Crenophylax (Trichoptera Limnephilidae), a new genus to accommodate Rhadicoleptus Sperryi banks, 1943

2007·6.6 MB·

by  David E Ruiter

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(2), 2007, pp. 309-323
CRENOPHYLAX (TRICHOPTERA: LIMNEPHILIDAE), A NEW GENUS TO
ACCOMMODATE RHADICOLEPTUS SPERRYI BANKS, 1943
David E. Ruiter and Hiroyuki Nishimoto
(DER) 6260 S. Grant Street, Centennial, CO 80121, U.S.A. (e-mail:druiter@msn.
com); (HN) 3-104 Mezon-Hikarigaoka II, 1-71-1 Hikarigaoka, Komaki, Aichi,
485-0811, Japan
—
Abstract. A new genus, Crenophylax (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), is proposed
for Radicoleptus sperryi Banks 1943. Diagnostic characters, description, and figures
are provided for larva, pupa, and adults.
Key Words: Limnephilus, sperryi, Arizona, New Mexico, description, figures
Radicoleptus sperryi Banks (1943) has from near Greer, Arizona, which is also
been a source of confusion since its in the White Mountains. Houghton
description. The larva, pupa and female (2001) reared a single male from the
have not been described. Banks (1943) White Mountains, about 15 air miles
described R. sperryi from a pair collected southeast of Greer.
in the Arizona White Mountains This work is based on the above
(M.C.Z. type 25757) and provided a fig- material as well as new material collected
ure of the male. Ross (1944) placed R. by Dean Blinn, Oliver Flint, Jr., and the
sperryi in Limnephilus but Ross and senior author over the last several years
Merkley (1952) did not include it in their from several localities in the White
key to Limnephilus. Schmid (1955) listed Mountains, near Greer, Arizona, and
L. sperryi as incertae sedis within Limne- about 30 air miles south-southeast of
philus. Flint (1966) provided another Greer. These collections are all in the
figure of the male and pointed out the Colorado River drainage. The larval
similarity between L. sperryi and Aniso- association is based on material reared
gamus costalis (Banks) but did not from a single New Mexico locality, about
recognize Ross' (1944) placement of A. 220 air miles east-southeast from Greer,
costalis in Psychoronia. Wiggins (1975) east of the continental divide in the Rio
provided rationale for retention of Psy- Grande River drainage. While collec-
choronia for P. costalis, but did not tions of C. sperryi are known from only
address L. sperryi. Weaver (1993) in- six localities, it is found, like Hespero-
dicated the L. sperryi type was missing phylax, on both sides of the continental
from the Museum of Comparative Zo- divide. To date Psychoronia is known
ology. only from east of the continental divide.
Crenophylax sperryi is a very rare
Materials and Methods
species. There were no C. sperryi speci-
mens reported, other than the types, Most of the adults for this study were
until Ruiter (1995) refigured the male collected via sweepnet or light. During
from a 1962 collection of three males efforts to locate the female and larva in
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
310
the Arizona White Mountains a special anterior margin of head, less than one
emphasis was placed on examination of ocelli length from socket; eye large,
headwater springs under the supposition width equal to distance between medial
that C. sperryi larvae are similar to those suture and eye; medial suture nearly
of Psychoronia and Hesperophylax (see complete, extending anteriorly to anteri-
Ruiter 1995). While occasional adults or margin ofocelli; posterior warts width
were collected (see material examined) about 2 times length, covered with 15 20
a larval population was not located until macrosetae; head surface with numerous
closed pupae, presumed to be Hesper- small, hairlike setae between and behind
ophylax, were reared from a New Mexico lateral ocelli, most setae with small,
stream. Larvae and pupae were collected pale, single, basal warts; maxillary palp
by hand on May 3, 2003, the pupae were three-segmented in male (Fig. 2) and
placed in a home refrigerator in a jar five-segmented in female, male propor-
with a bit of damp moss from the tions = 0.3:0.8:1, female proportions =
collection locality. Adults started emerg- 0.3:0.8:1:0.7:0.8; labial palp 3-segmented
=
ing about 60 d later. The larval/adult in both sexes, proportions 0.3:0.6:1,
association is based on comparison basal 2 segments flattened ovals, apical
of the larval sclerites in the pupal case segment thin, cylindrical; facial warts
with those of larvae collected during (Fig. 3) consisting of two lateral pairs
the original collection. Emergence was and single U-shaped mesal wart, dorso-
halted for several specimens so that lateral pair slightly larger than ventro-
mature larvae, pupae and adults were lateral pair; labrum 2.5 times as long as
available from the same collection. Ma- widest portion, widest portion at basal
terial examined in this study is deposited swelling, labial accessory sclerites rela-
in the collections of Dean W. Blinn tively large, with about 10 macrosetae;
(DWB), Canadian National Collection postocular wart relatively narrow, widest
(CNC), National Museum of Natural dorsally, as long as eye height; anterior
History (USNM), and the authors genal projection present; temporal suture
(DER) and (HN). incomplete. Pronotum (Fig. 4) yellow,
with two pairs of setae warts, dorsal
Crenophylax Ruiter and Nishimoto, warts large, oval, with numerous macro-
new genus setae; lateral pair small, located at
Type species: Radicoleptus sperryiBanks, posterolateral apex of pronotum, with
2-6 macrosetae. Mesonotum yellow,
1943.
with a pair of linear scutal warts, each
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Adult (Figs. 1-7). Head yellow; an- comprised of 4—8 macrosetae; scutellar
tenna about as long as fore wing, setal area with 6-10 macrosetae per side,
between 60 and 70 segments, scape and a scattering of silky, hairlike setae.
(Fig. 1) about 3 times length of 2nd Mesopleuron without small setal warts;
segment, 3rd segment about twice length metapleuron with two setal warts cov-
of 2nd, 4th segment about 1.5 length of ered in long, silky hairs. Legs yellow,
2nd segment, remaining segments grad- spines black, tibial spurs yellow. Fore-
ually lengthening to mid-antenna and and mesofemora with single, apicomesal,
then gradually decreasing to apex, mid black, spine; hind femur without spines.
antennal segment length about twice Tibia and first four tarsal segments with
length of 2nd segment; 3 ocelli, lateral numerous black spines. Foretarsal apical
ocelli larger than pre-ocellus wart; lateral segment without dark spines on ventral
ocelli located mid-distance between me- surface. Meso- and metatarsal apical
dial suture and eye, located close to segments with 0-2 dark spines on ventral
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1.0mm
Figs. 1^. Crenophvlax sperryi, adult male. 1, Head, dorsal. 2, Head, lateral. 3, Head, frontal. 4,
Thorax, dorsal.
312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
5.0mm
Figs. 5-7. Crenophylax spenyi. wings. 5, Male fore wing. 6, Female fore wing. 7, Wing venation.
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surface. Male foretarsal proportions = ostigma; apical forks I, II, III, and V
1:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.3. Female foretarsal pro- present, all cells sessile; anastomosis
portions = 1:0.6:0.5:0.4:0.4. Tibial spurs staggered; R3-discoidal cell common
highly variable in both sexes; usually 1-2- boundary equal or shorter than tl, less
2 or 1-2-3, often bilaterally inconsistent; than discoidal cell height; discoidal cell
evidence of a 1-3-4 spur count usually about twice RS; tl linear, about equal in
present with reduced basal pits at point length t2; tl and t2 not parallel; t3 long,
of spur attachment; an occasional spec- originating on Cul, strongly oblique to
imen (n = 16) with full 1-3-4 complement wing length; posterior 3 anal cells with
of spurs. Wing length 13-18 mm (n = long, hairlike setae. Abdomen yellowish;
16). Fore wing (Figs. 5,6) 3 times as long 5th segment gland present, small, oval;
as widest portion; brightly contrasted ventral processes absent.
coloration, base color yellowish brown; Etymology. Crenophylax(masculiney.
bright white oval areas in subradial, from the Greek "krene" (spring) and
thyridial, radial, and 5 cells beyond "phylax" (guard), referring to its head-
chord; 2-3 white ovals in cell V, occa- water larval habitat.
sionally merged to nearly fill cell; 1-2
white circles in discoidal cell; areas Crenophylax sperryi (Banks),
around white ovals darker brown; ante- new combination
rior chord nearly black, posterior chord Radicoleptus sperryi Banks 1943:346-
yellowish; setae on veins upright, not 347, figs. 2, 11, 12. Harvard Universi-
particularly strong; setae on wing mem- ty, Museum of Comparative Zoology,
brane recumbent, fine, hairlike, same type No. 25757, types lost. Type local-
color as underlying membrane, i.e., white ity: White Mountains, Arizona.
on white, brown on brown. Hind wing
very pale yellow; setae on veins pale, Limnephilus sperryi: Ross 1944:298;
upright, fine, sparse; setae on membrane Schmid 1955:144; Flint 1966:379, 380,
pale, recumbent, fine, sparse at base, figs. 3i, 3j; Ruiter 1995:35, plate 95.
denser towards apex. Venation (Fig. 7) Adult. Male genitalia (Figs. 8-13):
similar in both sexes; distal margins Tergite 8 (Fig. 8) with dorsal setae
smoothly rounded. Fore wing with Rl- stronger than ventral setae; broad pos-
R2 separate throughout length, nar- teromesal spinate patch present; spinate
rowed and slightly curved at pteros- patch broadly concave posteriorly;
tigma; apical forks I, II, III, and V spines appressed. Segment 9 (Fig. 9) with
sessile; anastomosis staggered, R3-dis- incomplete, widely separated, tergites;
coidal cell common boundary slightly broadest laterally (Fig. 10) at dorsal
longer than tl, less than discoidal cell connection of inferior appendage; con-
height; discoidal cell about 1.5 length of nected ventrally by a very thin, sclero-
RS; tl linear, about twice length t2; tl tized strap (Fig. 11). Superior appen-
and t2 not parallel; t3 long, originating dages nearly quadrate laterally; slightly
on Cul, nearly perpendicular to thyridial withdrawn within 9th, widely separated
cell, curved posteriorly; three anal cells, mesally (Fig. 9). Intermediate appen-
cells Al and A3 small, A2 about 0.5 dages (Fig. 9) broadly fused dorsally,
length A1+2+3. Hind wing with enlarged with dorsal margin distinctly separate
anal area; distal margin at Cu not from, but touching, 8th tergal spinal
strongly incised; hooked setae along patch; appendages broadly concave lat-
anterior margin absent; R1-R2 separate erally, reaching mesal margin ofsuperior
throughout length, touching near base, appendages; ventromesal edges touching,
separating towards apex, curved at pter- but separate, below anal opening, and
314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 8-13. Crenophylax sperryi, male genitalia. 8, Dorsal. 9, Caudal. 10, Lateral. 11, Ventral. 12,
Phallus, lateral. 13, Phallus, dorsal.
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projecting caudoventrally as two, strong- evident by setal patches; short, conical,
ly sclerotized hooks. Subanal plate plates located lateral of anal opening.
strongly developed, reaching lateral mar- Spermatheca with spermathecal vestibule
gins of9th segment; projecting posteriorly narrow, smoothly merged with sper-
nearly to apex of inferior appendages. mathecal body, without constriction at
Inferior appendages broadly separated confluence of vestibule with body; chi-
ventromesally;directedupward;longcom- tinous spermathecal ring tapered, cap-
mon boundary with 9th; apex acute, like; no constriction below chitinous
extending caudally equal to superior ap- ring; additional spermathecal gland lo-
pendage; in caudal view apex relatively cated about one width of spermathecal
broad with small, acute extension near vestibule from spermathecal vestibule;
outer margin. Phallocrypt strips (Fig. 12) entire inner surface of spermatheca with
sclerotized dorsally, without obvious con- minute sculpturing, without obvious
nectionto9thsegment;baseofphallocrypt additional markings.
slightlynarrowerthandistalmargin. Phal- Final instar larva (Figs. 17-25).
licatal basoventral surface membranous Length 13.0-15.0 mm (N = 2). Head
butwithoutlinearconvolutions;endophal- (Fig. 17) dark brown; primary setae 1,4,
lus without endophallic plates; endophal- 6, 10, and 16 almost transparent, setae
lus(Fig. 13)concavedorsally and expand- 1,4, 6, 11, 13, 15, and 16 very thin, seta 2,
ed laterally; phallotremal atrium located 3, 7, 9 and 14 thickest; setae 2, 3, 5
dorsally, about midlength ofendophallus. subequal in length (Fig. 18), setae 9 and
Parameres broadly attached laterally to 14 extremely long; seta 18 minute. La-
phallicata; apical 3/4ths composed of brum (Fig. 19) brown, setae 1, 2, 3, and 4
a broom-like burst ofstrongly sclerotized, pale, appressed to labrum, about 1/3
recurved spines; basal, solid portion, a sin- length of dark, upright subequal setae 5
gle, undivided, surface with dorsal margin and 6. Labial mentum (Fig. 20) consist-
extendingbeyondventralmargin;spinesof ing of four distinct sclerites; lateral pair
paramere reach apex ofendophallus. triangular, larger than oval, medial pair.
Female genitalia (Figs. 14-16): Seg- Submental sclerites apparently absent.
ment 8 (Fig. 14) with dorsal setae only Mandible with scrapping apex. Anterior
slightly stronger than ventral setae. ventral apotome vase-shaped; widest
Median lobe (Fig. 15) ofsubgenital plate portion midlength; about twice as long
about 2/3rds length of lateral lobes; as wide; about 2/3rds length of ventral
broadest at apex; apical margin slightly ecdysial suture. Posterior ventral apo-
concave. Lateral lobes of subgenital tome absent. All surfaces of head and
plate triangular; broadly connected with labrum minutely pebbled, with faint
8th segment; wider at apex than base. spicules on parietal surface at 60X
Subgenital plate broad. Ventral lateral magnification. Muscle scars darker than
lobes of ninth small, distinctly separated surface membrane, few present anterior
from tergum, widely separated by sub- to setae 14, abundant on posterior,
genital plate. Ninth tergum (Fig. 16) parietal surface. Thorax (Fig. 21) slightly
narrow dorsally, with slight conical lighter than head. Pronotum darker
extension between 10th segment appen- anteriorly; transversely furrowed in api-
dages; ventrolaterally merged with 10th cal third; pebbled, without obvious
without obvious suture between two spines or spicules; long macrosetae along
segments. Tenth segment not strongly anterior margin, with median pair lon-
sclerotized, comprised of a complete gest, lengths decreasing to shortest at
cylinder, longer ventrally than dorsally; lateral margin; spaced nearly equidistant;
dorsal lateral appendages fused to tenth. setae 22 longest, setae 2 and 3 slightly
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 14-16. Crenophylax sperryi, female genitalia. 14, Segments VIII-X, lateral. 15, Segments VIII-
X, ventral. 16, Segments VIII-X, dorsal.
short than 22, all setae dark; muscle scars with the two major setae hyaline, thick-
more obvious posteriorly. Prosternal ened and flattened, relatively short, distal
horn present, about V2 length of coxae. longer than proximal; mesofemur with
Mesonotum with anterior margin slight- hyaline setae located midlength, slightly
ly concave; brown, lighter than prono- longer, dark setae located near base of
tum; each mesonotal plate slightly wider femur; metafemur with hyaline setae
than long; hind margin black, with located midlength, longer, dark seta
blacked area extending anterolaterally located about midway between hyaline
to midlength of sclerite; anterior 2/3 setae and apex of femur; lateral surface
portion of mesonotum moderately de- of all femur without accessory setae;
pressed; muscle scars abundant on ante- tibial spur count 2-2-2, all spurs hyaline;
rior half, few on posterior half; setal basal setae of tarsal claw hyaline, rela-
areas nearly separate. Metanotum with tively stout, about V2 length of claw.
sal, sa2, and sa3 sclerotized; plate of sal Abdominal segment I with 60-80 setae
linear, plate of sa2 oval. Mesonotal dorsally, 8-10 setae dorsolaterally, 10-12
membrane with 10-20 setae around sal setae ventrolaterally, 70-90 setae ven-
and sa2. Legs pale brown; trochanters trally. Gill arrangement (Fig. 22); most
without accessory setae, trochanteral gills with more than 4 filaments; dorsal
brushes short; femora with only two lateral gills only present at anterior
major setae on ventral edge; profemur location on segment III, 1 or 2 filaments;
VOLUME 109, NUMBER 2 317
2
LOmm 1.0mm
Figs. 17-21. Cretwphylax sperryi, larva. 17, Head, dorsal. 18, Head, lateral. 19, Labrum, dorsal. 20,
Head, ventral. 21, Thorax, dorsal.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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2.0mm
Figs. 22-25. Crenophylaxsperryi, larva. 22, Lateral view. 23, Abdominal segments IX and X, lateral.
24, Dorsal sclerite ofsegment X, dorsal. 25, Anal proleg, ventrocaudal.