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INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL THEORY SERIES EDITOR: GARY BROWNING Cosmopolitanism as Nonrelationism Who is Cosmopolitan Now? Barbara Elisabeth Müller International Political Theory Series Editor Gary Browning Oxford Brookes University Oxford, UK The Palgrave International Political Theory Series provides students and scholars with cutting-edge scholarship that explores the ways in which we theorise the international. Political theory has by tradition implicitly accepted the bounds of the state, and this series of intellectually rigorous and innovative monographs and edited volumes takes the discipline forward, reflecting both the burgeoning of IR as a discipline and the concur- rent internationalisation of traditional political theory issues and concepts. Offering a wide-ranging examination of how International Politics is to be interpreted, the titles in the series thus bridge the IR-political theory divide. The aim of the series is to explore international issues in analytic, historical and radical ways that complement and extend common forms of conceiving international relations such as realism, liberalism and construc- tivism. This series is indexed by Scopus. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14842 Barbara Elisabeth Müller Cosmopolitanism as Nonrelationism Who is Cosmopolitan Now? Barbara Elisabeth Müller Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz, Germany ISSN 2662-6039 ISSN 2662-6047 (electronic) International Political Theory ISBN 978-3-030-83456-2 ISBN 978-3-030-83457-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83457-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover credit: Oleksiy Maksymenko / Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland An earlier version of this book was accepted by the Faculty 02: Social Sciences Media and Sports of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany, in 2019 as a dissertation for obtaining the academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. Phil.). For my family P reface I love my son. I would do everything for him. I also love my husband and his other sons, I love my parents, my brother and sister, my nieces and neph- ews, my friends. I do not believe that the love I feel for them is unjust. Nor that it is just. I believe that love, friendship, and family affiliations are mat- ters beyond justice. I would describe myself as a family person through and through. I spend a lot of time and energy not only with my husband and the children but also with my parents, my brother and sister, and their families. I feel emo- tionally very close to certain people and I would do different things for those I love or to whom I feel friendship than I would for anybody else. When I cannot be there for a loved one in need, I have a bad conscience, which is different from the negative feeling I have when it comes to unknown needy people. Because I am rationally strongly attracted to the cosmopolitan idea that no one should suffer or benefit from arbitrary and unchosen circum- stances, including “natural” relationships, I have been in an inner conflict ever since I started thinking about justice and political theory. Over time, I came to see this inner conflict as something that needed to be brought into a reflective equilibrium. I have constantly had to reflect both on my intuitions about what I owe to those I love and on the arguments which I have developed during my research. This has been an arduous undertak- ing, but now that this book is completed, I hope that both my intuitions and my theoretical considerations have finally come into good balance. I do not expect this balance to last and look forward to the challenging and ix x PREfACE critical arguments I will receive in response to this book. I believe that this is the progress of science. Any mistakes in my work are of course my own responsibility. The fact that my reflections were repeatedly thrown off balance but finally brought to a more stable one, stable enough to be published in this context, is thanks to many people who have accompanied and supported me in this challenging enterprise for so many years. first of all, I would like to thank Peter Sutch, who has gently supported me in countless different ways over so many years, and who, with his positive manner, his generosity and infinite patience, and, above all, his incred- ible enthusiasm for all sorts of questions of political theory, has always inspired and motivated me again and again. Without him, this work would never have been completed. I would also like to thank Claudia Landwehr for her helpful support and good advice as well as for her trust, which enabled me to write this book in the way that felt right for me. I am further grateful to Ruth Zimmerling who supported and inspired me, especially at the beginning of the project. further, I would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for Palgrave Macmillan for the encouraging feedback. It has been a pleasure throughout to work with the Palgrave Macmillan staff: Ambra finotello, Tikoji Rao Mega Rao, and Gary Browning. I am very grateful for the support I have received from and at Cardiff University, where I have always found a very stimulating and welcoming work atmosphere, first as a student and later as a visiting researcher. I would also like to thank all those who I met and grew fond of there and who made my stays in Cardiff so very inspiring, enjoyable, productive, and memorable. In particular, I would like to thank David Boucher, Peri Roberts, Bruce Haddock, Rhianwen Daniel, Marloes Kontermann, Sarah Gallimore, and my generous hostess Carys Evans, who always gave me a cosy home during my stays. Special thanks are due to Tia Culley, who not only provided valuable company during some of my most productive writ- ing periods but also selflessly and without hesitation agreed to proofread my work. She did so at a time when she herself was under extraordinary strain. I would also like to express a special thanks to Camilla Boisen, who managed to encourage me with her expertise and passion for the history of ideas and who, with great helpfulness and patience, significantly enriched my explanations on this topic. PREfACE xi I am also very grateful for the support I received at the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, where I presented an earlier version of this work as a doctoral thesis. The university has been giving me the valuable opportunity to reflect and develop my professional skills for many years. I would especially like to thank my colleagues and friends from Mainz including the members of the Political Theory Club for the valuable ideas, charitable scepticism, and intelligent comments on my theoretical considerations, as well as their understanding and emotional support. In particular, I would like to thank Stefan Schlag, Doris Unger, Jürgen Sirsch, Annette Schmitt, Daniel Müller, Mirjam Gimbel, frederick Wilhelmi, Theresa Edelhoff, Eva frischmann, and Matthis Mohs, as well as frank Swiaczny and Eckhard Mandrella. I am also grateful to my student assis- tants, first and foremost Selina Beckmann, but also Jan Koloska and Christopher Niederelz who contributed with great commitment to put- ting the work into a presentable form. I would also like to thank Bernd Ladwig for his valuable feedback and generous invitation for presenting my work at his faculty at freie Universität in Berlin. further thanks go to Geoffrey Brennan, Chandran Kukathas, and Johannes Marx for the inspiring discussions and encouragement. My greatest thanks go to my family, who have always supported me lovingly and patiently throughout the process and have given me courage and strength in particularly challenging phases. I would especially like to mention the fabulous motivation box of my sister Mareike for the final phase of the project, whose lovely surprises gave me new motivation and positive energy every day. I cannot pay enough tribute to my parents’ patience and tireless efforts as loving babysitters, which gave me the time I so desperately needed to finish the book in the end. The critical acumen of my beloved husband Johannes Kessler, his quick comprehension, and his persistent perfectionism contributed decisively to giving the work its final touches. My beloved little son Jakob showed me that there is a life beyond political theory. He helped me to put things into perspective and gave me the best reason in the world to complete this work, and for that I am infinitely grateful. Mainz, Germany Barbara Elisabeth Müller