that it was fi nally completed. Christopher Long edited the manu- script, and Alice Vigano of Routledge and Mel Dyer of RefineCatch over- saw the fi nal production stages. The text seeks to note key developments to 1st June 2012. Comments are invited by email, and shall be gratefully received: samuli.miettinen@helsinki.fi . Helsinki, September 2012 Samuli Miettinen Table of Cases Cases before the European Court of Justice (by case number) Case 8/55 Fédération Charbonnière de Belgique v High Authority [1954–1956] ECR English ed. 292 .......................102, 105, 108 Case 13/57 Wirtschaftsvereinigung Eisen- und Stahlindustrie, Gußstahlwerk Carl Bönnhoff, Gußstahlwerk Witten, Ruhrstahl and Eisenwerk Annahütte Alfred Zeller v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1958] ECR 65................................103 Case 1/58 Friedrich Stork & Cie v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1959] ECR English ed. 17 ...................105, 200 Joined Cases 36–38 and 40/59 Präsident Ruhrkolen- Verkaufsgesellschaft mbH, Geitling Ruhrkohlen- Verkaufsgesellschaft mbH, Mausegatt Ruhrkohlen-Verkaufsgesellschaft mbH and I. Nold KG v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (Geitiling) [1960] ECR English sp. ed. 423 ..........................................................................................201 Joined Cases 42 and 49/59 Société nouvelle des usines de Pontlieue – Aciéries du Temple (S.N.U.P.A.T.) v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1961] ECR 53................................103 Joined Cases 43/59, 45/59 and 48/59 Eva von Lachmüller, Bernard Peuvrier, Roger Ehrhardt v Commission of the European Economic Community [1960] ECR 463 ................................................................103 Case 14/61 Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V. v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1962] ECR 253 .................................................................................103 Case 25/62 Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community [1963] ECR 199 ..................................................................69 Case 26/62 NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend en Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration [1963] ECR 3 ..................................75, 83, 97, 111 Joined Cases 28–30/62 Da Costa en Schaake NV, Jacob Meijer NV, Hoechst-Holland NV v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration 1963 ECR 61 ..................................................................................68, 93 viii Table of Cases Case 32/62 M. Maurice Alvis v Council of the European Economic Community [1963] English ed. 49 ........................................................105 Case 75/63 Mrs M.K.H. Hoekstra (née Unger) v Bestuur der Bedrijfsvereniging voor Detailhandel en Ambachten (Administration of the Industrial Board for Retail Trades and Businesses) [1964] ECR English special edition 177 .........................93 Case 6/64 Flaminio Costa v ENEL [1964] ECR 1141 English sp. ed. 585...........................................................10, 95, 177, 208 Case 26/69 Erich Stauder v City of Ulm – Sozialamt [1969] ECR 419 .............................................................................................200 Case 9/70 Franz Grad v Finanzamt Traunstein [1970] ECR 825 .........................................................................................90, 97 Case 11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel [1970] ECR 1125 ......................................................10, 77, 95, 105, 200 Case 22/70 Commission of the European Communities v Council of the European Communities (European Agreement on Road Transport) [1971] ECR 263 .................................................29, 97 Case 25/70 Köster [1970] ECR 1161 ..........................................................18 Case 82/71 Ministère public de la Italian Republic v Società agricola industria latte (SAIL) [1970] ECR 119 .......................................10 Joined Cases 21–24/72 International Fruit Company NV and others v Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit [1972] ECR 1219 .......................................................................................77, 78 Case 4/73 J. Nold, Kohlen- und Baustoffgroßhandlung v Commission of the European Communities, [1974] ECR 491 ................................................................81, 105, 200–202, 205 Case 34/73 Fratelli Variola S.p.A. v Amministrazione italiana delle Finanze [1973] ECR 981 .............................................85, 94 Case 181/73 R. & V. Haegeman v Belgian State [1974] ECR 449 ...................................................................................84 Case 8/74 Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave Dassonville [1974] ECR 874 ...................................................................................11 Case 41/74 Yvonne van Duyn v Home Offi ce [1974] ECR 1337 .............................................................................................97 Case 36/75 Roland Rutili v Ministre de l’intérieur [1975] ECR 1219 .............................................................................................81, 205 Case 43/75 Gabrielle Defrenne v Société anonyme belge de navigation aérienne Sabena [1976] ECR 455 ...............................................66, 93, 102 Case 130/75 Vivien Prais v Council of the European Communities [1976] ECR 1589 ...............................................................................205 Case 85/76 Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG v Commission of the European Communities [1979] ECR 461 .................................................103 Case 107/76 Hoffmann-La Roche AG v Centrafarm Vertriebsgesellschaft Pharmazeutischer Erzeugnisse mbH [1977] ECR 957 .................................68 Table of Cases ix Joined Cases 117/76 and 16/77 Albert Ruckdeschel & Co. and Hansa-Lagerhaus Ströh & Co. v Hauptzollamt Hamburg- St. Annen ; Diamalt AG v Hauptzollamt Itzehoe [1977] ECR 1753 ............................................................................103, 108, 116 Case 106/77 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Simmenthal SpA [1978] ECR 629 ...........................................................10 Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein (Cassis de Dijon) 1979 ECR 649 ............................128, 178 Case 148/78 Criminal proceedings against Tullio Ratti [1979] ECR 1629 .............................................................................................88 Case 230/78 SpA Eridania-Zuccherifi ci nazionali and SpA Società Italiana per l’Industria degli Zuccheri v Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Minister for Industry, Trade and Craft Trades, and SpA Zuccherifi ci Meridionali 1979 ECR 2749 ..............205 Ruling 1/78 Ruling delivered pursuant to the third paragraph of Article 103 of the EAEC Treaty – Draft Convention of the International Atomic Energy Agency on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, Facilities and Transport ECR [1978] 2151 ...............................................................................................15, 16 Case 44/79 Liselotte Hauer v Land Rheinland-Pfalz [1979] ECR 3727 ...................................................................................105, 201 Case 61/79 Amministrazione delle fi nanze dello Stato v Denkavit italiana Srl [1980] ECR 1205................................................................93 Case 98/79 Josette Pecastaing v Belgian State [1980] ECR 691 ....................204 Case 203/80 Criminal proceedings against Guerrino Casati [1981] ECR 2595 .............................................................................................57 Joined Cases C-115/81 and 116/81 Rezguia Adoui v Belgian State and City of Liège; Dominique Cornuaille v Belgian State [1982] ECR 1665 .................................................................................50 Case 8/81 Ursula Becker v Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt [1982] ECR 53 .................................................................................................88 Case 53/81 D.M. Levin v Staatssecretaris van Justitie [1982] ECR 1035 ...........................................................................................124 Case 124/81 Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UHT Milk) [1983] ECR I-203 ..............................................................................129 Case 283/81 Srl CILFIT and Lanifi cio di Gavardo SpA v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 3415 .............................................................68, 93 Joined Cases 43/82 and 63/82 Vereniging ter Bevordering van het Vlaamse Boekwezen, VBVB, and Vereniging ter Bevordering van de Belangen des Boekhandels, VBBB, v Commission of the European Communities 1984 ECR 19 ...................................................................205 Case 14/83 Sabine von Colson and Elisabeth Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] ECR 1891 paragraph 26 ..............................99 Case 63/83 Regina v Kent Kirk [1984] ECR 2689 .............................113, 204
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