Crash Course Paediatrics PDF
Preview Crash Course Paediatrics
PAEDIATRICS First and second edition authors: Christine Budd Mark Gardiner David Pang Tim Newson Third edition author: Shyam Bhakthavalsala 4 th Edition CRASH COURSE SERIES EDITOR: Dan Horton-Szar BSc(Hons) MBBS(Hons) MRCGP NorthgateMedicalPractice, Canterbury, Kent, UK FACULTY ADVISOR: Victoria Jones BSc(Hons), MBBS,MRCPCH Consultant Paediatrician, North MiddlesexUniversity Hospital, London UK Paediatrics Rajat Kapoor BMedSci (Hons), BMBS, DCH, MRCPCH Specialty Registrar, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Katy Barnes MA, MBBS Specialty Registrar, Barts Health NHS Trust, London UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2013 ContentStrategist:JeremyBowes ContentDevelopmentSpecialist:FionaConn ProjectManager:AndrewRiley Designer:ChristianBilbow IconIllustrations:GeoParkin IllustrationManager:JenniferRose ©2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissions policiesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLi- censingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthan asmaybenotedherein). Firstedition1999 Secondedition2004 Thirdedition2008 Fourthedition2013 ISBN:978-0-7234-3635-5 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenour understanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusingany information,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodsthey shouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessional responsibility. Withrespecttoanydrugorpharmaceuticalproductsidentified,readersareadvisedtocheckthemostcurrent informationprovided(i)onproceduresfeaturedor(ii)bythemanufacturerofeachproducttobeadministered,to verifytherecommendeddoseorformula,themethodanddurationofadministration,andcontraindications.Itis theresponsibilityofpractitioners,relyingontheirownexperienceandknowledgeoftheirpatients,tomake diagnoses,todeterminedosagesandthebesttreatmentforeachindividualpatient,andtotakeallappropriate safetyprecautions. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliability foranyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,or fromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. The Publisher's policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests PrintedinChina Series editor foreword TheCrashCourseseriesfirstpublishedin1997andnow,16yearson,wearestill goingstrong.Medicineneverstandsstill,andtheworkofkeepingthisseries relevantfortoday’sstudentsisanongoingprocess.Thesefourtheditionsbuildon thesuccessoftheprevioustitlesandincorporatenewandrevisedmaterial,tokeep theseriesuptodatewithcurrentguidelinesforbestpractice,andrecent developmentsinmedicalresearchandpharmacology. Wealwayslistentofeedbackfromourreaders,throughfocusgroupsandstudent reviewsoftheCrashCoursetitles.Forthefourtheditionswehavecompletelyre- writtenourself-assessmentmaterialtokeepupwithtoday’s‘single-bestanswer’ and‘extendedmatchingquestion’formats.Theartworkandlayoutofthetitleshas alsobeenlargelyre-workedtomakeiteasierontheeyeduringlongsessionsof revision. Despitefullyrevisingthebookswitheachedition,weholdfasttotheprincipleson whichwefirstdevelopedtheseries.CrashCoursewillalwaysbringyouallthe informationyouneedtoreviseincompact,manageablevolumesthatintegrate basicmedicalscienceandclinicalpractice.Thebooksstillmaintainthebalance betweenclarityandconciseness,andprovidesufficientdepthforthoseaimingat distinction.Theauthorsaremedicalstudentsandjuniordoctorswhohaverecent experienceoftheexamsyouarenowfacing,andtheaccuracyofthematerialis checkedbyateamoffacultyadvisorsfromacrosstheUK. Iwishyouallthebestforyourfuturecareers! Dr Dan Horton-Szar SeriesEditor v Intentionally left as blank Preface TheneweditionofCrashCourse:Paediatricshasbeenreformattedcompared topreviouseditionstoprovideastructureforhistoryandexaminationatthe beginningofthebook.Theselfassessmentsectionhasbeenupdatedtoinclude ‘singlebestanswer’and‘extendedmatching’questionstoreflectthecurrent formofassessment. Thiseditioncontinuestoprovideapracticalapproachtopaediatricsandthehints andtipsboxeshavebeenrevisedtoreflectthis.Thebookedisaimedatthe undergraduatebutwouldbeagreatresourceforfoundationtraineesorspecialty doctorsembarkingonacareerinpaediatrics. Rajat Kapoor Katy Barnes Victoria Jones vii Intentionally left as blank Acknowledgements Wewouldliketothankourfamiliesfortheircontinuoussupport. Rajat Kapoor Katy Barnes Victoria Jones ix
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