Creating Cultures of Thinking: The 8 Forces We Must Master to Truly Transform Our Schools

387 Pages·2015·1.822 MB·English

by  Ron Ritchhart

WEBFFIRS 01/20/2015 20:10:5 Pageii
WEBFFIRS 01/20/2015 20:10:5 Pagei
Creating
cultures
of
thinking
WEBFFIRS 01/20/2015 20:10:5 Pageii
WEBFFIRS 01/20/2015 20:10:5 Pageiii
Creating
cultures
of
thinking
8
The Forces
We Must Master
to Truly Transform
Our Schools
RON RITCHHART
WEBFFIRS 01/20/2015 20:10:5 Pageiv
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FIRSTEDITION
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C O N T E N T S
ListofFigures ix
Acknowledgments xi
AbouttheAuthor xiii
INTRODUCTION DemystifyingGroupandOrganizationalCulture 1
ANewStandardforEducation 5
TheForcesthatShapeCulture 6
ToolsforTransformation 10
ONE ThePurposeandPromiseofSchools 13
ThinkingDifferentlyaboutOutcomes 16
TeachingasEnculturation 19
CultureastheEnactmentofaStory 20
EnactingOurNewStory,RealizingOurVision 34
UncoveringtheStoryofYourSchoolorClassroom 35
TWO Expectations:RecognizingHowOurBeliefsShape
OurBehavior 37
FocusingStudentsontheLearningvs.theWork 43
TeachingforUnderstandingvs.Knowledge 47
EncouragingDeepvs.SurfaceLearningStrategies 50
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EncouragingIndependencevs.Dependence 54
DevelopingaGrowthvs.aFixedMindset 55
ExploringandDevelopingExpectations 59
THREE Language:AppreciatingItsSubtleYetProfoundPower 61
TheLanguageofThinking 68
TheLanguageofCommunity 71
TheLanguageofIdentity 74
TheLanguageofInitiative 75
TheLanguageofMindfulness 78
TheLanguageofPraiseandFeedback 81
TheLanguageofListening 82
LeveragingLanguage 84
BecomingProficientUsersoftheLanguagesoftheClassroom 85
FOUR Time:LearningtoBeItsMasterRatherThanItsVictim 87
RecognizingTimeasaStatementofYourValues 96
LearningtoPrioritizeandAlwaysPrioritizingLearning 98
GivingThinkingTime 102
InvestingTimetoMakeTime 105
ManagingEnergy,NotTime 107
It’sTimetoRethinkTime 110
GettingaBetterPerspectiveonTime 112
FIVE Modeling:SeeingOurselvesthroughOurStudents’Eyes 115
DispositionalApprenticeship:BeingaRoleModelofLearningandThinking 125
CognitiveApprenticeship:MakingOurThinkingVisible 129
GradualReleaseofResponsibility:ModelingforIndependence 132
InteractiveModeling:LearningfromExamples,Practice,andReflection 135
LearningfromModels 136
ModelingfortheDevelopmentofThinking,Learning,andIndependence 138
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Contents
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SIX Opportunities:CraftingtheVehiclesforLearning 141
ConstructingCharacter:UsingMathematicstoUnderstandOthello’sIago 144
VoiceThread:UsingStorytellingtoUnderstandMigration 150
Music2SaveMusic 154
Categorizing,Recognizing,andRealizingLearningOpportunities 159
AnalyzingandCreatingOpportunitiesforLearning 169
SEVEN Routines:SupportingandScaffoldingLearningandThinking 171
ARoutineIsMoreThananActivity 177
UsingClaim-Support-QuestiontoDelveIntoNumberTheoryinFifthGrade 179
MoreThanaGame:DifferentiatingMathematicsinSecondGrade 185
MakingCSQFlyinSecondaryMathematics 188
Tools,Structures,andPatterns:EstablishingRoutinesintheClassroom 190
MakingThinkingRoutineinOurClassrooms 196
EIGHT Interactions:ForgingRelationshipsThatEmpowerLearners 199
NewRolesforStudents:EmpoweringDisenfranchisedLearners 204
BeyondSitandGet:TeachingStudentstoBuildonOneAnother’sIdeas 212
BuildingCulturethroughAffectandActions 218
ShapingInteractionsthroughRoles 220
Asking“Good”Questions 221
CreatingNewPatternsofDiscourse 223
PromotingInteractionsThatSupportThinkingandLearning 225
NINE Environment:UsingSpacetoSupportLearningandThinking 227
NewLearninginanOldContainer 231
CuratingaClassroom 234
DesigningforThinking 242
CreatingEnvironmentstoEnhanceLearningandBuildCulture:FourFronts 247
CreatingEnvironmentsThatBringOuttheBestinLearners 259
vii
Contents
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TEN MovingtowardTransformation 261
ACloseLookatSubstantiveChange 263
SupportingChangeonaLargeScale 267
BuildingaVisionacrossaSchoolDistrict 276
LearningTogetherfortheLongHaul 281
CreatingOpportunities 287
BuildingtheCapacityofTeacherstoTeachOneAnother 293
UsingInquiry-ActionProjectstoGoDeeper 298
SamenessandDifferenceintheJourneytoaCultureofThinking 303
APPENDIX A MyReflectionsontheLearningActivitiesinThisClass 307
APPENDIX B LadderofFeedback 309
APPENDIX C SuccessAnalysisProtocol 311
APPENDIX D LookingAtStudents’Thinking(LAST)Protocol 313
APPENDIX E SixKeyPrinciplesoftheCulturesofThinkingProject 315
APPENDIX F LayingtheFoundationforaCultureofThinking 317
APPENDIX G LeadingaCultureofThinkingatMySchool 319
APPENDIX H TheDevelopmentofaCultureofThinkinginMy
Classroom 323
APPENDIX I AssessmentLadder 327
References 329
SubjectIndex 351
NameIndex 361
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Contents