Cr-Cs – Cu-Zr

494 Pages·1994·14.55 MB·English

by  B. Predel (auth.), O. Madelung (eds.)

Cr-Cs 1
Cr-Cs (Chromium-Caesium)
This system has been reviewed by Venkatraman et al. [84Ven1]. The only information concerning phase
equilibria is the value of the solubility of Cr in liquid Cs at ≈ 1250 K found experimentally. It amounts to
10(cid:150)3 at% Cr (Tepper et al. [63Tep1]). The phase diagram postulated by Venkatraman et al. [84Ven1] is
given in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cr-Cs. Tentative phase diagram.
References
63Tep1 Tepper, F., Greer, J.: Techn. Rept. ASD-TDR-63-824, Part I (1963).
84Ven1 Venkatraman, M., Neumann, J.P.: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 5 (1984) 397.
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Cr-Cu 1
Cr-Cu (Chromium-Copper)
Phase diagram
The solid-liquid equilibria have been investigated very often. The first authors are Hindrichs [08Hin1]
and Siedschlag [23Sie1]. They were followed by Corson [30Cor1], Alexander [39Ale1], Hibbard et al.
[48Hib1], Doi et al. [57Doi1], Zakharov et al. [67Zak1], Drits et al. [75Dri2], Kuznetsov et al. [77Kuz1],
Timberg et al. [82Tim1], Ono et al. [84Ono1] and Leonov et al. [86Leo1]. An assessment of the phase
diagram and the thermodynamic data has been done by H(cid:228)m(cid:228)l(cid:228)inen et al. [90H(cid:228)m1]. Their results were
taken to draw Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the phase equilibria near the eutectic temperature on the Cr-rich and the Cu-
rich side, respectively (taken from H(cid:228)m(cid:228)l(cid:228)inen et al. [90H(cid:228)m1]). All results are in good agreement with
assessed phase equilibria as published by Chakrabarti et al. [84Cha1] and Saunders [87Sau1].
(Cu) solid solutions with up to 2 at% Cr could be prepared by rapid solidification (Morris et al.
[88Mor1]).
Precipitation phenomena occurring in supersaturated Cu-rich (Cu) solid solutions (age-hardening) are
discussed by Chakrabarti et al. [84Cha1].
Fig. 1. Cr-Cu. Phase diagram.
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New Series IV/5
Cr-Cu 2
Fig. 2. Cr-Cu. Partial phase diagram (Cr-rich part).
Fig. 3. Cr-Cu. Partial phase diagram (Cu-rich part).
Crystal structure
Lattice parameters for supersaturated (Cu) solid solutions prepared by splat-cooling have been determined
by Falkenhagen et al. [52Fal1]. The results are plotted in Fig. 4.
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Cr-Cu 3
Fig. 4. Cr-Cu. Lattice parameter for supersaturated fcc (Cu) solid solution.
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic functions were calculated for phase equilibria by Kuznetsov et al. [77Kuz1] and Doi
[57Doi1]. Using high-temperature mass spectrometry Timberg et al. [82Tim1] have determined thermo-
dynamic activities for liquid Cr-Cu alloys almost in the whole concentration range and between 1673 K
and 1889 K. The same method has been used for determining thermodynamic activities in liquid alloys by
Ono et al. [84Ono1]. For thermodynamic modelling of the phase equilibria see Chakrabarti et al.
[84Cha1]. As a result of assessment of available thermodynamic values and phase equilibria, H(cid:228)m(cid:228)l(cid:228)inen
et al. [90H(cid:228)m1] have published thermodynamic activities of Cr and Cu in liquid alloys. The aL and aL
Cr Cu
values, which are in good agreement with experimental data [82Tim1, 84Ono1], are plotted in Fig. 5.
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Cr-Cu 4
Fig. 5. Cr-Cu. Thermodynamic activities for liquid alloys at 1600(cid:133)2000 K.
References
08Hin1 Hindrichs, G.: Z. Anorg. Chem. 59 (1908) 414.
23Sie1 Siedschlag, E.: Z. Anorg. Chem. 131 (1923) 173.
30Cor1 Corson, M.: Rev. Met. 27 (1930) 83.
39Ale1 Alexander, W.: J. Inst. Met. 64 (1939) 93.
48Hib1 Hibbard, W., Rosi, F., Clark, H., O’Herron, R.: Trans. AIME 175 (1948) 283.
52Fal1 Falkenhagen, G., Hofmann, W.: Z. Metallkde. 43 (1952) 69.
57Doi1 Doi, T.: J.Jpn. Inst. Met. 21 (1957) 337.
67Zak1 Zakharov, M., Osintsev, O.: Izv. VUZ, Tsvet. Metall. (1967) 152.
75Dri2 Drits, M., Rokhlin, L., Bochvar, N., Lysova, E., Rozenberg, V., Nikolaev, A., Shparo, N.:
Non-Ferrous Met. Res. 2 (1975) 74.
77Kuz1 Kuznetsov, G., Fedorov, V., Rodnyanskaja, A.: Izv. VUZ Tsvetn. Metall. (1977) 84; Sov.
Non-Ferrous Met. Res. 3 (1977) 104.
82Tim1 Timberg, L., Toguri, J.: J. Chem. Thermodyn. 14 (1982) 193.
84Cha1 Chakrabarti, D.J., Laughlin, D.E.: Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 5 (1984) 59.
84Ono1 Ono, K., Nishi, S., Oishi, T.: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. 25 (1984) 810.
86Leo1 Leonov, M., Bochvar, N., Ivanchenko, V.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 290 (1986) 888.
87Sau1 Saunders, N.: Mat. Sci. Technol. 3 (1987) 671.
88Mor1 Morris, D.G., Morris, M.A: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 104 (1988) 201.
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Cr-Cu 5
90H(cid:228)m1 H(cid:228)m(cid:228)l(cid:228)inen, M., J(cid:228)askel(cid:228)inen, K., Luoma, R., Nuotio, M., Taskinen, P., Teppo, O.:
CALPHAD 14 (1990) 125.
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Cr-Dy 1
Cr-Dy (Chromium-Dysprosium)
Phase diagram
There is only little experimental information available concerning phase equilibria in the Cr-Dy system.
No intermediate phases are occurring, as Nassau et al. [60Nas1] and Copeland et al. [64Cop2] stated. The
latter authors found an eutectic at 76.4 at% Dy and 1453 K. A monotectic has been detected by
Svechnikov et al. [75Sve1] at 2068 K. The phase diagram as given in Fig. 1 has been taken from Moffatt
[87Mof1], who has constructed it on the basis of information available from above mentioned
publications. The solubility of Dy in (Cr) has been found by [75Sve1] to amount to 0.59 at% Dy at
2068 K.
Fig. 1. Cr-Dy. Phase diagram.
References
60Nas1 Nassau, K., Cherry, L.V., Wallace, W.E.: Phys. Chem. Solids 16 (1960) 123.
64Cop2 Copeland, M., Kato, H.: in: "Physics and Material Problems of Reactor Control Rods",
Internat. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (1964) p. 295.
75Sve1 Svechnikov, V.N., Kobzenko, G.F., Ivanchenko, V.G.: Metallofizika No. 59 (1975) 77.
87Mof1 Moffatt, W.G.: "Binary Phase Diagrams Handbook", General Electric Comp., Schenectady,
N.Y. (1987).
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Cr-Dy 2
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Cr-Er 1
Cr-Er (Chromium-Erbium)
Phase diagram
Using thermal, micrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses Love [60Lov3] has investigated the phase
equilibria for concentrations < 52 at% Cr. The results were confirmed by Copeland et al. [64Cop1]
applying similar experimental methods. The monotectic and other information were given by Svechnikov
et al. [75Sve1]. On the basis of all experimental observations obtainable in the literature, Moffatt
[87Mof1] has constructed a phase diagram, which has been taken to draw Fig. 1.
The solubility of Er in (Cr) as determined by Svechnikov et al. [75Sve1] is plotted in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1. Cr-Er. Phase diagram.
Fig. 2. Cr-Er. Solubility of Er in (Cr) solid solution vs. temperature.
Landolt-B(cid:246)rnstein
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Cr-Er 2
References
60Lov3 Love, B.: U.S.A.F., WADD Techn. Rept. 60-74 (1960) 65, 126, 221.
64Cop1 Copeland, M., Armantrout, C.E., Kato, H.: U.S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 6503 (1964)
75Sve1 Svechnikov, V.N., Kobzenko, G.F., Ivanchenko, V.G.: Metallofizika No. 59 (1975) 77.
87Mof1 Moffatt, W.G.: "Binary Phase Diagrams Handbook", General Electric Comp., Schenectady,
N.Y. (1987).
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New Series IV/5