Counseling Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists PDF
Preview Counseling Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists
Counseling Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Counseling Skills for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists S E C O N D E D I T I O N Lydia V. Flasher, Ph.D. Paul T. Fogle, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Director, Psychology Training Programs Private Practice Licensed Psychologist Sacramento/Elk Grove, California Children’s Health Council Palo Alto, California Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Counseling Skills for Speech-Language © 2012, 2004 Delmar, Cengage Learning Pathologists and Audiologists, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Second Edition herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form Lydia V. Flasher, Ph.D. and Paul T. Fogle, or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not Ph.D., CCC-SLP limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web Vice President, Editorial: Dave Garza distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 Director of Learning Solutions: United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of Matthew Kane the publisher. 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The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fi tness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. DEDICATION Th is book is dedicated to my mentor Dr. Hans H. Strupp and my husband Dr. Dawson S. Schultz. L. V. F. Th is book is dedicated to the students and professionals who will be using what they learn to help their clients, patients, and families. I also wish to dedicate this book to my lifelong friend Ed Little, to my wife, V. Carol Fogle, R. N., and to my daughters, Heather B. Morrison and Heather Lea Fogle. P. T. F. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix PART I FOUNDATIONS OF COUNSELING SKILLS Chapter 1 THE BASICS Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Definition of Counseling for SLPs and Auds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Using Counseling Skills Versus Being a Counselor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Counseling: Science and Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Overlap in the Work of SLPs, Auds, and Psychologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Personal Qualities of Effective Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Purposes of Counseling for SLPs and Auds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Counseling Boundaries and Scope of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling for Our Professions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Bioethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Chapter 2 THEORIES OF COUNSELING: APPLICATION TO SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Humanistic Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Interpersonal Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Behavioral Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 vii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. viii ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS Cognitive Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Family Systems Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Existential Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Multicultural Approaches to Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Theoretical Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Chapter 3 THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP AND THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Variables Contributing to the Therapeutic Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Transference and Countertransference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Attending and Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Tone of Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Empathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Respect for the Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Therapeutic Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Consistency of Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Nonblaming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Making Clear Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Counseling with Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Counseling with Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Counseling with Elderly Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Avoiding “Pathologizing” the Person or Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Negotiating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Chapter 4 INTERVIEWING AND THERAPY MICROSKILLS Chapter Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Counseling Microskills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Accurate Observations and Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Selective Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Concluding Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Role Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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