Cosmic Plasma Physics: Proceedings of the Conference on Cosmic Plasma Physics Held at the European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), Frascati, Italy, September 20–24, 1971

359 Pages·1972·11.211 MB·English

by  Hannes Alfvén (auth.), Karl Schindler (eds.)

COSMIC PLASMA PHYSICS
COSMIC PLASMA
PHYSICS
Proceedings of the Conference on Cosmic Plasma Physics
Held at the European Space Research Institute (ESRIN),
Frascati, Italy, September 20-24, 1971
Edited by Karl Schindler
European Space Research Institute
Frascati, Italy
~
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK-LONDON • 1972
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-188924
ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-6760-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-6758-5
001: 10 .1 007/978-1-4615-6758-5
© 1972 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1972
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition, published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, NW10 6SE, London, England
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the publisher
FOREWORD
The plan to hold a conference on cosmic plasma
physics originated in the Plasma Physics Division
of the European Physical Society, whose chairman,
B. Lehnert, took the first steps towards its
realization. -
ESRIN readily adopted this idea, and preliminary
contacts with a number of other groups showed that
there was a good deal of interest in bringing to
gether people working in different areas of the
field of cosmic plasma physics. It was clearly
felt that an exchange of views and experience,
and an attempt to define problem areas, would be
profitable. In this spirit a programme was de
vised which covered a large variety of topics,
ranging from ionospheric to galactic structures.
A diversified programme of this kind runs the
risk that the communication between the various
fields of specialization remains insufficient.
It was gratifying to find that within the wide
field of cosmic plasma physics a lively dialogue
was in fact possible.
The Conference was sponsored by the European
Physical Society. Financial support was provided
by ESRO.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the excellent
suggestions of the programme committee members
L. Biermann, N. D'Angelo, R. Gendrin, and
B. Lehnert. I should like to thank my colleagues
B. Bertotti, K. Lackner, and J.F. McKenzie, and
numerous other ESRIN staff members, for their
valuable help. I feel particularly indebted to
the conference secretary, Miss Sachs, who did the
real work while I just signed the letters.
ESRIN, Frascati
November 1971 K. Schindler
v
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
H. ALrVEN
ReZations between cosmic and Zaboratory
pZasma physics (ISt) .......... ...................•. 1
PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS
r.v. CORONITI and c.r. KENNEL
Magnetospheric substorms (IS) ......... ............. 15
C. OBERMAN, r.w. PERKINS and E. VALEO
Parametric instabiZities generated ion the
ionosphere by intense radio waves (ct) ••••••••••••• 25
L. CONSEIL, Y. LEBLANC, G. ANTONINI and D. QUEMADA
Study of a Jovian ptasmasphere and the occurrence
of Jupiter radiobursts (C) ...•........•........•... 27
A.C. DAS
Effect of a Zarge ampZitude wave packet and
second order resonance on the stimuZation
of VLF emissions (C) .......................................................... 37
H. KIKUCHI
UniversaZ instabiZity associated with the
pZasmapause and its roZe in geomagnetic
miaraopuZsations (C) ................................................................ 45
r.w. PERKINS, N.J. ZABUSKY and J.H. DOLES
Deformation and striation of barium cZouds
in the ionosphere (C) •...............•.......•...•. 55
vii
viii CONTENTS
SOLAR WIND
M.D. MONTGOMERY
ThermaZ energy transport in the soZar wind (IS) ... 61
L.F. BURLAGA
The soZar wind near the sun:
the soZar enveZope (ITt).......................... 73
H.J. FAHR
InfZuence of neutraZ intersteZZar matter
on the expansion of the soZar wind (C) ............ 81
E.J. WEBER
Hydrogen-heZium expansion from the sun (C) ........ 93
N. D'ANGELO and V.O. JENSEN
Heating of the soZar wind ions (C) ..............•. 101
V. FORMISANO and J.K. CHAO
On the generation of shock pairs
in the soZar wind (C) ...........•................• 103
H.J. VOELK and W. ALPERS
SpectraZ anisotropy of AZfven waves
in the soZar wind (C) ............•.............•.. 105
J.K. CHAO
Evidence for waves and/or turbuZence
in the vicinity of shocks in space (C) ........•... 113
SOLAR WIND INTERACTION WITH PLANETS AND COMETS
L. BIERMANN
Comets in the soZar wind (IT) .....•............... 123
M.K. WALLIS
Comet-Zike interaction of Venus
with the soZar wind (C) ...•...•...............••.. 137
L. DANIELSSON
Laboratory experiments on the interaction
between a pZasma and a neutraZ gas (IT) •.....••.•• 141
M. DOBROWOLNY and N. D'ANGELO
Wave motion in type I comet taiZs (C) ........••... 149
CONTENTS ix
SOLAR PHYSICS
J .M. WILCOX
Divers solar rotations (IS) •.••••.••••.....••.•..• 157
G.A. DOSCHEK, J.F. MEEKINS, R.W. KREPLIN,
T.A. CHUBB and H. FRIEDMAN
Soft x-ray spectral studies
of solar flare plasmas (C) •...••....••••.••.•..... 165
W.H. BOSTICK, V. NARDI and W. PRIOR
Similarities between solar flares
and laboratory hot plasma phenomena (C) ..•.••....• 175
A. MANGENEY
Gyromagnetic radiation from bunched electrons (C) 185
H. ROSENBERG
Observations of coronal magnetic field strengths
and flux tubes and their stability (C) .••........• 191
STELLAR AND INTERSTELLAR PLASMA
E.N. PARKER
The dynamical behavior of the interstellar gas,
field, and cosmic rays (IS) •••.••.•..•..•.•••...•. 195
L. MESTEL
Stellar magnetohydrodynamics (IS) ..•....••••..•..• 203
B. COPPI and A. TREVES
Plasma turbulent hea~ing
and thermal x-ray sources (IS) •....••••..••....... 215
PULSARS
F. D. DRAKE
Radio and optical observations of pulsars (IS) .••. 225
F.W. PERKINS and C.E. MAX
Propagation of relativistic electromagnetic
waVes in a plasma (C) ••.•••.••..•••..•...••..•.••. 233
G. KUO-PETRAVIC, M. PETRAVIC and K.V. ROBERTS
A three-dimensional relativistic computation
for the pulsar magnetosphere (C) .••••...••••....•. 239
x CONTENTS
PULSARS (cont'd)
V.V. ZHELEZNYAKOV
On the origin of puZsar radiation (IS) ••.•.......• 249
G. KALMAN, P. BAKSHI and R. COVER
Strong magnetia fieZd effeats
in the puZsar arusts and atmospheres (C) •...•..... 261
GENERAL THEORY
V. . N. TSYTOVICH
Cosmia ray speatrum and pZasma turbuZenae (IS) .... 269
S.W.H. COWLEY
The properties of magnetia
neutraZ sheet systems (IT) ...•...........•.••..... 273
T.J. BIRMINGHAM
FieZd Zine motion in the presenae of
finite aonduativity (C) ......••...•............... 283
SHOCK WAVES, TURBULENCE
J.W.M. PAUL
CoZZisionZess shoaks (IS) ................•..•...•. 293
K. ELSAESSER and H. SCHAMEL
Non-Zinear evoZution of firehose-unstabZe
AZfven waves (C) .... ....•.•......•••......•....•.. 305
T.J. BIRMINGHAM and M. BORNATICI
Resonant diffusion in
strongZy turbuZent pZasmas (C) .•..••...........••. 311
B. BERTOTTI, D. PARKINSON, K. SCHINDLER and
P. GOLDBERG
The struature of the earth's bow shoak (C) ••••.•.• 319
M. KEILHACKER, M. KORNHERR, H. NIEDERMEYER and
K.-H. STEUER
ExperimentaZ study of eZeatron and ion heating in
high-B perpendiauZar aoZZisionZess shoak waves (C) 327
A. ROGISTER
NonZinear theory of aross-fieZd and tWo-stream
instabiZities in the equatoriaZ eZeatrojet (C) ••.• 335
CONTENTS xi
COSMIC RAYS
G. WIBBERENZ and K.P. BEUERMANN
Fe~mi aaaeZe~ation in inte~pZaneta~y spaae .(C) •..• 339
V.J. KISSELBACH
The gaZaatia aosmia ~ay diu~naZ va~iation
as a st~eaming pZasma inte~aation between
gaZaatia and soZa~ ao~pusauZa~ ~adiation (C) .••... 349
L.R. BARNDEN
The inte~pZaneta~y aonditions assoaiated with
aosmia ~ay Fo~bush dea~eases (C) •........•..... ... 351
E. BUSSOLETTI and N. IUCCI
The diu~naZ effeat of aosmia ~ays and
its dependenae on the inte~pZaneta~y
magnetia fieZd (C) ••..•.........•................. 359
INDEX .•••••.••••...•..••••.....•••.•...•••...•••..• 365
t IS Invited survey lecture
IT Invited topical lecture
C Contributed paper
RELATIONS BETWEEN COSMIC AND LABORATORY PLASMA PHYSICS
Hannes Alfven
Division of Plasma Physics
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
ABSTRACT
Like all other fields of physics, plasma physics
cannot be developed without an intimate contact between
theory and experiments. Theories which have not been
checked by experiments often describe a hypothetical me
dium which has little similarity with a real plasma.
Some general remarks are made about the present
state of astrophysics.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACH TO PLASMA PHYSICS
Plasma physics has started al~ng two parallel lines.
One is the hundred years old investigations in what was
called "electrical discharges in gases". To a high de
gree this approach was experimental and phenomenological,
and only very slowly it reached some degree of theoret
ical sophistication. Most theoretical physicists look
ed down on this field, which was complicated and awkward.
The plasma exhibited striations and double-layers, the
electron distribution was non-Maxwellian, there were all
sorts of oscillations and instabilities. In short, it
was a field which was not at all suited for mathematic
ally elegant theories.
The other approach came from the highly developed
kinetic theory of ordinary gases. It was thought that