Crime and Punishment

708 Pages·1989·81.61 MB·English

by  Fyodor Dostoyevsky

ANORTON CRITICALEDITION
/

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
THE COULSON TRANSLATION
BACKGROUNDS AND SOURCES
ESSAYS IN CRITICISM
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THIRD EDITION
W. W.NORTON& COMPANY
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FEODOR DOSTOEVSKY
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
THIRD EDITION
THE COULSON TRANSLATION
BACKGROUNDS AND SOURCES
ESSAYS IN CRITICISM
Edited hy
GEORGE GIBIAN
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
WW- NORTON &COMPANY
NEWYORK LONDON
•
Copyright © 1989, 1975, 1964by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States ofAmerica.
Library ofCongressCataloging in Publication Data
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 1821-1881.
Crimeand punishment.
(A Norton critical edition)
Translation of: Prestuplenie i nakazanie.
Bibliography: p. 693
I. Coulson, Jessie Senior, 1903- II. Gibian,
George. III. Title.
PG3326.P7 1989 891.73'3 88-25502
ISBN 0-3=13-^5^23-7
W. W. Norton &Company, Inc., 500 FifthAvenue, NewYork, N.Y. 10110
W. W. Norton &Company Ltd., 10Coptic Street, London, VVC1A 1PU
34567890
Contents
Preface to the Third Edition vii
The Text of Crime and Punishment
1
The Names ofthe Principal Characters 466
Backgrounds and Sources 467
Map: The St. Petersburg ofCrime and Punishment 468
From Dostoevsky's Notebooks 470
From Dostoevsky's Letters 476
To A. A. Kraevsky (June 8, 1865) 476
Draft, to M. N. Katkov (Sept., 1865) 476
To A. E. Vrangel (Feb. 18, 1866) 478
To M. N. Katkov (April 25, 1866) 478
To A. V. Korvin-Krukovskaya (June 17, 1866) 479
A Passage from an Early Draft 480
Essays in Criticism 483
N. Strakhov • [The Nihilists and Raskolnikov's New Idea] 485
Leo Tolstoy • [How Minute Changes ofConsciousness
Caused Raskolnikov to Commit Murder] 487
Sergei V. Belov • The History ofthe Writing ofthe Novel 488
Georgy Chulkov • [Dostoevsky's Technique ofWriting] 494
K. Mochulsky • [The Five Acts ofCrime and Punishment] 500
Jose Ortega y Gasset • [Why Dostoevsky Lives in the
Twentieth Century] 512
Ernest J. Simmons • The Art ofCrime and Punishment 516
George Gibian • Traditional Symbolism in Crime
and Punishment 526
Philip Rahv • Dostoevsky in Crime and Punishment 543
Joseph Frank • The World ofRaskolnikov 567
Nicholas Berdyaev • [Dostoevsky, the Nature ofMan,
and Evil] 57$
Vyacheslav Ivanov • The Revolt Against Mother Earth 584
Maurice Beebe • The Three Motives ofRaskolnikov:
A Reinterpretation ofCrime and Punishment 592
Karen Homey • [Raskolnikov's Self-Destructive "Should"] 603
vi • Contents
Ralph E. Matlaw • Recurrent Imagery in Crime
and Punishment 606
A. Bern • [The Problem ofGuilt in Dostoevsky's Fiction] 609
Simon Karlinsky • Dostoevsky as Rorschach Test 612
Alberto Moravia • The Marx-Dostoevsky Duel 619
V. Pereverzev • [A Marxist Summing-Up ofDostoevsky] 623
U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1953 Outline for
the Study ofDostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 624
U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1955 Outline for
the Study of Dostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 626
U.S.S.R. Ministry ofCulture • [The 1984 Outline for the
Study of Dostoevsky in Soviet Universities] 627
Leonid P. Grossman • [The Construction ofthe Novel] 628
Leonid P. Grossman • [Dostoevsky's Descriptions: The
Characters and the City] 631
F. I. Evnin • [Plot Structure and Raskolnikov's
Oscillations] 635
Mikhail Bakhtin • From Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics 643
Michael Holquist • Puzzle and Mystery, the Narrative
Poles of Knowing: Crime and Punishment 656
Czeslaw Milosz • Dostoevsky and Western Intellectuals 670
Richard Weisberg • The Brilliant Reactor: The Inquisitor
in Crime and Punishment 682
Michael T. Kaufman • Polish Director Finds Haunting
Relevance in Dostoevsky 688
A Chronology ofDostoevsky's Life 691
Selected Bibliography 693
Preface to the Third Edition
The original Norton Critical Edition of Crime and Punishment
(1964) and the Second Edition of 1975 were well received by readers
and students. The editor and the translators are most grateful to the
users of these editions over the past two decades. Since the last
revision, however, important new critical and scholarly works have
been publishedaboutDostoevsky. Stimulatingreinterpretationshave
made his works more relevantto the readers ofthe presenttime, and
fresh scholarly discoveries have been made. The time has come to
incorporate some ofthe work done in recent years in another, new
edition.
The new articles included in this expanded edition are by authors
from several countries. Outstanding among them, for example, is
anessaybythePolishNobelPrizewinner, poet, scholar, andnovelist
Czeslaw Milosz, whose discussion ofDostoevskycontrastsAmerican
and European approaches to his works.
The writings ofMikhail Bakhtin, the Russian theoretician ofcul-
ture, semiotician, and literary scholar, have become highly admired
and very influential in the literary circles ofEurope and the United
States and have led to reevaluations ofvarious classical authors. The
present edition includes passages from Bakhtin's writings on Dos-
toevsky, in the new, excellent translation by Caryl Emerson. It also
contains a section taken from an essay by Dostoevsky's great Russian
contemporary, the novelist Leo Tolstoy. In 1890, Tolstoy wrote an
introduction to a book on drunkenness by another Russian, P. S.
Alexeev, a piece of truly vintage Tolstoy writing, which contains
acute and very characteristic pages on Crime and Punishment. It
illustrates at its most fascinating Tolstoy's approach to literature as
a repository of moral and psychological lessons. Tolstoy's essay de-
serves to be far more widely known than it is in the English-speaking
world.
The relevance of Crime and Punishment to modern men and
women is discussed by Andrzej Wajda, the internationally known
Polish film and theaterdirector, as reported in the article by Michael
T. Kaufman in the NewYorkTimes. Michael Holquist's provocative
discussion oftime and space in the narrative structure ofCrime and
Punishment, from his book Dostoevsky and the Novel, is also in-
cluded. Richard Weisbergthrows lighton a little-known subject, the
legal aspects of the action in Crime and Punishment, and on the
actual methods ofpolice criminal investigations in Tsarist Russia.
The critical essays, taken as a whole, are a selection of Russian
(nineteenth-century, Soviet, emigre), American, Italian, Spanish,
viii • Preface
Polish, and German criticism. A few are illustrative and represent-
ative(thesyllabi from Moscow Universitycoursesshowingthe Soviet
attitude towards Dostoevsky in 1953 and 1955, and the Marxist
approach shown in Pereverzev's encyclopedia article), but the ma-
jorityare chosen becausethey make outstandingcontributions to the
interpretation, study, understanding, and appreciation of Dostoev-
sky's work. Many ofthe critical selections had never been translated
before their publication in the Norton Critical Edition.
The section of background materials offers aids to a twentieth-
century reader's understanding ofthe novel. Relevant extracts from
Dostoevsky's letters and notebooks from the period of composition
of Crime and Punishment, as well as a list of names of characters
with indications of stress and pronunciation, are included. Dos-
toevsky had the local geography firmly in mind; a map ofPetersburg
enablesonetofollowRaskolnikov'sandothercharacters' movements
in the city. Soviet sources and information supplied by Dostoevsky's
grandson, who lived in Leningrad and made a specialty ofstudying
Dostoevskian landmarks, have been used in preparing the map.
The translation of the novel by Jessie Coulson represents accu-
rately, in contemporary English, Dostoevsky's nineteenth-century
Russian original. It distorts neither through modernization nor
through Victorianisms, and it is readable in its own right, instead
ofsounding like a translation.
Some footnotes have been added to the text ofthe novel, based
on material in the handbook published in 1985 in Moscow by a
Soviet scholar who has devoted his life to tracking down the factual
background of Dostoevsky's life and work: S. V. Belov's Roman F.
M. Dostoevskogo "Prestuplenie i Nakazanie": Kommentariy (Dos-
toevsky's Novel Crime and Punishment: A Commentary). A passage
hasalsobeen includedintheCriticismsectionofthepresentvolume,
from the same book by Belov, in which he draws on perhaps the
most exciting contemporary Soviet Russian writer on Dostoevsky,
Yu. F. Karyakin. Belov, following the lead of Karyakin, stresses
themes in CrimeandPunishment that may surpriseWestern readers
in a Soviet critic: spiritual and religious aspects.
The volume of Dostoevskian scholarship and criticism is vast. It
is difficult to find one's way within it; one looks for valuable studies
amidstthe mass ofderivative or mediocre writing. Some ofthe most
excellent articles and books, moreover, are to be found only in one
or two libraries in the United States. The language barrier excludes
many English-speaking readers from some ofthe European sources.
It is our hope that this translation and the critical studies and other
aids accompanying it will, for a wide range ofreaders interested in
Dostoevsky, open the door to various interpretations that scholars of
severalcountrieshavemadeofCrimeandPunishmentandleadthem
to renewed consideration ofDostoevsky's classic.
George Gibian