CRC handbook of materials science: material composites and refractory materials PDF
Preview CRC handbook of materials science: material composites and refractory materials
CRC Handbook o f Materials Science VOLUME III NONMETALLIC MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS Editor Charles T. Lynch, Ph.D. Senior Scientists for Environmental Effects Metals Behavior Branch, USAF Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2019 by CRC Press © 1975 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an lnforma business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences oftheir use. 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ISBN 13: 978-0-367-25885-6 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-367-25887-0 (pbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-429-29036-7 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com PREFACE It has been the goal of the CRC Handbook of written sections, but these have been kept to a Materials Science to provide a current and readily minimum. The importance of having critically accessible guide to the physical properties of solid evaluated property data available on materials to state and structural materials. Interdisciplinary in solve modern problems is well understood. In this approach and content, it covers the broadest Handbook we seek to bridge the gap between variety of types of materials consistent with a uncritical data collections carrying all the pub reasonable size for the volumes, including lished information for a single material class and materials of present commercial importance plus general reference works with only limited property new biomedical, composite, and laser materials. and classification data on materials. On the basis This volume, Nonmetallic Materials and Applica of advice from many and varied sources, numerous tions, is the third of the three-volume Handbook; limitations and omissions have been necessary to General Properties is the first, and Metals, Com retain a reasonable size. This reference is particu posites, and Refractory Materials is the second. larly aimed at the nonexperts, or those who are During the approximately four years that it has experts in one field but seek information on taken to formulate and compile this Handbook, materials in another field. The expert normally has the importance of materials science has taken on a his own specific original sources available to guide new dimension. The term “materials limited” has him in his own area of expertise. He often needs come into new prominence, enlarged from the assistance, however, to get started on something narrower consideration of technical performance new. There is also considerable general informa of given materials in given conditions of stress, tion of interest to almost all scientists, engineers, environment, and so on, to encompass the availa and many administrators in the field of materials bility of materials in commerce at a reasonable and materials applications. Comments and sug price. Our highly industrialized society, with its gestions, and the calling to our attention of immense per capita consumption of raw materials, typographical errors, will be welcomed and are today finds itself facing the long-prophesized encouraged. shortages of materials in many diverse areas of our My sincere thanks is extended to all who have economy. Those future shortages have become advised on the formulation, content, and coverage today’s problems. As we find ourselves “materials of this Handbook. I am grateful to many limited” with respect to availability and price, colleagues in industry, academic circles, and with a growing concern for where our raw government for countless suggestions and specific materials come from and how supplies may be contributions, and am particularly indebted to the manipulated to our national disadvantage, in Advisory Board and Contributors who have put so creased economic utilization of all our resources, much of their time, effort, and talent into this and particularly our materials resources, becomes compilation. Special appreciation is extended to an American necessity. With this changing the editorial staff of CRC Press, to Karen A. background the purpose for this type of compila Gajewski, the Administrative Editor, and to Gerald tion has broadened beyond a collection of data on A. Becker, Director of Editorial Operations. physical properties to one of concern for com I want to pay special tribute to my wife, Betty parative properties and alternative employment of Ann, for her magnificant patience, encouragment, materials. Therefore, at this time it seems particu and assistance, and to our children, Karen, Ted Jr., larly appropriate to enter this new addition to the Richard, and Thomas, for giving their Dad some CRC Handbook Series. space, quiet, and assistance in the compilation of a Most of the information presented in this considerable amount of data. Handbook is in tabular format for easy reference and comparability of various properties. In some Charles T. Lynch cases it has seemed more advisable to retain Fairborn, Ohio April 1975 THE EDITOR Charles T. Lynch, Ph.D., is Senior Scientist for Environmental Effects in the Metals Behavior Branch of the Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Dr. Lynch graduated from the George Washington University in 1955 with a B.S. degree in chemistry. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in analytical chemistry in 1957 and 1960, respectively, from the University of Illinois, Urbana. Dr. Lynch served in the Air Force for several years before joining the Air Force Materials Laboratory as a civilian employee in 1962. Prior to his current position, he served as a research engineer, group leader for ceramic research, and Chief of the Advanced Metallurgical Studies Branch. Dr. Lynch is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Ceramic Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Ohio Academy of Science, New York Academy of Science, Sigma Xi-RESA, and the Metallurgical Society of the AIME. He holds 13 patents and has published more than 60 research papers, over 70 national and international presentations, and one book, Metal Matrix Composites, written with J. P. Kershaw and published by The Chemical Rubber Company (now CRC Press) in 1972. ADVISORY BOARD C. Howard Adams Michael Hoch SPI Research Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and National Bureau of Standards Metallurgical Engineering Washington, D.C. 20234 University of Cincinnati Clifton Avenue Allen M. Alper Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Director of Research and Engineering Chemical and Metallurgical Division Harry B. Kirkpatrick (deceased) GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Tow anda, Pennsylvania 18848 Jack L. Koenig Harris M. Burte Professor, Division of Macromolecular Science Chief, Metals and Ceramics Division Case Western Reserve University Air Force Materials Laboratory 2040 Adelbert Road Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Joseph E. Davison Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering George W. Latimer, Jr. University of Dayton Group Leader, Analytical Methods 300 College Park Mead Johnson Company Dayton, Ohio 45409 Evansville, Indiana 47721 Winston H. Duckworth Research Leader, Ceramic Materials Section David R. Lide, Jr. Battelle/Columbus Laboratories Chief, Office of Standard Reference Data 505 King Avenue National Bureau of Standards Columbus, Ohio 43201 U.S. Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. 20234 Edward B. Femsler (retired) 114 Willoughby Avenue Huntington, West Virginia 25705 Ward F. Simmons Associate Director, Defense Metals Information Francis S. Galasso Center Chief, Materials Science Battelle/Columbus Laboratories United Aircraft Research Laboratories 505 King Avenue East Hartford, Connecticut 06108 Columbus, Ohio 43201 CONTRIBUTORS C. Howard Adams Francis S. Galasso SPI Research Associate Chief, Materials Science National Bureau of Standards United Aircraft Research Laboratories Washington, D.C. 20234 East Hartford, Connecticut 06108 Allen M. Alper Henry E. Hagy Director of Research and Engineering Senior Research Associate — Physics Chemical and Metallurgical Division Research and Development Division, Technical GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Staffs Services Laboratories Towanda, Pennsylvania 18848 Corning Glass Works Sullivan Park Ray E. Bolz Corning, New York 14830 Vice President and Dean of the Faculty Worcester Polytechnic Institute C. R. Hammond Worcester, Massachusetts 01609 Emhart Corporation P.O.Box 1620 Allen Brodsky Hartford, Connecticut 06102 Radiation Physicist Mercy Hospital Michael Hoch Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 Professor, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering D. F. Bunch University of Cincinnati Atomics International Clifton Avenue Canoga Park, California 91304 Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Bernard Jaffe Donald E. Campbell Vernitron Piezoelectric Division Senior Research Associate — Chemistry 232 Forbes Road Research and Development Division, Technical Beford, Ohio 44146 Staffs Services Laboratories Corning Glass Works Richard N. Kleiner Sullivan Park Section Head, Ceramics Department Corning, New York 14830 Precision Materials Group Chemical and Metallurgical Division William B. Cottrell GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Director, Nuclear Safety Program Towanda, Pennsylvania 18848 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 George W. Latimer, Jr. Group Leader, Analytical Methods Mead Johnson Company Joseph E. Davison Evansville, Indiana 47721 Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering University of Dayton Robert I. Leininger 300 College Park Project Director, Biomaterials Dayton, Ohio 45409 Biological, Ecological, and Medical Sciences Department Edward B. Femsler (retired) Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 114 Willoughby Avenue 505 King Avenue Huntington, West Virginia 25705 Columbus, Ohio 43201 Robert S. Marvin James E. Selle Office of Standard Reference Data Senior Research Specialist National Bureau of Standards Mound Laboratory U.S. Department of Commerce Monsanto Research Corporation Washington, D.C. 20234 Miamisburg, Ohio 45342 Eugene F. Murphy Director, Research Center for Prosthetics U.S. Veterans Administration Gertrude B. Sherwood 252 Seventh Avenue Office of Standard Reference Data New York, New York 10001 National Bureau of Standards U.S. Department of Commerce A. Pigeaud Washington, D.C. 20234 Research Associate Department of Metallurgy and Material Science Ward F. Simmons University of Cincinnati Associate Director, Defense Metals Information Clifton Avenue Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue B. W. Roberts Columbus, Ohio 43201 Director, Superconductive Materials Data Center General Electric Corporate Research and Development George L. Tuve Box 8 2625 Exeter Road Schenectady, New York 12301 Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118 Gail D. Schmidt Chief, Radioactive Materials Branch Division of Radioactive Materials and Nuclear A. Bennett Wilson, Jr. Medicine Executive Director, Committee on Prosthetics Bureau of Radiological Health Research and Development U.S* Public Health Service National Research Council Rockville, Maryland 20852 Washington, D.C. 20037
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