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Crime, Disorder and Community Safety: A New Agenda? PDF

256 Pages·2001·1.23 MB·English
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Crime, Disorder and Community Safety Major changes are taking place in the crime control industry and by association in the discipline of criminology itself. These changes, which involve the adop- tion of local partnership approaches, new forms of managerialism as well as the blurring of distinctions between crime, disorder and community safety, have been described as constituting a watershed for criminology. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, this book is both a product of and a reflection on the changing state of play. The articles address, from a range of different perspectives, the changing nature of regulation in contemporary society and the simultaneous reconstruction of the communities which are being regulated. Crime, Disorder and Community Safetyalso offers a timely commentary on government attempts to address questions of inequality and social exclusion as well as issues relating to ethnic minorities and young people. Roger Matthewsis Professor of Sociology at Middlesex University. John Pittsis Vauxhall Professor of Socio-Legal Studies at the University of Luton. Crime, Disorder and Community Safety A new agenda? Edited by Roger Matthews and John Pitts London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. © 2001 Roger Matthews and John Pitts for editorial matter and selection; individual contributors their contribution All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Crime, disorder, and community safety: a new agenda?/edited by Roger Matthews and John Pitts. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Crime prevention. 2. Crime. I. Matthews, Roger. II. Pitts, John. HV7431 .C7 2001 364–dc21 00-065337 ISBN 0–415–24230–4 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–24231–2 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-47099-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-77923-1 (Adobe eReader Format) Contents List of illustrations vii Notes on contributors viii Acknowledgements x Introduction: beyond criminology? 1 ROGER MATTHEWS AND JOHN PITTS 1 Identity, community and social exclusion 26 JOCK YOUNG 2 Joined-up but fragmented: contradiction, ambiguity and ambivalence at the heart of New Labour’s ‘Third Way’ 54 ADAM CRAWFORD 3 Evaluation and evidence-led crime reduction policy and practice 81 NICK TILLEY 4 Crime, community safety and toleration 98 LYNN HANCOCK AND ROGER MATTHEWS 5 ‘Broken Windows’ and the culture wars: a response to selected critiques 120 GEORGE L. KELLING 6 Ethnic minorities and community safety 145 MARIAN FITZGERALD 7 The new correctionalism: young people, Youth Justice and New Labour 167 JOHN PITTS vi Contents 8 Crime victimisation and inequality in risk society 193 TIM HOPE 9 Distributive justice and crime 219 PAUL WILES AND KEN PEASE Index 241 Illustrations Tables 1.1 The binaries of social exclusion 43 8.1 Household and area risk factors for household property crime 202 8.2 Indices of individual and area deprivation and affluence 206 8.3 Property crime victimisation, deprivation and affluence 207 8.4 Correlation between property crime victimisation, (a) household deprivation (b) household affluence, within levels of areas deprivation 208 8.5 Risk factors for household property crime victimisation by level of area deprivation 209 9.1 Risks of domestic burglary by household type 232 9.2 OCU rate variability by offence types 236 Figures 6.1 Arrests and searches: London 1997–1999 150 6.2 Searches, population and suspects: London 1998–1999 152 6.3 Recorded racial incidents in England and Wales, 1991–1999 157 6.4 Trends in types of racial incidents recorded by the MPS, 1997–2000 158 6.5 Victims and suspects of racist incidents by ethnic group, 159 MPS 1997–2000 7.1 The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) 170 8.1 Inequality and property crime 203 8.2 Property crime rates and poverty concentration 210 9.1 Property crime by area crime levels 229 9.2 Property crime by area victim prevalence 230 9.3 Property crime by area victim concentration 231 9.4 Inequality at force and OCU level 233 Contributors Adam Crawford is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice and the Deputy Director of the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies, University of Leeds. He is the author of Local Governance of Crime (1997), Crime Prevention and Community Safety (1998) and co-editor of Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice (with J. Goodey, 2000). He has worked for both the New Zealand Ministry of Justice and the Northern Ireland Office in relation to crime prevention policy. He is part of a Home Office-funded team which evaluates youth justice reforms, introduced by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999). Marian FitzGerald is currently a Visiting Research Fellow at the London School of Economics and has researched many aspects of British race rela- tions policies. Her earliest work was on relations between the main political parties and ethnic minorities, and she is the author of a report, entitled Ethnic Minorities and the Criminal Justice System, for the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice. Her recent publications include a major study of police searches in London and she is presently co-directing new research into police community relations in the capital. Lynn Hancock is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Middlesex University. Before moving to Middlesex in 1997, she was a Lecturer in Criminology at Keele University (1993–1996). She held a Leverhume Special Research Fellowship between 1996 and 1998. Her research ‘Neighbourhood Change, Crime and Urban Policy’ will be published in her forthcoming book Crime, Community and Disorder. Tim Hope is Professor and Head of the Department of Criminology at Keele University, England. He has held positions at the Universities of Manchester and Missouri-St. Louis, CACI Ltd., and the Home Office, where he was Principal Research Officer. His research interests and publications lie in the fields of crime prevention, community safety, victimology and the evaluation of crime preven- tion programmes, where he is currently leading a consortium to evaluate the Home Office Reducing Burglary Initiative. He recently edited Perspectives on Crime Reduction(2000) and co-edited Crime, Risk and Insecurity: Law and Order in Everyday Life and Political Discourse(with Richard Sparks, 2000). Contributors ix George L. Kelling is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University, a Research Fellow in the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute. He is the co-author (with James Q. Wilson) of ‘Broken Windows’, published in Atlantic Monthly in 1982, and Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in our Communities(with Catherine M. Coles, 1996). Roger Matthews is Professor of Sociology at Middlesex University. His current research interests are centred around issues relating to toleration and public attitudes towards crime and justice. He has published a number of books including Informal Justice (1988), Privatizing Criminal Justice (1999) and Rethinking Criminology: The Realist Debate (with J. Young, 1992). His most recent book is Doing Time: An Introduction to the Sociology of Imprisonment (1999). Ken Peaseis Professor of Criminology at Huddersfield University. He has previ- ously held Chairs at the Universities of Manchester and Saskatchewan. He is currently on secondment to the Home Office Crime Reduction Programme and sits on the Crime Panel of the DTI Foresight Programme. John Pitts is Vauxhall Professor of Socio-Legal Studies at the University of Luton. He has worked as a ‘special needs’ teacher, a street and club-based youth worker, a youth justice development worker and a group worker in a Young Offender Institution. His recent publications include Planning Safer Communities (1998), Working with Young Offenders (1999) and Positive Residential Practice: Learning the Lessons of the 1990s(2000). Nick Tilleyis Professor of Sociology at the Nottingham Trent University and a consultant to the Home Office Policing and Reducing Crime Unit. He is the co-author of Realist Evaluation (with Ray Pawson, 1997) and co-editor of Surveillance of Public Space: CCTV, Street Lighting and Crime Prevention(with Kate Painter, 1999). Paul Wilesis currently Director of Research, Development and Statistics at the Home Office. Previously, he was Professor of Criminology at the University of Sheffield. His recent research interests have been in the analysis of geographical crime patterns and more broadly in the ecology of crime. In the past he has worked in various areas of research on crime and socio-legal studies. Jock Youngis Professor of Sociology and Head of the Centre for Criminology at Middlesex University. His first book was The Drugtakers(1971) and his most recent book is The Exclusive Society (1999). He is the co-author of The New Criminology (with Ian Taylor and Paul Walton, 1973). His current research interests are in urban and cultural studies, and he is working on a book to be entitled Strange Days: The Transition to Late Modernity.

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This book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime prevention, disorder and community safety in contemporary society. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, the book examines recent development
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