Court Culture in the Early Middle Ages: The Proceedings of the First Alcuin Conference

304 Pages·2003·13.874 MB·English

by  Catherine Cubitt

COURT CULTURE
IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
The Proceedings of the First Alcuin Conference
STUDIES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
EDITORIAL BOARD UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
CENTRE FOR MEDIEVAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF YORK
Elizabeth M. Tyler (University of York)
Julian D. Richards (University of York)
Ross Balzaretti (University of Nottingham)
VOLUME 3
COURT CULTURE
IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
The Proceedings of the First Alcuin Conference
Edited by
Catherine Cubitt
H
F
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Court culture in the early Middle Ages: the proceedings of the first Alcuin
conference. – (Studies in the early middle ages; v. 3)
1.Alcuin, ca. 732-804 – Congresses 2.Courts and courtiers – Congresses
3.Middle Ages – History – Congresses 4.Civilization, Medieval – Congresses 5.
France – Court and courtiers – Congresses 6.France – History – To 987 –
Congresses 7.England – Court and courtiers – Congresses 8.Great Britain –
History – Alfred, 871-899 – Congresses 9.Europe – Court and courtiers –
Congresses
I.Cubitt, Catherine
940.1
ISBN 2503511643
© 2003, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
D/2003/0095/24
ISBN: 2-503-51164-3
Contents
Illustrations vii
Preface xi
Abbreviations xiii
Introduction 1
CATHERINE CUBITT
Unsettled at Aachen: Alcuin between Frankfort and Tours 17
DONALD A. BULLOUGH†
Was Charlemagne’s Court a Courtly Society? 39
JANET L. NELSON
‘A Place of Discipline’: Carolingian Courts and Aristocratic Youth 59
MATTHEW INNES
Mathematics at Charlemagne’s Court and Its Transmission 77
PAUL L. BUTZER AND KARL W. BUTZER
The Illustrated Manuscript of the Visio Baronti [Revelatio Baronti] 91
in St Petersburg (Russian National Library, cod. Oct.v.I.5)
LAWRENCE NEES
Carolingian Royal Palaces: 129
The State of Research from an Architectural Historian’s Viewpoint
UWE LOBBEDEY
Anglo-Saxon Courts 155
JAMES CAMPBELL
Wrestling with Hercules: King Alfred and the Classical Past 171
SUSAN IRVINE
Persuasion and Invention at the Court of King Alfred the Great 189
DAVID PRATT
Papal Court Culture during the Pontificate of Zacharias (AD 741–52) 223
JOHN OSBORNE
Beyond the De Ceremoniis 235
ROSEMARY MORRIS
The Byzantine Court and Byzantine Art 255
LYN RODLEY
Index 275
Illustrations
1. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fols 1v–2r, Visio Baronti,
opening miniature and initial.
2. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fol. 1v, Visio Baronti,
frontispiece miniature.
3. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fols 8v–9r, Visio Baronti,
Raphael and angels/messenger angel and St Peter.
4. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fol. 9v, Visio Baronti,
Barontus led before St Peter by demons.
5. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fol. 10v, Visio Baronti.
St Peter saves Barontus and drives away the demons.
6. St Petersburg, Russian National Library, cod. lat. Oct.v.I.5, fol. 19r, Visio Rothcharii,
opening and initial.
7. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, cod. gr. 74, fol. 51v, Last Judgement.
8. Michelangelo, Last Judgement, from the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, detail of
Christ.
9. Reims, Bibliothèque municipale, cod. 7, fols 21v–22r, Gospels of Hincmar from St-
Thierry, Evangelist Matthew and initial to Matthew.
10. Utrecht, University Library, MS 32, fols 1v–2r, Utrecht Psalter, illustrations to
Psalms 1 and 2.
11. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 4452, Pericopes of Emperor Henry II,
ivory cover, Crucifixion and Resurrection.
12. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, cod. 1152, Psalter of Charles the Bald,
ivory cover on back of the manuscript, the penitence of David before Nathan.
viii Illustrations
13. Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, cod. lat. 3225, fol. 48v, Vatican Vergil,
Aeneas and Sibyl before Cerberus; Minos judging spirits.
14. Bern, Burgerbibliothek, cod. 318, fol. 17v, Bern Physiologus, illustration of the
Salamander in a bath.
15. Aachen, overall plan of the palace.
16. Aachen, Hall, ground plan and reconstruction of the elevation.
17. Trier, Constantinian palace hall.
18. Rome, Lateran palace, isometric partial reconstruction of the main area.
19a. Ingelheim, overall plan of the palace area.
19b. Ingelheim, overall plan of the palace area with the reconstruction of the building
alignments.
20. Ingelheim, hall, findings, and reconstruction of the elevation.
21. Paderborn, Phase 1 palace buildings.
22. Paderborn, Phase 2 palace buildings.
23. Paderborn, Phase 3 palace buildings.
24. Frankfurt-am-Main, palace complex and church.
25. St Denis, palace complex, north of the Abbey.
26. Salerno, S Pietro a Corte, section.
27a. Oviedo, the so-called Belvedere at the slope of Mount Naranco.
27b. Oviedo, the so-called Belvedere at the slope of Mount Naranco.
28. The Alfred Jewel (gold, rock crystal, enamel; length 6.2 cm).
29. The Minster Lovell Jewel (gold, enamel; length 3.1 cm).
30. Fitting found at Bowleaze Cove, near Weymouth, Dorset (gold, blue glass; length
2.8 cm).
31. Fitting found at Cley Hill, near Warminster, Wiltshire (rock crystal, gold, blue glass;
length 4.3 cm).
32. Rouen, Bibliothèque muncipale, MS Y. 6, fol. 71r: Judas kisses Jesus in the garden
of Gethsemane.
33. The Fuller Brooch (silver, niello; diameter 11.4 cm).
34. Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale, lat. 6, fol 111r: Illuminated initial ‘T’ in an illustrated
Beneventan manuscript of Vergil’s works.
Illustrations ix
35. Madonna and Child enthroned with saints and donors, Chapel of SS. Quiricus and
Julitta, S. Maria Antiqua, Rome.
36. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, Cod. Matritensis gr. Vitr. 26-2, fol. 145r b. Madrid
Skylitzes: Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (963–69) is greeted on his return from
campaign with music and ceremony.
37. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, Cod. Matritensis gr. Vitr. 26-2, fol. 172v a. Madrid
Skylitzes: Emperor John I Tzimiskes (969–76) leads a procession to celebrate victory
over the Bulgarians headed by an icon of the Virgin.
38. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, Cod. Matritensis gr. Vitr. 26-2, fol. 131r a. Madrid
Skylitzes: The mandylion of Edessa is presented to Romanos I Lekapenos (944).
39. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, Cod. Matritensis gr. Vitr. 26-2, fol. 210v. Madrid
Skylitzes: Procession to Blachernai from the palace.
40. Alexander mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.
41. The manner of wrapping a loros.
42. Constantine VII, ivory panel (Pushkin Museum, Moscow).
43. Zoe mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.
44. Nikephoros II Phokas, in the Pigeon House Church, Çavu2sin, Cappadocia.
45. The Holy Crown of Hungary, Budapest.
46. Limburg reliquary (Cathedral treasury, Limburg).
47. Glass bowl, Treasury of San Marco, Venice.