Creating Nationality in Central Europe, 1880-1950: Modernity, Violence and (Be) Longing in Upper Silesia PDF
Preview Creating Nationality in Central Europe, 1880-1950: Modernity, Violence and (Be) Longing in Upper Silesia
Creating Nationality in Central Europe, 1880–1950 IntheimmediateaftermathoftheFirstWorldWar,UpperSilesiawasthesite of the largest formal exercise in self-determination in European history, the 1921 Plebiscite. This asked the inhabitants of Europe’s second largest indus- trialregionthedeceptivelystraightforwardquestionofwhethertheypreferred tobeGermansorPoles,butspectacularlyfailedtoclarifytheirnationalidentity, demonstrating instead the strength of transnational, regionalist and sub-national allegiances, and of allegiances other than nationality, for instance, religion. Upper Silesia, which waspartitioned and re-partitioned between1922 and1945, and subjected to Czechization, Germanization, Polonization, forced emigration, expulsionandextermination,thusillustratesthelimitsofnation-buildingprojects andnation-buildingnarrativesimposedfromoutside.Thisbookexploresarange oftopicsrelatedtonationalityissuesinUpperSilesia,puttingforwardtheresultsof extensive new research. It highlights the flaws at the heart of attempts to shape Europeascomposedofhomogeneouslynationalpolitiesandcomparesthefateof Upper Silesia with the many other European regions where similar problems occurred. James Bjork is a senior lecturer at King’s College London, UK. Tomasz Kamusella is a reader at the University of St Andrews, UK. Tim Wilson is a lecturer at the University of St Andrews, UK. Anna Novikov is a research fellow at the Cologne Centre for Central and Eastern Europe, University of Cologne, Germany. Routledge Studies in the History of Russia and Eastern Europe 1 Modernizing Muscovy 8 Cossacks and the Russian Reform and social change in Empire, 1598–1725 seventeenth-century Russia Manipulation, rebellion and Edited by Jarmo Kotilaine and expansion into Siberia Marshall Poe Christoph Witzenrath 2 The USA in the Making of 9 The Many Deaths of Tsar the USSR Nicholas II The Washington conference, Relics, remains and 1921–1922, and ‘uninvited Russia’ the Romanovs Paul Dukes Wendy Slater 3 Tiny Revolutions in Russia 10 Popular Religion in Russia Twentieth century Soviet and ‘Double belief’ and the making of Russian history in anecdotes an academic myth Bruce Adams Stella Rock 4 The Russian General Staff and 11 Eastern Christianity and the Cold Asia, 1800–1917 War, 1945–91 Alex Marshall Edited by Lucian N. Leustean 5 Soviet Eastern Policy and 12 The Caucasus under Turkey, 1920–1991 Soviet Rule Soviet foreign policy, Turkey Alex Marshall and communism Bülent Gökay 13Rural WomenintheSoviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia 6 The History of Siberia Liubov Denisova Igor V. Naumov Edited and translated by (Edited by David N. Collins) Irina Mukhina 7RussianMilitaryIntelligenceinthe 14 Reassessing Cold War with Japan, 1904–05 War Europe Secret operations on land and at sea Edited by Sari Autio-Sarasmo Evgeny Sergeev and Katalin Miklóssy 15 The Baltic States from the Soviet 22 The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered Union to the European Union International relations in Eastern Identity, discourse and power in the Europe, 1955–1969 Post-Communist transition of Laurien Crump Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Richard Mole 23 Reassessing Orientalism Interlockingorientologiesduringthe 16 Life Stories of Soviet Women Cold War The interwar generation Edited by Michael Kemper and Melanie Ilic Artemy M. Kalinovsky 17 Brezhnev and the Decline of the 24 Governing Post-Imperial Siberia Soviet Union and Mongolia, 1911–1924 Thomas Crump Buddhism, socialism, and nationalism in state and 18 Women and Transformation autonomy building in Russia Ivan Sablin Edited by Aino Saarinen, Kirsti Ekonen and 25 Creating Nationality in Central Valentina Uspenskaia Europe, 1880–1950 Modernity, violence and (be)longing 19 Competition in Socialist Society in Upper Silesia Edited by Katalin Miklóssy and Edited by James Bjork, Melanie Ilic Tomasz Kamusella, Timothy Wilson, and Anna Novikov 20 Young Jewish Poets Who Fell as Soviet Soldiers in the Second 26 The Russian Liberals and the World War Revolution of 1905 Rina Lapidus Peter Enticott 21 The Vernaculars of Communism 27 The Politics of Culture in Soviet Language, ideology and power in Azerbaijan, 1920–40 the Soviet Union Audrey L Altstadt Edited by Petre Petrov and Lara Ryazanova-Clarke This page intentionally left blank Creating Nationality in Central Europe, 1880–1950 Modernity, violence and (be)longing in Upper Silesia Edited by James Bjork, Tomasz Kamusella, Tim Wilson and Anna Novikov Add Add Add AddAddAdd Add AddAdd AdAddd Firstpublished2016 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2016JamesBjork,TomaszKamusella,TimWilson,andAnnaNovikov TherightofJamesBjork,TomaszKamusella,TimWilson,andAnna Novikovtobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorialmaterial,andofthe authorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewith sections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation withoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Names:Bjork,JamesE.,editor.|Kamusella,Tomasz,editor.|Wilson,Tim, 1971–editor.|Novikov,Anna,editor. Title:CreatingnationalityinCentralEurope,1880–1950:modernity, violenceand(be)longinginUpperSilesia/editedbyJamesBjork, TomaszKamusella,TimothyWilson,andAnnaNovikov. Description:NewYork,NY:Routledge,2016.|Series:Routledgestudiesin thehistoryofRussiaandEasternEurope;25|Includesbibliographical referencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2015032543|ISBN9780415835961(hardback)| ISBN9781315641324(ebook) Subjects:LCSH:Silesia,Upper(PolandandCzechRepublic)–Politicsand government–20thcentury.|Silesia,Upper(PolandandCzechRepublic) –Politicsandgovernment–19thcentury.|Nationalism–Silesia,Upper (PolandandCzechRepublic)–History.|Silesians–Ethnicidentity. Classification:LCCDK4600.S468C742016|DDC320.5409438/509041 –dc23 LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015032543 ISBN:978-0-415-83596-1(hbk) ISBN:978-1-315-64132-4(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman byTaylor&FrancisBooks Contents List of figures ix List of contributors x Preface xiii Introduction 1 TOMASZKAMUSELLA,TIMWILSON,ANNANOVIKOVANDJAMESBJORK 1 Upper Silesia in modern Central Europe: on the significance of the non-national/a-national in the age of nations 8 TOMASZKAMUSELLA 2 Fatal violence in Upper Silesia, 1918–1922 53 TIMWILSON 3 ‘Scoundrels’ and desperate mothers: gendering German and Polish propaganda in the Upper Silesian plebiscite, 1919–1921 87 ALLISONRODRIGUEZ 4 Monoglot norms, bilingual lives: readership and linguistic loyalty in Upper Silesia 106 JAMESBJORK 5 Creating a citizen: politics and the education system in the post-plebiscite Silesian Voivodeship 128 ANNANOVIKOV 6 Polish nationalism and national ambiguity in Weimar Upper Silesia 149 BRENDANKARCH 7 The Nazi ‘recovered territories’ myth in the eastern Upper Silesian borderland, 1939–1945 170 PETERPOLAK-SPRINGER viii Contents 8 Upper Silesia in the age of the ethnically homogeneous nation-state, 1939–49 185 HUGOSERVICE 9 Ascribing identity: public memory of the plebiscite and uprisings 210 KAISTRUVE Index 230 List of figures 2.1 Violent fatalities from the German Revolution to the end of German rule: November 1918–January 1920 60 2.2 Violent fatalities from the start of Allied rule until the Third Polish Uprising: February 1920–April 1921 65 2.3 Violent fatalities in the end period of Allied rule: July 1921–July 1922 69 2.4 ViolentfatalitiesbymonthinUpperSilesia:November1918–July 1922 71
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