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Crime and Punishment PDF

708 Pages·1989·81.61 MB·English
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ANORTON CRITICALEDITION / CRIME AND PUNISHMENT THE COULSON TRANSLATION BACKGROUNDS AND SOURCES ESSAYS IN CRITICISM >» <«- THIRD EDITION W. W.NORTON& COMPANY alsopublishes THENORTONANTHOLOGYOFAFRICANAMERICANLITERATURE editedbyHenryLouisGatesJr. andNellie Y. McKayet. al THENORTONANTHOLOGYOFAMERICAN LITERATURE editedbyNinaBaymeial. THENORTONANTHOLOGYOFCONTEMPORARY FICTION editedbyR. V. CassillandJoyceCarolOates THENORTON ANTHOLOGYOF ENGLISH LITERATURE editedbyM. H. Abramsetal. THENORTON ANTHOLOGYOFLITERATUREBY WOMEN editedbySandraM. GilbertandSusanGubar THENORTONANTHOLOGYOFMODERN POETRY editedbyRichardEllmannandRobertO'Clair THENORTON ANTHOLOGYOFPOETRY editedbyMargaretFergusonetal. THENORTON ANTHOLOGY OF SHORTFICTION editedbyR. V. Cassill THENORTON ANTHOLOGY OF WORLD MASTERPIECES editedbyMaynardMacketal. THENORTON FACSIMILEOF THE FIRSTFOLIOOF SHAKESPEARE preparedbyCharlton Hinman THENORTON INTRODUCTIONTOLITERATURE editedbyCarlE. Bain, JeromeBeaty, andJ. PaulHunter THENORTON INTRODUCTIONTOTHE SHORTNOVEL editedbyJeromeBeaty THENORTON READER editedbyLindaH. Peterson, JohnC. Brereton, andJoanE. Hartman THENORTON SAMPLER editedby ThomasCooley THENORTON SHAKESPEARE editedbyStephenGreenblattetal. *» A NORTON CRITICAL EDITION «« FEODOR DOSTOEVSKY CRIME AND PUNISHMENT THIRD EDITION THE COULSON TRANSLATION BACKGROUNDS AND SOURCES ESSAYS IN CRITICISM Edited hy GEORGE GIBIAN CORNELL UNIVERSITY WW- NORTON &COMPANY NEWYORK LONDON • Copyright © 1989, 1975, 1964by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. Library ofCongressCataloging in Publication Data Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881. Crimeand punishment. (A Norton critical edition) Translation of: Prestuplenie i nakazanie. Bibliography: p. 693 I. Coulson, Jessie Senior, 1903- II. Gibian, George. III. Title. PG3326.P7 1989 891.73'3 88-25502 ISBN 0-3=13-^5^23-7 W. W. Norton &Company, Inc., 500 FifthAvenue, NewYork, N.Y. 10110 W. W. Norton &Company Ltd., 10Coptic Street, London, VVC1A 1PU 34567890 Contents Preface to the Third Edition vii The Text of Crime and Punishment 1 The Names ofthe Principal Characters 466 Backgrounds and Sources 467 Map: The St. Petersburg ofCrime and Punishment 468 From Dostoevsky's Notebooks 470 From Dostoevsky's Letters 476 To A. A. Kraevsky (June 8, 1865) 476 Draft, to M. N. Katkov (Sept., 1865) 476 To A. E. Vrangel (Feb. 18, 1866) 478 To M. N. Katkov (April 25, 1866) 478 To A. V. Korvin-Krukovskaya (June 17, 1866) 479 A Passage from an Early Draft 480 Essays in Criticism 483 N. Strakhov • [The Nihilists and Raskolnikov's New Idea] 485 Leo Tolstoy • [How Minute Changes ofConsciousness Caused Raskolnikov to Commit Murder] 487 Sergei V. Belov • The History ofthe Writing ofthe Novel 488 Georgy Chulkov • [Dostoevsky's Technique ofWriting] 494 K. Mochulsky • [The Five Acts ofCrime and Punishment] 500 Jose Ortega y Gasset • [Why Dostoevsky Lives in the Twentieth Century] 512 Ernest J. Simmons • The Art ofCrime and Punishment 516 George Gibian • Traditional Symbolism in Crime and Punishment 526 Philip Rahv • Dostoevsky in Crime and Punishment 543 Joseph Frank • The World ofRaskolnikov 567 Nicholas Berdyaev • [Dostoevsky, the Nature ofMan, and Evil] 57$ Vyacheslav Ivanov • The Revolt Against Mother Earth 584 Maurice Beebe • The Three Motives ofRaskolnikov: A Reinterpretation ofCrime and Punishment 592 Karen Homey • [Raskolnikov's Self-Destructive "Should"] 603 vi • Contents Ralph E. Matlaw • Recurrent Imagery in Crime and Punishment 606 A. Bern • [The Problem ofGuilt in Dostoevsky's Fiction] 609 Simon Karlinsky • Dostoevsky as Rorschach Test 612 Alberto Moravia • The Marx-Dostoevsky Duel 619 V. Pereverzev • [A Marxist Summing-Up ofDostoevsky] 623 U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1953 Outline for the Study ofDostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 624 U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1955 Outline for the Study of Dostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 626 U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1984 Outline for the Study of Dostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 627 Leonid P. Grossman • [The Construction ofthe Novel] 628 Leonid P. Grossman • [Dostoevsky's Descriptions: The Characters and the City] 631 F. I. Evnin • [Plot Structure and Raskolnikov's Oscillations] 635 Mikhail Bakhtin • From Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics 643 Michael Holquist • Puzzle and Mystery, the Narrative Poles of Knowing: Crime and Punishment 656 Czeslaw Milosz • Dostoevsky and Western Intellectuals 670 Richard Weisberg • The Brilliant Reactor: The Inquisitor in Crime and Punishment 682 Michael T. Kaufman • Polish Director Finds Haunting Relevance in Dostoevsky 688 A Chronology ofDostoevsky's Life 691 Selected Bibliography 693 Preface to the Third Edition The original Norton Critical Edition of Crime and Punishment (1964) and the Second Edition of 1975 were well received by readers and students. The editor and the translators are most grateful to the users of these editions over the past two decades. Since the last revision, however, important new critical and scholarly works have been publishedaboutDostoevsky. Stimulatingreinterpretationshave made his works more relevantto the readers ofthe presenttime, and fresh scholarly discoveries have been made. The time has come to incorporate some ofthe work done in recent years in another, new edition. The new articles included in this expanded edition are by authors from several countries. Outstanding among them, for example, is anessaybythePolishNobelPrizewinner, poet, scholar, andnovelist Czeslaw Milosz, whose discussion ofDostoevskycontrastsAmerican and European approaches to his works. The writings ofMikhail Bakhtin, the Russian theoretician ofcul- ture, semiotician, and literary scholar, have become highly admired and very influential in the literary circles ofEurope and the United States and have led to reevaluations ofvarious classical authors. The present edition includes passages from Bakhtin's writings on Dos- toevsky, in the new, excellent translation by Caryl Emerson. It also contains a section taken from an essay by Dostoevsky's great Russian contemporary, the novelist Leo Tolstoy. In 1890, Tolstoy wrote an introduction to a book on drunkenness by another Russian, P. S. Alexeev, a piece of truly vintage Tolstoy writing, which contains acute and very characteristic pages on Crime and Punishment. It illustrates at its most fascinating Tolstoy's approach to literature as a repository of moral and psychological lessons. Tolstoy's essay de- serves to be far more widely known than it is in the English-speaking world. The relevance of Crime and Punishment to modern men and women is discussed by Andrzej Wajda, the internationally known Polish film and theaterdirector, as reported in the article by Michael T. Kaufman in the NewYorkTimes. Michael Holquist's provocative discussion oftime and space in the narrative structure ofCrime and Punishment, from his book Dostoevsky and the Novel, is also in- cluded. Richard Weisbergthrows lighton a little-known subject, the legal aspects of the action in Crime and Punishment, and on the actual methods ofpolice criminal investigations in Tsarist Russia. The critical essays, taken as a whole, are a selection of Russian (nineteenth-century, Soviet, emigre), American, Italian, Spanish, viii • Preface Polish, and German criticism. A few are illustrative and represent- ative(thesyllabi from Moscow Universitycoursesshowingthe Soviet attitude towards Dostoevsky in 1953 and 1955, and the Marxist approach shown in Pereverzev's encyclopedia article), but the ma- jorityare chosen becausethey make outstandingcontributions to the interpretation, study, understanding, and appreciation of Dostoev- sky's work. Many ofthe critical selections had never been translated before their publication in the Norton Critical Edition. The section of background materials offers aids to a twentieth- century reader's understanding ofthe novel. Relevant extracts from Dostoevsky's letters and notebooks from the period of composition of Crime and Punishment, as well as a list of names of characters with indications of stress and pronunciation, are included. Dos- toevsky had the local geography firmly in mind; a map ofPetersburg enablesonetofollowRaskolnikov'sandothercharacters' movements in the city. Soviet sources and information supplied by Dostoevsky's grandson, who lived in Leningrad and made a specialty ofstudying Dostoevskian landmarks, have been used in preparing the map. The translation of the novel by Jessie Coulson represents accu- rately, in contemporary English, Dostoevsky's nineteenth-century Russian original. It distorts neither through modernization nor through Victorianisms, and it is readable in its own right, instead ofsounding like a translation. Some footnotes have been added to the text ofthe novel, based on material in the handbook published in 1985 in Moscow by a Soviet scholar who has devoted his life to tracking down the factual background of Dostoevsky's life and work: S. V. Belov's Roman F. M. Dostoevskogo "Prestuplenie i Nakazanie": Kommentariy (Dos- toevsky's Novel Crime and Punishment: A Commentary). A passage hasalsobeen includedintheCriticismsectionofthepresentvolume, from the same book by Belov, in which he draws on perhaps the most exciting contemporary Soviet Russian writer on Dostoevsky, Yu. F. Karyakin. Belov, following the lead of Karyakin, stresses themes in CrimeandPunishment that may surpriseWestern readers in a Soviet critic: spiritual and religious aspects. The volume of Dostoevskian scholarship and criticism is vast. It is difficult to find one's way within it; one looks for valuable studies amidstthe mass ofderivative or mediocre writing. Some ofthe most excellent articles and books, moreover, are to be found only in one or two libraries in the United States. The language barrier excludes many English-speaking readers from some ofthe European sources. It is our hope that this translation and the critical studies and other aids accompanying it will, for a wide range ofreaders interested in Dostoevsky, open the door to various interpretations that scholars of severalcountrieshavemadeofCrimeandPunishmentandleadthem to renewed consideration ofDostoevsky's classic. George Gibian

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