Course Material for App. Asst. Loco Pilot

339 Pages·2015·10.32 MB·English

Course Material for
App. Asst. Loco Pilot
(RRB)

Electric Traction Training Centre
South Central Railway
Vijayawada
2014
App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material
INDEX

Sl. Description
Page No.
No.
1 Indian Railways (3 days) 2-10
General Information 3-4
Fire fighting 5-7
First aid 7-10
2 Basics of Elec. And Mech. Engg. (3 days) 11-25
Electrical – symbols, electricity, voltage, intensity, resistance, Ohm‘s Law 11-14
Simple Electrical circuits, short circuit 14-16
Electrical Connections 16
Conductors and Insulators, Capacitors, Protective devices 16-18
Battery, ammeters, voltmeters 18-20
DC Motors, AC Motors, Generator / Alternator 20-22
Rectifier, Inverter 22-23
Precautions to be taken with various voltages of Electricity 23-24
Basic Diesel Engine 24-25
3 Familiarization with OHE and Lay outs and working of various
types of loco / sub-system / sub assemblies including SIV, 26-262
Microprocessor and 3-Ø Locomotives
Abbreviations of Loco equipment 26-32
Technical data of various locos 33-34
Locations of equipment (base WAG-5) 35-41
Cut out cocks and Drain cocks in Loco 42-44
Switches, interlocks, MP, Pantograph, Batteries & charger, contactors 45-69
and relays
Study of various OHE components 70-74
Power Circuits – feeding power, auxiliary power & control, traction 75-144
power & various control circuits in traction power sub systems
Study of Static Inverter based loco 145-160
Study of Microprocessor based loco 161-175
Study of 3-Ø loco 176-261
Various schedule inspection of loco 262
4 Familiarization with relevant aspects of coaches and wagon for
263-297
tackling problems on run
Locomotive Bogies 263-266
Pneumatic system, air & vacuum brake systems 267-297
5 Locomotive operating instructions and trouble shooting 298-333
Duties of ALP as per ACTM, TMs 298-300
Head light, 300-303
Horns not sounding, neutral section duties, negotiating gradient, ACP, 304-306
Fire Extinguishers, safety rules in 25 KV traction, emergency telephone
Loco grounding, use of flasher light, safety equipment 307-308
Various loco checking procedures, stabling of loco in yard, reading of 309-320
loco logbook and making entries
Working the train from rear cab, crew friendly cab locations, MU, 320-333
Precaution to avoid wheel skidding, Auto flasher light, Pneumatic panels
6 Crew Lobby and control office training 334-336
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Indian Railways – General Information

At Railway Ministry level and Board level

At Railway Board Level

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At Zonal Level

General Manager
Additional
General Manager
COM CEE CME
CELE CEGE CESE CEDE Dy.CEE/RS

At Divisional Level

DRM
ADRM
Sr.DOM Sr.DEE/RSO Sr.DEE/TRS Sr.DME Sr.DPO Sr.DSO Sr.DAO
ADEE
LIs CCCs TLCs
Running Staff

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Fire fighting

Classification of Fires

For all practical purposes the basic types of fires can be grouped into following four classes:
Class A Fires:
Fires involving combustible materials of organic nature, such as wood, paper, rubber and
many plastics, etc., where the cooling effect of water is essential for extinction of fires.

Class B Fires:
Fires involving flammable liquids. Petroleum products, or the like, where a blanketing effect
is essential.

Class C Fires:
Fires involving flammable gases under pressure including liquefied gases, where it is
necessary to inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an inert gas, powder or vaporizing liquid
for extinguishments.

Class D Fires:
Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, zinc, sodium,
potassium, when the burning metals are reactive to water containing agents, and in certain
cases carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and ordinary dry powders. These fires require
special media and techniques to extinguish.

Fire Extinguishers:

The types of extinguishers mentioned below against each class of fire are generally
most suited.
a) Class A Fires - Water expelling type extinguishers.
b) Class B Fires - Foam, dry powder, vaporizing liquid, carbon dioxide extinguishers.
c) Class C Fires - Dry powder and carbon dioxide extinguishers.
d) Class D Fire - Extinguishers designed for expelling special dry chemical powder.

Fire fighting

Fire on a running train is more catastrophic than on a stationary one, since fanning by
winds helps spread the fire to other coaches. Moreover, passengers sometime jump out of a
running train on fire resulting in increased casualties.
In case of fire in running train, every railway staff available on the train or at the site
shall immediately try and stop the train and plunge into action to save lives and property.

Following sources are main causes of fire in trains:
1) Carrying stoves, sigris, gas cylinders, kerosene oil, petrol, fire works etc. in
passenger compartments.
2) Making fire/using fire near paper, wood, petrol or such other inflammable articles.
3) Lighted match sticks, cigarette ends carelessly thrown.
4) Short circuit in electrical wirings.
5) Using naked light during authority taken delivery to the Loco Pilot, shunting of
inflammable loads, sealing of inflammable wagons.
6) Use of open fire, smoking near gas/petrol tank.
All railway staff and passengers should take all possible precautions to avoid
any of the above mistakes so that possibility of fire breaking out can be minimized.

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Action to be taken in case of Fire in Train:
1) First and foremost immediately summon the fire brigade.
2) Secondly, if you smell gas or vapour, or even in case of excessive smoke, hold a
wet cloth loosely over your nose & mouth and breathe through it in as normal a
manner as possible.
In case of fire in a passenger train:
1) In case of, fire pull the Alarm Chain and stop the train immediately.
2) Try and put out the fire before it becomes a big blaze by using either water or
blankets etc.
3) More people expire due to suffocation from smoke rather than due to actual
burning.
4) Advice passengers to take a cloth, wet it in their drinking water, and cover their
nostrils.
5) Instruct passengers to go to the other end of the coach which is away from the fire
and if possible cross over to the next coach through the vestibule.
6) Insist that passengers should save themselves first and not to bother about their
luggage which can be retrieved later on.
7) Make sure that no passenger lies down on the floor.
8) After train has stopped, passengers should come down from the coach immediately.
9) Building up confidence of injured passengers by suitable advice is of great
importance.
10) Don‘t panic.
11) Ascertain the type of fire viz. dry, all gaseous, electric and use the right type of
extinguishers.
12) Isolate the burning vehicle from other vehicle by uncoupling.
13) Train to be protected by Loco Pilot and guard at both ends according to the
provision of G&SR 6.03.
14) Report it to the nearest station/control/fire station.

In the event of fire on an Electric engine/EMU
1) Loco Pilot shall immediately switch off the circuit (open VCB) and lower the
pantograph. The train shall then be brought to a stop at once.
2) After disconnecting the electric supply to affected circuits, Loco Pilot shall take
necessary action to put out the fire.
3) If fire cannot be extinguished by the above means Loco Pilot shall advice TPC
through emergency telephone to arrange for OHE of the affected section to be
switched off.
4) The Guard and any other staff available shall render all possible assistance to the
Loco Pilot in putting out the fire.
5) Ordinary fire extinguishers or water from a hose pipe shall on no account be used to
extinguish fire on live wire or electrical equipment.
6) If services of fire brigade are required, fire brigade shall not be allowed to
commence operation until all electrical equipments in the vicinity of the fire have
been made dead.

In the event of a fire on a Diesel Engine/DMU stock:
1) The Loco Pilot/Motorman shall immediately switch off the circuit breaker and shut
down the engine. The train shall be brought to stop at once.
2) The guard shall give all possible assistance to the Loco Pilot in putting out the fire.
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3) Fire extinguishers of approved type shall be provided on each diesel locomotive and
motor coach of DMU when these are turned out from the home shed. The SSE/CWS
in charge of the shed shall inspect the fire extinguishers and ensure that these are in
good working condition, and not overdue.

When a person is on fire:
1) Approach him holding the nearest available wrap in front of you.
2) Wrap it round him.
3) Lay him flat and smother the flames.
4) He may roll on the floor, smothering the flames.
5) On no account should he rush out in the open air.
6) Call for assistance.

Dry chemical powder type fire extinguisher (DCP):
These types are suitable for tackling petroleum, gas, electrical fire and controlling fires
of textile fibers. Sodium based chemical powder is used on a fire which undergo
chemical reaction.

How to Use:
1) Carry to the place of fire and keep it up right.
2) Remove the safety clip.
3) Strike the knob located in the cap.
4) Sealing disk of the cartridge gets broken and allows carbon dioxide gas to escape to
the main shall and powder is pushed out.
5) Direct the steam of the powder at the base of the flame.
6) For effective result stand at about 1.5 to 2.5 m. near the seat of the fire.
7) Move forward with moving the nozzle rapidly from side to side in sweeping motion.
8) When using on outdoor fires operate from the up wind side for effective spray.

First aid

What is First Aid?

First Aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of an accident or sudden illness,
before medical help is obtained.

Aims of First Aid:

The main aims of First Aid are:
 To preserve life,
 To promote recovery,
 To prevent the worsening of the victim's condition.

Principles of First Aid:

The First step that a rescuer should take is to examine the victim to know the details of
injuries and their nature. This constitutes the Diagnosis section of First Aid. The next step is to
actually perform the First-Aid measure or man oeuvre that is deemed appropriate. This
constitutes the Treatment section of First Aid. The third step is to arrange for the casualty to be
seen by a qualified doctor or have him shifted to a nearby hospital. This step is in the First Aid
providers jargon known rather disparagingly as Disposal.
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Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation:

 Assess the responsiveness of the patient by gently shaking the victim and shouting "Are
you OK"? This precaution will prevent us from injuring during resuscitation someone
who is not truly unconscious.
 Ask someone nearby to call for Medical Help.
 Move the victim away from any dangerous location, that is, locations close to harmful
gases, fire, etc. Place the victim face up on a firm surface, such as the floor or the
ground.
 Open the Airway. One very important step in the resuscitation process is to immediately
open the airway. Quite often the tongue may block the passage of air into the air
passages. To open the airway, one hand must be placed on the victim's forehead and
firm, backward pressure with the palm is applied to tilt the head back. If there is a
suspicion of neck injury, the head should not be moved unless it is absolutely necessary
to open the airway. Place the fingers of the other hand just under the chin and lift to
bring the chin forward. If there is material like vomits or any foreign body that appears
to block the air passages it must be removed.
 Ascertain whether the patient is breathing: With the airway open, look at the chest for
signs of breathing. Put your ear next to the nose and mouth and listen for breathing.
Feel for the flow of air. If there is no breathing, begin artificial respiration.
 Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation: Place one hand on the victim's forehead to pinch the
victim's nose closed. Ensure that your breathing is regular. Take a deep breath and place
your mouth tightly over the victim's mouth. If you wish you may place a thin
handkerchief between your mouth and the victim's mouth. However, do not use a very
thick cloth, as it may be difficult to blow through it. Blow until the victim's chest rises.
Listen for air being passively exhaled. Repeat with breaths at the rate of 12 times per
minute. Children should receive smaller breaths repeated at the rate of 20 times per
minute.

Dealing with Bleeding:

Bleeding is one of the commonest causes of death in accidents. It is caused by the
rupture of blood vessels due to the severity of the injury. There are two types of bleeding:
external bleeding which is obvious and apparent and internal bleeding where the bleeding is not
apparent at the outset but may manifest itself later in the form of bleeding from the nose, ear,
lungs or stomach.

Signs and Symptoms of Bleeding:

 The patient may feel faint and even collapse.
 The skin becomes cold and clammy.
 The pulse becomes rapid and weak.
 Breathing becomes shallow and the patient may gasp for air and sigh deeply.
 Profuse sweating may occur.
 Thirst may be prominent.

Identifying the source of bleeding:

Bleeding may occur from the arteries, veins or capillaries or from combinations of the
three. It can be identified by the following characteristics:
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 Bleeding from the arteries is bright red and comes out in jets or spurts, which
correspond to the beating of the heart. This kind of bleeding is very dangerous and may
cause death quickly.
 Bleeding from the veins is dark in colour and often flows out in a continuous stream.
 Bleeding from capillaries is steady, slow ooze. In an acute situation, especially if on the
surface of the body, it is less worrying than an arterial or veinous bleeding.

How to manage External Bleeding?
 Bring the sides of the wound together and press firmly.
 Place the patient in a comfortable position and raise the injured part (if no bone fracture
is suspected).
 If you know the pressure points at the appropriate locations then press on them firmly
for 10-15 minutes.
 Apply a clean pad larger than the wound and press it firmly with the palm until the
bleeding lessens and finally stops.
 If the bleeding continues, do not remove the original dressing but add more pads.
 Finally bandage firmly but not too tightly.
 Treat for shock.
 Shift the patient to a hospital as soon as possible.

How to manage Internal Bleeding?

1. Lay the patient down with the head low. Raise his legs using pillows.
2. Keep the patient calm and relaxed with reassurance. Do not allow the patient to move.
3. Maintain the body heat with blankets, rugs or coats.
4. Do not give anything to eat.
5. Do not apply hot water bottles or ice bags to the chest or abdomen. This may make
things worse.
6. Arrange for the patient to be shifted to the hospital at the earliest.

How does one identify if a patient is in shock and how should it be managed?

Shock and its Management:

 Shock is a condition of collapse, which should be treated as top priority, second only to
attending to obstructed breathing, stoppage of the heart or severe bleeding.

Conditions in which shock is seen

 Severe Bleeding: Shock is most often caused due to loss of blood. It may either develop
at once or may be delayed. The blood loss could be either seen externally or could be
internal within a particular organ or system. The greater the loss of blood, the greater
the risk of developing shock. It is important to remember that the slow, steady loss of
blood can produce shock.
 Heart Attacks: Obstructed blood supply to the heart and failure of the function of the
heart can produce shock.
 Severe burns: Extensive areas of the burnt skin surface can produce shock.
 Severe Bacterial Infections: Discharge of toxins produced by the bacteria into the blood
stream can produce shock.
 Abdominal Emergencies: A burst appendix, perforated intestine or stomach, intestinal
obstruction, pancreatitis etc, can produce shock.
 Excessive Loss of Body Fluids: Diarrhea, vomiting etc. can produce shock.
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 Crush Injuries: Injuries following explosions, building collapses etc., can produce
shock.

Recognizing Shock:

 The patient may feel giddy or faint.
 The skin feels cold and clammy.
 The face and lips look pale.
 The pulse may be rapid and weak.
 The patient may complain of blurring of vision.
 The patient may vomit.
 In the later stages of shock the patient becomes unconscious.

Managing Shock:

 Reassure the patient if the patient is conscious.
 Place the patient comfortably on his back. Except in cases of injury to the head, chest or
abdomen, lower the head slightly and turn to one side. In case of vomiting, place in
three-quarter back up position.
 Loosen tight clothing but do not remove clothing.
 Wrap in light bed sheet or a thin rug.
 Never use hot water bottles or very warm rugs. Do not rub any part of the body with
anything.
 Do not administer anything by mouth especially in cases of injuries to the chest or
abdomen, as an operation may be required soon.
 If the patient is conscious and there is no injury to the chest or abdomen, give a little
water, hot coffee or tea. Never give any alcoholic drinks.
 Transport the patient quickly to the hospital.
Remember that in shock a delay of even a few minutes may mean death. So attend to the
patient as quickly as possible.

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