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Cousins and Bridenbaugh’s Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Pain Medicine PDF

1360 Pages·2008·33.57 MB·English
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P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls October22,2008 19:36 E D I T I O N N U M B E R Cousins & Bridenbaugh’s NEURAL BLOCKADE IN CLINICAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE i P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 ii P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls October22,2008 19:36 F O U R T H E D I T I O N Cousins & Bridenbaugh’s NEURAL BLOCKADE IN CLINICAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE Editors Michael J. Cousins, AM, MB, BS, Terese T. Horlocker, MD MD, DSc, FANZCA, FRCA, ProfessorofAnesthesiologyandOrthopedics DepartmentofAnesthesiology FFPMANZCA, FAChPM (RACP) MayoClinicCollegeofMedicine ProfessorandHead Rochester,Minnesota DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandPainManagement RoyalNorthShoreHospital Phillip O. Bridenbaugh, MD UniversityofSydney ProfessorandDirector EmeritusProfessorandChairman PainManagementResearchInstitute DepartmentofAnesthesia UniversityofSydneyatRoyalNorthShoreHospital UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine St.Leonards,NewSouthWales Cincinnati,Ohio Australia Daniel B. Carr, MD, DABPM, FFPMANZCA (Hon) AdjunctProfessor DepartmentofAnesthesiology TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine SaltonstallProfessorofPainResearch DepartmentofAnesthesiology TuftsMedicalCenter Boston,Massachusetts ChiefMedicalOfficer JavelinPharmaceuticalsInc. Cambridge,Massachusetts iii P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls October24,2008 19:17 AcquisitionsEditor:BrianBrown ManagingEditor:NicoleT.Dernoski ProjectManager:NicoleWalz SeniorManufacturingManager:BenjaminRivera SeniorMarketingManager:AngelaPanetta DesignCoordinator:TeresaMallon CoverDesigner:LarryDidona ProductionServices:Aptara,Inc. FourthEdition ©2009byLippincottWilliams&Wilkins,aWoltersKluwerbusiness ©1998byLippincott-RavenPublishers ©1988and1980byJBLippincott Allrightsreserved.Thisbookisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinany formorbyanymeans,includingphotocopying,orutilizingbyanyinformationstorageandretrieval systemwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner,exceptforbriefquotationsembodiedin criticalarticlesandreviews.Torequestpermission,pleasecontactLippincottWilliams&Wilkinsat530 WalnutStreet,Philadelphia,PA19016,[email protected] lww.com(productsandservices). PrintedinChina LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData CousinsandBridenbaugh’sneuralblockadeinclinicalanesthesiaandpainmedicine/ [editedby]MichaelJ.Cousins,PhillipO.Bridenbaugh–4thed. p.;cm. Rev.ed.of:Neuralblockadeinclinicalanesthesiaandmanagementofpain/editors, MichaelJ.Cousins,PhillipO.Bridenbaugh.3rd.ed.c1998. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-7817-7388-1 ISBN-10:0-7817-7388-1 1.Nerveblock.2.Anesthesia.3.Analgesia.I.Cousins,MichaelJ.II.Bridenbaugh,PhillipO.,1932– III.Neuralblockadeinclinicalanesthesiaandmanagementofpain.IV.Title:Neuralblockadeinclinical anesthesiaandpainmedicine. [DNLM:1.NerveBlock.2.Anesthesia,Local.3.Pain–therapy.WO300C8672009] RD84.N482009 617.9(cid:2)6–dc22 2008029782 Carehasbeentakentoconfirmtheaccuracyoftheinformationpresentedandtodescribegenerally acceptedpractices.However,theauthors,editors,andpublisherarenotresponsibleforerrorsor omissionsorforanyconsequencesfromapplicationoftheinformationinthisbookandmakeno warranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothecurrency,completeness,oraccuracyofthecontents ofthepublication.Applicationofthisinformationinaparticularsituationremainstheprofessional responsibilityofthepractitioner;theclinicaltreatmentsdescribedandrecommendedmaynotbe consideredabsoluteanduniversalrecommendations. Theauthors,editors,andpublisherhaveexertedeveryefforttoensurethatdrugselectionand dosagesetforthinthistextareinaccordancewithcurrentrecommendationsandpracticeatthetimeof publication.However,inviewofongoingresearch,changesingovernmentregulations,andtheconstant flowofinformationrelatingtodrugtherapyanddrugreactions,thereaderisurgedtocheckthepackage insertforeachdrugforanychangeinindicationsanddosageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions. Thisisparticularlyimportantwhentherecommendedagentisaneworinfrequentlyemployeddrug. SomedrugsandmedicaldevicespresentedinthispublicationhaveFoodandDrugAdministration (FDA)clearanceforlimiteduseinrestrictedresearchsettings.Itistheresponsibilityofhealthcare providerstoascertaintheFDAstatusofeachdrugordeviceplannedforuseintheirclinicalpractice. Thepublishershavemadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersforborrowedmaterial.Ifthey haveinadvertentlyoverlookedany,theywillbepleasedtomakethenecessaryarrangementsatthefirst opportunity. Topurchaseadditionalcopiesofthisbook,callourcustomerservicedepartmentat (800)638-3030orfaxordersto(301)223-2320.Internationalcustomersshouldcall(301)223-2300. VisitLippincottWilliams&WilkinsontheInternetat:LWW.com.LippincottWilliams&Wilkins customerservicerepresentativesareavailablefrom8:30amto6pm,EST. 10987654321 iv P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 ■ C O N T E N T S ContributingAuthors ix ForewordtotheFourthEdition xv ForewordtotheSecondEdition xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi Chapter1 TheHistoryofRegionalAnesthesia 1 DavidL.BrownandB.RaymondFink P A R T I ■ P H A R M A C O L O G Y A N D N E U R O P H Y S I O L O G Y Chapter2 NeuralPhysiologyandLocalAnestheticAction 26 GaryStrichartz,ElsPastijn,andKenjiSugimoto Chapter3 Properties,Absorption,andDispositionofLocal AnestheticAgents 48 LaurenceE.MatherandGeoffreyT.Tucker Chapter4 ClinicalPharmacologyofLocalAnesthetics 96 JohnF.Butterworth,IV Chapter5 LocalAnestheticSystemicToxicity 114 GraemeA.McLeod,JohnF.Butterworth,IV,andJ.A.W.Wildsmith Chapter6 ModificationofMetabolicResponsestoSurgerybyNeural Blockade 133 FrancescoCarliandThomasSchricker Chapter7 NeuralBlockade:ImpactonOutcome 144 ChristopherL.WuandSpencerS.Liu P A R T I I ■ T E C H N I Q U E S O F N E U R A L B L O C K A D E I N C L I N I C A L A N E S T H E S I A Chapter8 PerioperativeManagementofPatientsandEquipment SelectionforNeuralBlockade 160 JamesC.CrewsandVincentW.S.Chan SECTION A ■ NEURAXIAL BLOCKADE Chapter9 AnatomyoftheNeuraxis 181 QuinnH.Hogan v P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 vi Contents Chapter10 Spinal(Subarachnoid)Blockade 213 MikkoPitka¨nen Chapter11 EpiduralNeuralBlockade 241 BernadetteT.VeeringandMichaelJ.Cousins Chapter12 NeurologicComplicationsofNeuraxialBlock 296 TereseT.HorlockerandDeniseJ.Wedel SECTION B ■ PERIPHERAL BLOCK Chapter13 TheUpperExtremity:SomaticBlock 316 JosephM.Neal Chapter14 TheLowerExtremity:SomaticBlockade 343 F.KayserEnneking,DeniseJ.Wedel,andTereseT.Horlocker Chapter15 IntravenousRegionalNeuralBlockade 372 PerH.Rosenberg SECTION C ■ THORAX AND ABDOMEN Chapter16 Intercostal,Intrapleural,andPeripheralBlockadeofthe ThoraxandAbdomen 383 DominicC.HarmonandGeorgeD.Shorten SECTION D ■ HEAD AND NECK Chapter17 SomaticBlockadeoftheHeadandNeck 405 SanthanamSureshandNarasimhanJagannathan Chapter18 NeuralBlockadeofOralandCircumoralStructures 426 MortonB.Rosenberg,JosephA.Giovannitti,Jr.,andJamesC.Phero Chapter19 NeuralBlockadeoftheEye 443 KathrynE.McGoldrickandMarianneE.Feitl Chapter20 NeurologicComplicationsofPeripheralNeuralBlockade 464 Herve´ BouazizandDanBenhamou P A R T I I I ■ A P P L I C A T I O N S O F N E U R A L B L O C K A D E I N C L I N I C A L A N E S T H E S I A Chapter21 NeuralBlockadeforSurgerytotheHeadandNeck 479 BanC.H.Tsui,DerekDillane,andBrendanT.Finucane Chapter22 NeuralBlockadeforCardiovascularSurgery 492 MarkA.Chaney Chapter23 NeuralBlockadeforAbdominalandThoracic (Non-vascular)Surgery 520 FranciscoAsenjoandFrancescoCarli Chapter24 NeuralBlockadeforObstetricsandGynecologicSurgery 532 DavidO.GormanandDavidJ.Birnbach Chapter25 NeuralBlockadeforOrthopedicSurgery 566 XavierCapdevila,PaulZetlaoui,andStephenMannion P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 23:21 Contents vii Chapter26 NeuralBlockadeforAmbulatorySurgery 584 MichaelF.Mulroy Chapter27 NeuralBlockadeforPediatricSurgery 595 BernardJ.DalensandRene´ Truchon P A R T I V ■ N E U R A L B L O C K A D E A N D T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F P A I N SECTION A ■ PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY, AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS Chapter28 PainMedicine:History,EmergenceasaMedicalSpecialty, andEvolutionoftheMultidisciplinaryApproach 631 RollinM.GallagherandScottM.Fishman Chapter29 SocioeconomicFactorsinChronicPainandIts Management 644 JohnD.Loeser Chapter30 DevelopmentalAspectsofNociception 651 SuellenM.Walker Chapter31 IntroductiontoPainMechanisms:ImplicationsforNeural Blockade 661 PhilipJ.SiddallandMichaelJ.Cousins Chapter32 PhysiologicandPharmacologicSubstratesofNociception afterTissueandNerveInjury 693 TonyL.Yaksh Chapter33 PharmacologicSubstratesofPain:PeripheralVoltage GatedIonChannelsinPain 752 LucindaC.SeagroveandAnthonyH.Dickenson Chapter34 NeurochemicalandNeurophysiologicalEffectsofNeedle Insertion:ClinicalImplications 763 MichaelJ.ButlerandPhilipJ.Siddall Chapter35 PsychologicalAspectsofPain:ImplicationsforNeural Blockade 777 JoelKatzandRonaldMelzack Chapter36 ThePlaceboResponse:ImplicationsforNeuralBlockade 794 DamienG.FinnissandFabrizioBenedetti SECTION B ■ CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF PERSISTENT PAIN Chapter37 AssessmentandDiagnosisofChronicPainConditions 801 ChristopherVijeandMichaelA.Ashburn Chapter38 DiagnosticandPrognosticNeuralBlockade 811 QuinnH.HoganandStephenE.Abram SECTION C ■ TECHNIQUES OF NEURAL BLOCKADE AND NEUROSTIMULATION Chapter39 SympatheticNeuralBlockadeofUpperandLower Extremity 848 HaraldBreivikandMichaelJ.Cousins P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 viii Contents Chapter40 SpinalRouteofAnalgesia:OpioidsandFutureOptionsfor SpinalAnalgesicChemotherapy 886 DanielB.CarrandMichaelJ.Cousins Chapter41 Neurostimulation 948 JoshuaP.PragerandMichaelStanton-Hicks Chapter42 PercutaneousNeuralDestructiveTechniques 991 DavidNivandMichaelGofeld SECTION D ■ APPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, AND THE FUTURE Chapter43 AcutePainManagementandAcutePainServices 1036 PamelaE.MacIntyreandDavidA.Scott Chapter44 SpinalPainandtheRoleofNeuralBlockade 1063 JamesP.Rathmell,CarlosA.Pino,andShihabAhmed Chapter45 TreatmentofCancerPain:RoleofNeuralBlockadeand Neuromodulation 1111 AllenW.Burton,PhillipC.Phan,andMichaelJ.Cousins Chapter46 ComplexRegionalPainSyndrome,IncludingApplications ofNeuralBlockade 1154 AndreasBinderandRalfBaron Chapter47 TheTreatmentofPaininNeonatalandPediatricPatients 1169 ConstanceS.Houck,JosephD.Tobias,MaryEllenTresgallo, K.J.S.Anand,andWilliamS.Schechter Chapter48 TheTreatmentofPaininOlderPatients 1200 RobertD.HelmeandJuliaA.Fleming Chapter49 PalliativeCareandPainControlinOlderPersonsand ThosewithTerminalIllness 1214 PerryG.Fine Chapter50 ComplicationsinPainMedicine 1223 JamesP.Rathmell Chapter51 NewHorizons 1268 AllanI.Basbaum Index 1275 P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 ■ C O N T R I B U T I N G A U T H O R S StephenE.Abram,MD FabrizioBenedetti,MD Professor Professor DepartmentofAnesthesiology DepartmentofNeuroscience MedicalCollegeofWisconsin ClinicalandAppliedPhysiologyProgram DepartmentofAnesthesiology UniversityofTurinMedicalSchool FroedtertMemorialLutheranHospital Turin,Italy Milwaukee,Wisconsin DanielBenhamou,MD ShihabAhmed,MBBS,MPH ProfessorofAnesthesiaandIntensiveCare AssistantProfessor DepartmentofAnesthesiaandIntensiveCare DeaprtmentofAnesthesia UniversiteParisSud HarvardMedicalSchool Chairman AssistantinAnesthesia DepartmentofAnesthesiaand DepartmentofAnesthesia IntensiveCare MassachusettsGeneralHospital HopitalBicetre Boston,Massachusetts LeKremlin-Bicetre,France K.J.S.Anand,MBSS,DPhil AndreasBinder,DrMed MorrisandHettieOakleyEndowedChair DivisionofNeurologicalPainResearchand ofCriticalCareMedicine Therapy ProfessorofPediatrics,Anesthesiology,Pharmacology, DepartmentofNeurology NeurobiologyandDevelopmentalSciences UniversitatsklinikumSchleswig-Holstein Director Kiel,Germany PainNeurobiologyLaboratory ArkansasChildren’sHospitalResearchInstitute DavidJ.Birnbach,MD,MPH LittleRock,Arkansas ProfessorandExecutiveViceChair FranciscoAsenjo,MD DepartmentofAnesthesiology UniversityofMiami AssistantProfessor Director DepartmentofAnesthesia UniversityofMiami–JacksonMemorial McGillUniversity HospitalCenterforPatientSafety StaffAnesthesiologist UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolof DepartmentofAnesthesia Medicine McGillUniversityHealthCentre Miami,Florida Montreal,Canada MichaelA.Ashburn,MD,MBA,MPH Herve´ Bouaziz,MD ProfessorofAnesthesiology Professor DirectorofPainMedicineandPalliativeCare DepartmentofAnesthesiology PennPainMedicineCenter UniversityofNancy UniversityofPennsylvania PraticienHospitalier Philadelphia,Pennsylvania DepartmentofAnesthesiology UniversityHospital RalfBaron,Dr.Med Nancy,France Head,DivisionofNeurologicalPainResearch DepartmentofNeurology HaraldBreivik,MD,DMSc,FRCA(elected) UniversitatsklinikumSchleswig-Holstein Professor Kiel,Germany MedicalFaculty UniversityofOslo AllanL.Basbaum,PhD,FRS Consultant ProfessorandChair DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandIntensive DepartmentofAnatomy Care UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco RikshospitaletMedicalCenter SanFrancisco,California Oslo,Norway ix P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:Prepress LWBK068-FM LWBK068-Cousins LWBK068-Cousins-v1.cls September26,2008 20:32 x ContributingAuthors DavidL.Brown,MD VincentW.S.Chan,MD,FRCPC ProfessorofAnesthesiologyandChair Professor InstituteofAnesthesiology DepartmentofAnesthesia ClevelandClinicFoundation UniversityofToronto Cleveland,Ohio StaffAnesthesiologist DepartmentofAnesthesiology AllenW.Burton,MD TorontoWesternHospital Professor Toronto,Ontario,Canada DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandPainMedicine MarkA.Chaney,MD UniversityofTexas AssociateProfessor ChiefofCancerPainMedicine DirectorofCardiacAnesthesia ClinicalMedicalDirector DepartmentofAnesthesiaandCriticalCare PainCenter UniversityofChicago UniversityofTexas–MDAndersonCancerCenter Chicago,Illinois Houston,Texas MichaelJ.Cousins,AM,MB,BS,MD,DSc,FANZCA, MichaelJ.Butler,FRCP,FRACP FRCA,FFPMANZCA,FAChPM(RACP) SeniorLecturerinMedicine ProfessorandHead DepartmentofMedicine DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandPainManagement UniversityofAuckland RoyalNorthShoreHospital RheumatologistandPainMedicineSpecialist UniversityofSydney RheumatologyDepartment ProfessorandDirector TheAucklandRegionalDistrictHealthBoard PainManagementResearchInstitute Auckland,NewZealand UniversityofSydneyatRoyalNorthShoreHospital St.Leonards,NewSouthWales JohnF.Butterworth,IV,MD Australia RobertKStoeltingProfessorandChairman DepartmentofAnesthesia JamesC.Crews,MD IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine AssociateProfessor Co-ChiefofService DepartmentofAnesthesiology AnesthesiaService WakeForestUniversity ClarianHealthPartners–IndianaUniversityHospital Director,AcutePainService Indianapolis,Indiana DepartmentofAnesthesiology WakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCenter XavierCapdevila,MD,PhD Winston-Salem,NorthCarolina ProfessorofAnesthesiologyandCriticalCareMedicine MontpellierSchoolofMedicineandUniversity BernardJ.Dalens,MD,PhD HeadofDepartment ClinicalProfessor DepartmentofAnesthesiaandCriticalCareMedicine DepartmentofAnesthesiology LapeyronieUniversityHospital Universite´ Laval Montpellier,France Anesthesiologist DepartmentofAnesthesiology FrancescoCarli,MD,MPHIL CCHUL-CHUQ Quebec,Canada Professor DepartmentofAnesthesia AnthonyH.Dickenson,PhD,FMedSci McGillUniversity ProfessorofNeuropharmacology StaffAnesthesiologist DepartmentofPharmacology DepartmentofAnesthesia UniversityCollegeLondon McGillUniversityHealthCentre London,UnitedKingdom Montreal,Cananda DereckDillane,MB,BCh,BAO,MMedSci,FFARCSI DanielB.Carr,MD,FABPM,FFPMANZCA(Hon) AssistantProfessor AdjunctProfessorofAnesthesiology DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandPainMedicine AdjunctProfessorofPharmacologyandExperimental UniversityofAlberta Therapeutics UniversityofAlbertaHospital DepartmentofAnesthesiology Edmonton,Canada TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine SaltonstallProfessorofPainResearch F.KayserEnneking,MD DepartmentofAnesthesiology ProfessorandChair TuftsMedicalCenter DepartmentofAnesthesiology Boston,Massachusetts CollegeofMedicine ChiefMedicalOfficer UniversityofFlorida JavelinPharmaceuticalsInc. ShandsHealthcareSystem Cambridge,Massachusetts Gainesville,Florida

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This comprehensive, authoritative text presents the scientific foundations and clinical practice of neural blockade in both regional anesthesia and the management of pain. The descriptions and illustrations of pain mechanisms are considered classic examples. The Fourth Edition has been refined for c
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.