Cosmopolitan Power in International Relations: A Synthesis of Realism, Neoliberalism, and Constructivism

335 Pages·2010·1.78 MB·English

by  Giulio M. Gallarotti

CosmopolitanPowerinInternationalRelations
How can nations optimize their power in the modern world system?
Realist theory has underscored the importance of hard power as the
ultimate path to national strength. In this vision, nations require the
muscleandstrategiestocompelcomplianceandachievetheirfullpower
potential.However,changesinworldpoliticshaveincreasinglyencour-
agednationalleaderstocomplementtraditionalpowerresourceswith
moreenlightenedstrategiesorientedaroundtheuseofsoftpower.The
resources to compel compliance must be increasingly integrated with
theresourcestocultivatecompliance.Onlythroughthisintegrationof
hardandsoftpowercannationsachievetheirgreateststrengthinmod-
ern world politics, and this realization carries important implications
forcompetingparadigmsofinternationalrelations.Theideaofpower
optimizationcanbedeliveredonlythroughtheintegrationofthethree
leading paradigms of international relations – realism, neoliberalism,
andconstructivism.Suchanintegrationismanifestinacosmopolitan
theoryofpower.
GiulioM.GallarottiisProfessorofGovernmentandTutorintheCol-
legeofSocialStudiesatWesleyanUniversity.HehasalsobeenaVisiting
ProfessorattheUniversityofRome.HeistheauthorofTheAnatomy
of an International Monetary Regime: The Classical Gold Standard
1880–1914 (1995) and The Power Curse: Influence and Illusion in
WorldPolitics(2010).Hehasalsopublishednumerousarticlesinlead-
ing journals across a number of disciplines: economics, politics, law,
history,andbusiness.
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Cosmopolitan Power in
International Relations
A Synthesis of Realism, Neoliberalism,
and Constructivism
GIULIO M. GALLAROTTI
WesleyanUniversity,Middletown,Connecticut
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Firstpublished2010
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
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Gallarotti,GiulioM.
Cosmopolitanpowerininternationalrelations:asynthesisofrealism,neoliberalism,and
constructivism/GiulioM.Gallarotti.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-521-19007-7–ISBN978-0-521-13812-3(pbk.)
1.Internationalrelations–Philosophy. 2.Power(Socialsciences)–Casestudies.
3.Realism–Politicalaspects–Casestudies. 4.Neoliberalism–Casestudies.
5.Culturalrelations–Casestudies. I.Title.
JZ1305.G35 2010
327.101–dc22 2010031763
ISBN978-0-521-19007-7Hardback
ISBN978-0-521-13812-3Paperback
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Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013
Dedicated to
My sons Alessio and Giulio Christian
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Contents
Preface pageix
Introduction 1
1 TheTheoryofCosmopolitanPower 16
2 Crucial-CaseTextualAnalysisoftheFoundingFathersof
Realism:TheClassicalInspirations 76
3 Crucial-CaseTextualAnalysisoftheFoundingFathersof
Realism:TheModernInspirations 126
4 CaseStudiesofSoftEmpowerment:FreeTrade,the
ClassicalGoldStandard,andDollarization 156
5 CaseStudyofHardDisempowerment:U.S.ForeignPolicy
andtheBushDoctrine 180
6 CaseStudyofSoftEmpowerment:ThePowerofModern
AmericanCulture 226
7 Conclusions 266
Appendix:FormalModelofCosmopolitanPower 275
References 287
Index 309
vii
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Cosmopolitan Power in International Relations
A Synthesis of Realism, Neoliberalism, and Constructivism
Giulio M. Gallarotti
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511760839
Online ISBN: 9780511760839
Hardback ISBN: 9780521190077
Paperback ISBN: 9780521138123
Chapter
Preface pp. ix-x
Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511760839.001
Cambridge University Press
Preface
Thisbookisthesecondpartofagreaterprojectonpower.Thefirstpart
culminated in a book entitled The Power Curse: Influence and Illusion
in World Politics (Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2010). The two parts
fit together as an analysis of the cycle of power in world politics. The
first book analyzes how nations lose power. Paradoxically, many of the
weakening effects that bring about this loss of power inhere in the very
processofpoweraugmentationitself.Asnationsgrowstronger,theyare
systematically plagued with adverse consequences that undermine this
strength.Inthisrespect,asmuchasnationsvaluepower,poweritselfcan
be a curse. If decision makers are not sensitized to these consequences,
andhencedonotundertakestrategiestolimittheeffectsoftheseconse-
quences,theymaybecomevictimsofapowerillusion(i.e.,theirnations
will be far weaker than perceived). The present book is a natural corol-
lary to the first. In a world where power is still a principal objective of
nations, but the process of power augmentation is both precarious and
plagued,howcannationsoptimizepower?Thisbookattemptstoprovide
ananswertothisimportantquestion.Itdoessobycrossingparadigmatic
boundaries to produce a theory of power optimization that combines
compelling tenets of the three major paradigms in international politics:
realism, neoliberalism, and constructivism. I refer to it as the theory of
cosmopolitan power. Such a synthetic theory is necessary to produce a
visionofpowerthatbestfitsthemodernworldsystem.Althoughscholars
have found such paradigmatic boundaries difficult to bridge, especially
on the issue of power, changes in modern international relations have
made such a bridge ever more necessary for the purpose of producing a
ix
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x Preface
theoryofpowerthatbetteraccordswiththestateofworldpoliticsinour
epochandbeyond.
Many individuals have been instrumental in the completion of this
book. Their generosity and insightfulness contributed immensely to the
content of these pages in one way or another, and hence this book rep-
resents a collective effort. I would especially like to thank a number of
suchindividuals:DavidBaldwin,LewisBateman,PhilipCerny,Michael
Cox, Douglas Foyle, Gemma Gallarotti, Richard Grossman, Christian
Hogendorn,RobertJervis,KenKarpinski,DavidKearn,DavidMcBride,
Joseph Nye, Nicholas Onuf, Peter Rutland, Gil Skillman, Jack Snyder,
Elizabeth Trammell, Alexander Wendt, and the anonymous referees of
CambridgeUniversityPressandOxfordUniversityPress.Iwouldliketo
thankWesleyanUniversityforfinancialsupport.Finally,aspecialthanks
goes to my wife Gem and my sons Giulio Christian and Alessio, for not
onlybeingconstantinspirations,butalsofortheinnumerablewaysthey
havefilledmylife.
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