Counselor Trainees' Experience of Analyzing Their Counseling Sessions During a Master's-Level ...

209 Pages·2016·9.29 MB·English

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Dissertations Graduate College
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Abbie VanDerWege
Western Michigan University
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VanDerWege, Abbie, "Counselor Trainees' Experience of Analyzing Their Counseling Sessions During a
Master's-Level Practicum" (2011). Dissertations. 474.
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COUNSELOR TRAINEES' EXPERIENCE OF ANALYZING
THEIR COUNSELING SESSIONS DURING A
MASTER'S-LEVEL PRACTICUM
by
Abbie VanDerWege
A Dissertation
Submitted to the
Faculty of The Graduate College
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology
Advisor: Kelly A. McDonnell, Ph.D.
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, Michigan
June 2011
COUNSELOR TRAINEES' EXPERIENCE OF ANALYZING
THEIR COUNSELING SESSIONS DURING A
MASTER'S-LEVEL PRACTICUM
Abbie VanDerWege, Ph.D.
Western Michigan University, 2011
One of the central goals of counselor training is to promote and ensure
competence in novice counselors (Krasner, Howard, & Brown, 1998), and effective
performance of counseling skills is a key source of competence for counselor trainees
(Falender & Shafrankse, 2007). Previous research has separately addressed the
advantages of skills-based training (e.g., Buser, 2008; Crews et al., 2005; Urbani et
al, 2002); factors associated with counseling self-efficacy (e.g., Larson, 1998; Larson
& Daniels, 1998); the Integrated Developmental Model (Stoltenberg, McNeill, &
Delworth, 1998) of counselor development; and video review in counselor training
(e.g., Pelling & Renard, 1999; Scaife, 2001). None of these studies, however, have
concurrently explored changes in these factors from the perspective of master's-level
counselor trainees in their first practicum as they use digital recording and playback
technology to analyze their counseling skills performance and receive feedback about
their performance from their supervisors.
To address this gap, the purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study is
to describe the lived experience of counselor trainees as they engaged in the training
phenomenon, which included analyzing counseling skills demonstrations in session
recordings and receiving supervisory feedback about that analysis. The present study
also explores what the trainees reported about changes in their counseling skills
performance, counselor development, and counseling self-efficacy. Each of the eight
participants completed two interviews over the course of their semester-long
counseling practicum. The findings suggest that counselor trainees benefit from
having opportunities to consistently analyze their counseling session recordings,
whether independently or with their supervisors; would like their supervisors to
incorporate video review during supervision; and prefer specific, timely feedback that
is both positive and constructive. The results support certain aspects of counselor
development and counseling self-efficacy theories, but also include noteworthy
exceptions and ideas for future inquiry. Additional findings and a discussion of
limitations and implications for training and research are presented.

UMI Number: 3467818
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Copyright by
Abbie VanDerWege
2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would first like to express my gratitude to Dr. Kelly McDonnell who has
provided warm and insightful guidance at each step of this process. She has diligently
fulfilled the role of advisor with my best interests at heart. I would also like to thank
Drs. Eric Sauer and Karyn Boatwright who have challenged me to grow and strive for
more as a researcher and professional in the field of counseling psychology. With no
doubt, I owe my personal and educational success to my loving parents who have
always believed in my abilities and encouraged me to pursue my goals. Finally, I
thank my husband who never faltered in his support and has been a consistent source
of strength and peace.
Abbie VanDerWege
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Key Concepts 1
Focus of the Study 8
The problem 8
The purpose 9
The research questions 11
The methodological overview 11
Definition of terms 12
II. LITERATURE REVIEW 14
Counseling Skills and Counseling Skills Performance 14
Counseling skills training models 14
Application of counseling skills training models 22
Counselor Development 30
Developmental models for counselor training and
supervision 31
Integrated developmental model 33
Level 1 counselor trainees 34
Level 2 counselor trainees 36
Level 3 counselor trainees 37
iii
Table of Contents—continued
CHAPTER
Level 3 integrated counselors 39
Applicability of the IDM 40
Counseling Self-Efficacy 46
Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy 46
Social cognitive model of counselor training 48
Research of self-efficacy 50
Feedback in Supervision 59
Elements of feedback 60
Supervisees' perspectives of feedback 60
Evaluation during clinical supervision 61
Trainees' responses to procedures of facilitating feedback 62
Recording Technology in Training and Supervision 65
Videotaping during counselor training and supervision 65
Advantages of videotaping 66
Video review protocols 67
Disadvantages of videotaping 71
Digital recording during counselor training and supervision 72
Landro Play Analyzer (Landro) 74
Summary of Presented Literature 76
III. METHOD 78
Research Paradigm and Philosophical Anchors 78
iv