Table Of Content

Crime and Criminal Justice 2 3 Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies Stacy L. Mallicoat California State University, Fullerton 4 FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Copyright © 2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mallicoat, Stacy L., author. Title: Crime and criminal justice: concepts and controversies / Stacy L. Mallicoat, California State University, Fullerton. Description: First Edition. | Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016013529 | ISBN 9781483318738 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Crime. | Law enforcement. | Criminal justice, Administration of. Classification: LCC HV6025 .M3145 2016 | DDC 364—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016013529 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Acquisitions Editor: Jerry Westby 5 Developmental Editor: Jessica Miller eLearning Editor: Nicole Mangona Editorial Assistant: Laura Kirkhuff Production Editor: Jane Haenel Copy Editor: Jared Leighton Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Scott Oney Indexer: Karen Wiley Designer: Janet Kiesel Marketing Manager: Amy Lammers 6 Brief Contents 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgments 3. About the Author 4. PART I FOUNDATIONS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1. Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice 2. Chapter 2: Concepts of Law and Justice 3. Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime 4. Chapter 4: Explanations of Criminal Behavior 5. Chapter 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System 6. Chapter 6: Criminal Justice Policy 5. PART II POLICING 1. Chapter 7: Policing Organizations and Practices 2. Chapter 8: Issues in Policing 6. PART III COURTS 1. Chapter 9: Courts and Crime 2. Chapter 10: Punishment and Sentencing 7. PART IV CORRECTIONS 1. Chapter 11: Prisons and Jails 2. Chapter 12: Community Corrections 8. PART V SPECIAL TOPICS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1. Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice 2. Chapter 14: Emerging Issues for the 21st Century 9. Glossary 10. Endnotes 11. Index 7 Detailed Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Author PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice Stages of the Criminal Justice System Policing The Courts Corrections Discretion and Ethics in the Criminal Justice System • CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SO YOU WANT TO WORK IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE? The Wedding Cake Model of Justice Models of Criminal Justice The Crime Control Model The Due Process Model The Influence of the Media on the Criminal Justice System • AROUND THE WORLD: CRIME, LAW, AND JUSTICE FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The CSI Effect Reality TV The Media and Perception of Crime Rates Influencing Public Policy • SPOTLIGHT: THE STATE V. JODI ARIAS Conclusion Current Controversy 1.1: Is Justice Served by Our Criminal Justice System? Current Controversy 1.2: Does Mental Illness Cause Crime? Key Terms Discussion Questions Learning Activity Suggested Websites Student Study Site Chapter 2: Concepts of Law and Justice Types of Law Civil Cases Criminal Cases Federal Criminal Laws 8 State Criminal Laws Municipal Criminal Laws Sources of Law Constitutional Law Statutory Law Federal Statutory Law State Statutory Law Administrative Law • SPOTLIGHT: CONCEALED WEAPONS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES Case Law Criminal Law • AROUND THE WORLD: INTERNATIONAL LAW Components of a Criminal Act Substantive Criminal Law Procedural Criminal Law Criminal Defenses Innocence Necessity, Duress, and Entrapment • CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SO YOU WANT TO BE A DEFENSE ATTORNEY? Self-Defense Intoxication Insanity The M’Naghten Rule The Irresistible Impulse Test Guilty but Mentally Ill Conclusion Current Controversy 2.1: Should Marijuana Be Legalized? Current Controversy 2.2: Should Miranda Warnings Be Abolished? Key Terms Discussion Questions Learning Activities Suggested Websites Student Study Site Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime Defining Crime Violent Offenses Murder Sexual Assault Assault 9 Robbery • SPOTLIGHT: THE STEUBENVILLE HIGH SCHOOL RAPE CASE Property Offenses Status Offenses Victimless Crimes White-Collar Offenses • SPOTLIGHT: THE BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING Crimes Against the Government Uniform Crime Reports Data Collected Rates of Crime Data on Offenders Limitations of the UCR • CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SO YOU WANT TO BE A RESEARCH ANALYST? National Incident-Based Reporting System Data Collected Limitations of NIBRS National Crime Victimization Survey • AROUND THE WORLD: INTERNATIONAL CRIME DATA Data Collected Self-Reported Offending Datasets Data Collected Limitations of Self-Reported Offending Datasets Conclusion Current Controversy 3.1: Is White-Collar Crime Harmful to Society? Current Controversy 3.2: Is Burglary a Violent Crime? Key Terms Discussion Questions Learning Activities Suggested Websites Student Study Site Chapter 4: Explanations of Criminal Behavior What Is a Theory of Crime? Classical Theories of Crime Cesare Beccaria • SPOTLIGHT: THEORIES AND RESEARCH ON CRIME Jeremy Bentham Biological and Psychological Theories of Crime Foundations of Biological Theories of Crime 10