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Creep in Structures International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Creep in Structures 3rd Symposium, Leicester, UK, September 8-12, 1980 Editors A. R. S. Panter and D. R. Hayhurst With 243 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1981 Prof. A. R. S. PONTER and Dr. D. R. HAYHURST Department of Engin'eering University of Leicester Leicester LEI 7RH (England) ISBN-13:978-3-642-81600-0 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-81598-0 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-81598-0 library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Creep in structures. (lUTAM-Symposien) At head of trtle: International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Proceedings of the Third IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures. Bibliography: p.lncludes index. 1. Materials-Creep-Congresses. 2. Structures, Theory of -Congresses. I. Panter. A. R. S. (Alan R. S.).1940-. II. Hayhurst. D. R. (David Robert),1943-. III. International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. IV. IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures (3rd : 1980 : University of Leicester) TA418.22.C716 620.1'1233 81-13527 MCR2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved. whether the whole or part olthe material is concerned. specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similiar mqllns, and storage in databanks. \ Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich. © Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1981 Saftcover reprirrt althe hardcover 1st edition 1981 The use registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2061/3020/543210 v Scientific Committee N. Kh. ARUTYUNYAN Moscow, USSR J-L. CHABOCHE Chatillon, France I. FINNIE California, USA D.R. HAYHURST Leicester, UK J. HULT Gothenburg; Sweden 1. LE MAY Saskatoon, Canada A.R.S. PONTER Leicester (chairman), UK List of Participants AINSWORTH, R.A. Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley, UK. ANDERSON, R. G. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Preston, UK. AVERY, P. Rolls Royce Limited, Derby, UK. BAGLIN, K.P. University of Leicester, UK. BETTEN, J. Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany BEYNON, J.H. University of Leicester, UK. BILBY, B.A. University of Sheffield, UK. BOYLE, J.T. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. BROWN, M.W. University of Sheffield, UK. BROWN, P.R. University of Leicester, UK. CAILLETAUD, G. Office National D'Etudes et de Researches Aero spatiales, Chatillon, France. CALLADINE, C.R. University of Cambridge, UK. CARTER, P. NEI Clarke Chapman Power Engineering, Tyne &W ear, UK. CHABOCHE, J-L. Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches Aero spatiales, Chatillon, France. CHRZANOWSKI, M. Technical University, Krakow, Poland. COCKS, A. University of Cambridge, UK. DANG VAN, K. Ecole Polyt echnique, Palaiseau, France. DRAGON, A. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. DUSZA, E. Technical University, Krakow, Poland. DYSON, B.F. National Physical Laboratory, Middlesex, UK. EDELSTEIN, W.S. Illinois Institute of Technology, Illinois, USA. FELCE, 1.0. University of Leicester, UK. FESSLER, H. University of Nottingham, UK. FEW, 1. G. Rolls Royce Limited, Derby, UK. GOODALL, I. W. Central Electricity Generating Board, Berkeley, UK. GRIFFIN, D.S. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pennsylvania, USA. VI HADJIKOV, L. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. HART, E.W. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. HAYHURST, D. R. University of Leicester, UK. HAYMAN, B. University of Leicester, UK. HOLMES, J.A.G. Nuclear Power Company Limited, Risley, UK. HULT, J. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. HYDE, T.H. University of Nottingham, UK. JAKEMAN, R. R. University of Leicester, UK. JANSSON, S. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. JONES, N. University of Liverpool, UK. KARADENIZ, S. University of Leicester, UK. KAWASUMI, M. Civil E~gineering Laboratory, Chiba, Japan. KELLY, D.A. University of Leicester, UK. KOTERAZAIVA, R. Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. KUBO, S. Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. LABOURDETTE, R. Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches Aero spatiales, Chatillon, France. LECKIE, F.A. University of Illinois, Illinois, USA. LLOYD, J. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Risley, UK. LUIJERINK, J. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. MACLELLAN, G.D.S. University of Leicester, UK. McNELLY, T.R. The Royal .Military College of Science, Swindon, UK. IvIEIJERS, P. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. MILLER, D. A. Central Electricity Generating Board, Bristol, UK. MORRISON, C.J. University of Leicester, UK. MURAKAMI, S. Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan. MUSICCO, G.G. CCR Euratom, Ispra, Italy. NIKBIN, K.M. Imperial College of Sciency &T echnology, London, UK. OBRECHT, H. Ruhr Uni versi tat Bochum, Bochum, IV. Germany. ODQVIST, F.K.G. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. OHNO, N. Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. OHTANI, R. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. PIECHNIK, S. Technical University, Krakow, Poland. PILKINGTON, R. University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology, Manchester, UK. PONTER, A.R.S. University of Leicester, UK. RIEDEL, H. Max-Planck Institute fur Eisenforschung, Dussel dorf, F.R. Germany. VII SAKON, T. Takasago Technical Institute, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Limited, Japan. SCAIFE, J. University of Leicester, UK. SINGH, G. University of Leicester, UK. SPEN~E, J. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. STORAKERS, B. The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. SVENSSON, L-E. Chalmers Techniska Hogskola, Gothenburg, Sweden. TOMKINS, B. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Preston, UK. TRAMPCZYNSKI, W.A. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland· WALTER, M. General Electricity Company, Leics., UK. WAREING, J. UK Atomic Energy Authority, Preston, UK. WEBSTER, G.A. Imperial College of Science &T echnology, London, UK. WEBSTER, J.J. University of Nottingham, UK. WHITE, P.S. General Electricity Company, Leics., UK. WILLIAMS, J.A. Central Electricity Generating Board, Southampton, UK. WILLIAMS, J. J. University of Leicester, UK. WILLIS, J.R. University of Bath, UK. WILSHIRE, B. University College, Swansea, UK. YOUNG, A. G. University of Leicester, UK. YU, J. Max-Planck Institute for Eisenforschung, Dusseld orf, W. Germany. < , r e t n a P S. R. A. t, l u H . J t, s i v q d O G. K. F. t, s r u h y a H R. D. e, h c a b a h C L. - J e, kin. ca em Ly A. Ha F.B. IX Preface The Third IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures was held at Leicester University in September 1980 thereby continuing the tradition of a ten yearly review of progress in structural creep initiated by the previous symposia held at Stanford University in 1960 and Chalmers University in 1970. The thirty eight papers and their discussions cont ained in this volume testify to the vigour of research into the creep of structures at the present time. During the last ten years a gradual change of emphasis has occurred in creep research from studies of deformation and stability towards the description of continuum damage and creep crack propagation. At the same time design techniques have developed based upon reference stress techniques and bounding theorems, and a continued interest has been maintained in the development of constitutive equations and in stability studies. All these developments are reflected in the compos ition of the papers in the volume and in the discussions and reviews. A further wholely healthy feature of recent developments has been the increasing co-operation between workers in structural mechan ics and in physical metallurgy, two fields which, traditionally, have persued parallel but largely unrelated objectives. However, it has become clear, in the field of creep research at least, that there has been a desire to make the results of physical metallurgical studies more quantitative and less concerned with the exploration of phenomena for its own sake. At the same time developments in structural mechan ics have begun to encompass phenomena for which simple empirical laws are difficult to formulate. As a result the contribution by physical metallurgest to the Third Symposium was particularly welcome and has given a new breadth to the subject. At an early stage of planning of the symposium it was decided to subject all invited papers to a review, by member of the Scientific Committee and other experts in the field. Such a procedure appears to be less fashionable these days than was once the case, but it has become clear that the effort required was well spent and helped to break down barriers of communication which can occur amongst workers from fields as disparate as theoretical mechanics and physical metallurgy. The symposium was generously supported by the University of Leicester, the Office of Naval Research of the United States Navy, the Central Electricity Generating Board and three companies which manu facture high temperature testing equipment (Mand Testing Machines Limited, Eurotherm Limited and Automatic Systems Laboratories Limited). Their support is gratefully acknowledged. x The detailed local arrangements were organised by a small committee (Chairman A.R.S. Ponter, Secretary Mrs. Eunice Knowles). Particular thanks are due to Sonia Ponter who organised the ladies programme and was involved in much of the social planning. The assistance of colleagues and friends, Brian Hayman in particui~~, immediately prior to the symposium was greatly appreciated. The considerable seeretarial task involved in the symposium and in the production of this volume was expertly carried out by Mrs. Lorna Friel, and the editors of this volume would like to express their thanks to her and to the editorial staff of Springer-Verlag, Berlin. A.R.S. Ponter D.R. Hayhurst May 1981 XI Programme Monday, Se.p-tembeJt. 8 OPENING SESSION: (Chairman: G.D.S. MacLellan). Opening address: Maurice Shock, Vice Chancellor of Leicester University. F.K.G. Odqvist. F.A. Leckie. SESSION I: CREEP OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (Chairman: J. Spence). G. Cailletaud, J.P. Culie &H . Kaczmarek. B. Wilshire. (Chairman: J.A. Williams) E.W. Hart. I.W. Goodall, R. Hales &D . Walters. S. Takezono &S . Fujioka. (Chairman: D.R. Hayhurst) H. Fessler &T .H. Hyde. REVIEW OF J. Hult. SESSION I: Civic Reception by the Lord Mayor and Mayoress of Leicester. Tuu, da.y, Se.p-tembeJt. 9 SESSION II: CREEP OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (Chairman: D.S. Griffin). R.G. Anderson. J. Betten. S. Piechnik &H . Pachla. (Chairman: H. Riedel) A. Sawczuk &M . Anisimowicz. (Chairman: N. Jones) J. Boyle &J . Spence. R.A. Ainsworth. A.R.S. Ponter. (Chairman: J-L. Chaboche) J.A.G. Holmes REVIEW OF F.A. Leckie. SESSION II: Social and Discussion Evening.