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Crimes of peace : Mediterranean migrations at the world's deadliest border PDF

283 Pages·2015·3.591 MB·English
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Crimes of Peace PENNSYLVANIASTUDIESINHUMANRIGHTS BertB.Lockwood,Jr.,SeriesEditor Acompletelistofbooksintheseries isavailablefromthepublisher. Crimes of Peace Mediterranean Migrations at the World’s Deadliest Border Maurizio Albahari UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PHILADELPHIA Copyright(cid:2)2015UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsused forpurposesofrevieworscholarlycitation,noneofthis bookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanymeanswithout writtenpermissionfromthepublisher. Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ISBN978-0-8122-4747-3 To our grandparents, travelers before the invention of immigration. To the life of the drowned. To whom they loved. Ai nostri nonni, viaggiatori prima che l’immigrazione fosse inventata Naˇsim precima, putnicima pre negoˇsto je izmiˇsljena imigracija Thenagain,youdon’tdivideupanempirewitha handshake. Youhavetocutitwithaknife. —RobertoSaviano,Gomorrah Contents PART I. JOURNEYS Introduction:OntheThresholdofLiberty 3 Chapter1.GenealogiesofCareandConfinement 35 Chapter2.GenealogiesofRescueandPushbacks 60 PART II. MIDDLEWORLDS Chapter3.SovereigntyasSalvation:MoralStates 95 Chapter4.SovereigntyasPreemption:UndocumentedStates 117 PART III.BORDERS ADRIFT Chapter5.SpringUprisings,FallDrownings 141 Chapter6.PublicAestheticsAmidSeas 186 Notes 207 Bibliography 239 Index 257 Acknowledgments 269 NORTH SEA BALTIC LATVIA 0 500 1000 Miles UNITED DENMARK SEA LITHUANIA 0 500 1000 Kilometers KINGDOM NETHERLANDS RUSSIA IRELAND Amsterdam POLAND BELARUS RUSSIA London GERMANY Warsaw BELGIUM Frankfurt CZECH ATOLCAENATNIC LUXEM- REPUBLICSLOVAKIA UKRAINE KAZAKH- BOURG Vienna STAN Bay FRANCE SWITZ. AUSTRIAHUNGARY MOLDOVA SLOVENIA ROMANIA Bisocfay Milan Venice BOCSRNOIAA TaInAd Bucharest HERZEGOVINASERBIA PORTUGAL MadBrairdcelonaMarseilleSACRODRISNICIAA RAonmcoenITaALYBarMiNOEGNRTAOEL-MBAANCEIADONISAofiBaULGAEdRirInAeIstanbBulLACAKnk SarEaA AGREMOERNGIAIAAZECRA B SSPAEIIAAJANN LTiasnbgMoineCarluaegtaaSPAAlmIMNereilaillaOran AlgiersTUNSIoSSuIfAsasxe SIVLCaAIllLMeYttPaEDUMSAALMTAEDITGIEgRRoCEuRPREmAaECteNrTnEaEEistsAaINzm BSoiErdArum CYPRMLUTEeSUBrsAiRnNKOENYLADantSataYamkkiRaaysaIcAus BagVEhardnbaidl IRTAehNran MOROCCO Sabratha TripoliBenghazi AlexandriaISRAEL Amman IRAQ Ajdabiya JORDAN Cairo KUWAIT ALGERIA Aqaba Persian LIBYA Gulf Sabha EGYPT BAHRAIN QATAR Kufra MAURI- RED SEA SAUDI ARABIA TANIA MALI NIGER ERITREA L Agadez CHAD Khartoum Asmara YEMEN BURKINA SUDAN FASO DJIBOUTI GUINEA BENIN NIGERIA ETHIOPIA SOMALIA Map1.MixedMigrationRoutes.AdaptedfromDialogueonMediterranean TransitMigration2014i-Map(interactivemap)onMixedMigrationRoutes GERMANY SLOVAKIA UKRAINE 0 100 200 Miles Vienna 0 100200 Kilometers AUSTRIA SWITZ. HUNGARY MOLDOVA SLOVENIA ROMANIA Milan CROATIA Venice RUSSIA BOSNIA and SERBIA Bucharest HERZEGOVINA Ancona KOSOVO BLACK SEA BULGARIA CORSICA ITALY MNOEGNRTOE- Sofia Rome MACEDONIA Edirne Bari ALBANIA Istanbul Brindisi SARDINIA Vlorë Ankara Taranto Otranto Igoumenitsa TURKEY Palermo Patras Izmir SICILY GREECE Bodrum MALTA Mersin Valletta Antakya Sousse Latakia Sfax LAMPEDUSA CRETE CYPRUS SYRIA TUNISIA MEDITERRANEAN SEA LEBANON Damascus Tripoli ISRAEL WEST BANK Sabratha Benghazi GAZA STRIP Amman Alexandria Ajdabiya JORDAN Cairo ALGERIA Aqaba LIBYA SAUDI EGYPT ARABIA Sabha R E D S E A Kufra Map2.CentralandEasternMediterraneanMixedMigrationRoutes.Adapted fromDialogueonMediterraneanTransitMigration2014i-Map(interactive map)onMixedMigrationRoutes

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