Courts in Latin America PDF
Preview Courts in Latin America
This page intentionally left blank courts in latin america To what extent do courts in Latin America protect individual rights and limit govern- ments? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together today’s leadingscholarsofjudicialpolitics.DrawingonexamplesfromArgentina,Brazil,Chile, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Bolivia, the authors demonstrate that there is widespread variation in the performance of Latin America’s constitutional courts. In accountingforthisvariation,thecontributorspushforwardongoingdebatesaboutwhat motivatesjudges;whetherinstitutions,partisanpolitics,andpublicsupportshapeinter- branchrelations;andtheimportanceofjudicialattitudesandlegalculture.Theauthors deploy a range of methods, including qualitative case studies, paired country compar- isons,statisticalanalysis,andgametheory. Gretchen Helmke is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Rochester. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 2000. She has receivedfellowshipsfromtheWeatherheadCenterforInternationalandAreaStudies atHarvardUniversity,theKelloggInstituteforInternationalStudiesattheUniversityof NotreDame,andtheWoodrowWilsonInternationalCenterforScholarsinWashing- ton,D.C.Shehaspublishedtwobooks:CourtsunderConstraints:Judges,Generals,and Presidents in Argentina (2005) andInformal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from LatinAmerica(coeditedwithStevenLevitsky;2006).Shehasalsopublishednumerous articles in leading political science journals on comparative political institutions, the ruleoflaw,andLatinAmericanpolitics. JulioR´ıos-FigueroaisAssistantProfessorintheDivisionofPoliticalStudiesatCentrode Investigacio´nyDocenciaEcono´micasinMexicoCity.HereceivedhisPh.D.fromNew YorkUniversity(NYU)in2006.HewasaHauserResearchScholarattheNYUSchoolof Lawduringtheacademicyear2006–2007.Hehaspublishedarticlesontheruleoflaw, LatinAmericanpolitics,andtheemergenceandperformanceofjudicialinstitutionsin journalssuchasComparativePolitics,JournalofLatinAmericanStudies,Comparative PoliticalStudies,andLatinAmericanPoliticsandSociety.Heiscurrentlyworkingona bookprojectonthejudicialconstructionofdueprocessrightsinLatinAmerica. Courts in Latin America Editedby GRETCHEN HELMKE UniversityofRochester,DepartmentofPoliticalScience ´ JULIO RIOS-FIGUEROA CentrodeInvestigacio´nyDocenciaEcono´micas,Divisio´ndeEstudiosPol´ıticos cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107001091 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata CourtsinLatinAmerica/editedbyGretchenHelmke,JulioR´ıos-Figueroa. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-1-107-00109-1(hardback) 1.Constitutionalcourts–LatinAmerica. 2.Courtsoflastresort–LatinAmerica. 3.Judicial process–LatinAmerica. 4.Civilrights–LatinAmerica. I.Helmke,Gretchen,1967– II.R´ıosFigueroa,Julio. kg501.c68 2011 347.8(cid:3)035–dc22 2010038589 isbn978-1-107-00109-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsforexternalor third-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontenton suchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Contributors pagevii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: CourtsinLatinAmerica 1 GretchenHelmkeandJulioR´ıos-Figueroa 1 InstitutionsforConstitutionalJusticeinLatinAmerica 27 JulioR´ıos-Figueroa 2 EnforcingRightsandExercisinganAccountabilityFunction:Costa Rica’sConstitutionalChamberoftheSupremeCourt 55 BruceM.Wilson 3 StrategicDeferenceintheColombianConstitutionalCourt, 1992–2006 81 JuanCarlosRodr´ıguez-Raga 4 FromQuietismtoIncipientActivism:TheInstitutionaland IdeologicalRootsofRightsAdjudicationinChile 99 JavierCousoandLisaHilbink 5 “FaithfulServantsoftheRegime”:TheBrazilianConstitutional Court’sRoleunderthe1988Constitution 128 DanielM.Brinks 6 PowerBroker,PolicyMaker,orRightsProtector?TheBrazilian SupremoTribunalFederalinTransition 154 DianaKapiszewski v vi Contents 7 LegalistversusInterpretativist:TheSupremeCourtandthe DemocraticTransitioninMexico 187 AriannaSa´nchez,BeatrizMagaloni,andEricMagar 8 ATheoryofthePoliticallyIndependentJudiciary:AComparative StudyoftheUnitedStatesandArgentina 219 RebeccaBillCha´vez,JohnA.Ferejohn,andBarryR.Weingast 9 Courts,Power,andRightsinArgentinaandChile 248 DruscillaScribner 10 Bolivia:TheRise(andFall)ofJudicialReview 278 AndreaCastagnolaandAn´ıbalPe´rez-Lin˜a´n 11 ThePuzzlingJudicialPoliticsofLatinAmerica:ATheoryof Litigation,JudicialDecisions,andInterbranchConflict 306 GretchenHelmkeandJeffreyK.Staton Index 332 Contributors DanielM.Brinks,UniversityofTexasatAustin AndreaCastagnola,FacultadLatinoamericanadeCienciasSociales,MexicoCity RebeccaBillCha´vez,U.S.NavalAcademy,Annapolis,Maryland JavierCouso,UniversidadDiegoPortales,Santiago JohnA.Ferejohn,NewYorkUniversity,NewYork GretchenHelmke,UniversityofRochester,NewYork LisaHilbink,UniversityofMinnesota,TwinCities DianaKapiszewski,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine BeatrizMagaloni,StanfordUniversity,PaloAlto,California EricMagar,InstitutoTecnolo´gicoAuto´nomodeMe´xico,MexicoCity An´ıbalPe´rez-Lin˜a´n,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania JulioR´ıos-Figueroa,CentrodeInvestigacio´nyDocenciaEcono´micas,MexicoCity JuanCarlosRodr´ıguez-Raga,UniversidaddelosAndes,Bogota´ AriannaSa´nchez,Curtis,Mallet-Prevost,Colt,andMosleLLP,NewYorkCity DruscillaScribner,UniversityofWisconsin,Oshkosh JeffreyK.Staton,EmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia BarryR.Weingast,StanfordUniversity,PaloAlto,California BruceM.Wilson,UniversityofCentralFlorida,Orlando vii
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