Cosmic Explosions: On the 10th Anniversary of SN1993J (IAU Colloquium 192)

575 Pages·2005·12.66 MB·English

by  Schuyler D. Van Dyk

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Onthe10thAnniversaryofSN1993J
andH.-B.Schu¨ttler
(IAUColloquium192)
Editors:J.M.MarcaideandK.W.Weiler
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Volumes46–74arelistedattheendofthebook.
J. M. Marcaide K. W. Weiler (Eds.)
Cosmic Explosions
On the 10th Anniversary of SN1993J
(IAU Colloquium 192)
With199Figuresand15colorplates
123
ProfessorJuan-Mar´ıaMarcaide Dr.KurtW.Weiler
UniversidaddeValencia NavalResearchLaboratory,Code7213
Depto.AstronomiayAstrofisica Washington,DC20375-5320
CalleDr.Moliner50 USA
46100Burjassot
Spain
ISSN0930-8989
ISBN3-540-23039-4SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004111216
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Preface
SupernovaeareamongthemostenergeticphenomenaintheUniverseandre-
lated to almost all aspects of modern astrophysics including starburst galax-
ies, cosmic ray acceleration, neutron star and black hole formation, nucle-
osynthesis and ISM chemical enrichment, energy input to the ISM, cosmic
distance scale determination, dark energy related cosmological acceleration,
gamma-ray bursts,extra-solar systemneutrinoburstdetection, gravity wave
generation, and many more. Additionally, the past 15 years have been par-
ticularly productive with many new results and new understanding due in
particular to the closest SN in 400 years in SN 1987A in the Large Mag-
ellanic Cloud, and the unusually bright and close SN 1993J and SN 1994I
in the nearby galaxies M81 and M51, respectively. In addition, the discov-
ery of the γ-ray burst GRB 980425 and its related supernova SN 1998bw,
and the confirmation of GRB 030329/SN 2003dh, tied the study of SNe and
GRBsinextricablytogether.Withthemanydevelopmentssincethelastma-
jor supernova meeting in La Serena, Chile in 1997, we felt that it was an
appropriate time to bring together experts and students interested in the
subject for a meeting where SN and GRB properties and interrelationships
could be discussed. The tenth anniversary of SN 1993J provided such an op-
portunityand,appropriately,themeetingwasheldinSpainwhereSN1993J
wasdiscoveredontheearlymorningof28March1993byaSpanishamateur
astronomer, Francisco Garc´ıa.
The conference covered all aspects of supernova and GRB research: the-
oretical aspects like nucleosynthesis and explosion mechanisms, progenitor
stars,pulsarandSNRformation,interactionwiththecircumstellarmedium,
andparticleaccelerationmechanisms,aswellasobservationalaspectsinclud-
ing radio, IR, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray studies. Cosmology and Dark
Energy were also extensively discussed. The conference consisted of 17 re-
views, 17 invited talks, 58 contributed papers and 50 posters. Wider public
interest in astrophysics in general and supernovae in particular was shown
by the large attendance at the excellent open lectures given by the renown
scientist,lecturer,andauthorSirMartinReesfromCambridge,UK,byFran-
cisco Garc´ıa from Lugo, Spain, and by the world’s most successful amateur
supernova hunter, Rev. Robert Evans from Hazelbrook, New South Wales,
Australia.
VI Preface
In order to preserve and more widely disseminate the information pre-
sented at the meeting, we have prepared thepresentvolumeand accompany-
ingCD-ROM.TheCDadditionallyincludesposterdescriptionsandmeeting
photographs not printed here.
Such a valuable meeting would not have been possible without the sup-
port of many people and institutions. There is no way that we can list all
the people who contributed to making the meeting a success, but we would
particularly like to thank M. Toharia, Director of the Museo de las Ciencias
Pr´ıncipe Felipe, Prof. F. Toma´s, Rector of the Universitat de Valencia, and
Prof. J. Quesada, Head of the Oficina de Ciencia y Tecnolog´ıa de la Gen-
eralitat Valenciana. Very special thanks are also due to the members of the
Local Organizing Committee and, in particular, to its co-chairman Dr. J. C.
Guirado and to the staff of the Museo de las Ciencias.
Theconferencecouldnothavetakenplacewithoutthefinancialandtech-
nical support of many Valencian, Spanish, European, American, and inter-
national agencies and institutions: Ciudad de las Artes y de las Ciencias de
Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana, Ayuntamiento de
Valencia, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog´ıa, Consejo Superior de Investiga-
cionesCient´ıficas,SociedadEspan˜oladeAstronom´ıa,EuropeanCommission,
InternationalAstronomicalUnion,InternationalUnionofRadioScience,Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation,
American Astronomical Society, and the Naval Research Laboratory all con-
tributed to its success.
We would also like to thank Viajes Iberia Congresos for the efficient con-
ference organization and Springer for the continuous support and patience
with the editors of these proceedings. KWW wishes to thank the Office of
Naval Research for the 6.1 funding supporting his research.
Fig. 1. Photographs (courtesy of Brian P. Schmidt) of the galaxy M81 with
SN1993J readily apparent (left), the area of the SN before explosion (right, top),
and the area with SN1993J near maximum brightness (right, bottom).
Valencia – Washington, J.M. Marcaide
August 2004 K.W. Weiler

Contents
Part I Supernovae: Individual
A Decade of Radio and X-ray Observations of SN 1993J
Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Kurt W. Weiler, Richard A. Sramek, Nino
Panagia, Christopher Stockdale, Christina Lacey, Marcos Montes,
Michael Rupen.................................................. 3
Imaging of SN 1993J
A. Alberdi, J.M. Marcaide........................................ 13
Nine Years of VLBI Imaging of Supernova 1993J
M. F. Bietenholz, N. Bartel, M. P. Rupen, A. J. Beasley, D. A.
Graham, Altunin, V. I., T. Venturi, G. Umana, W. H. Cannon, J. E.
Conway........................................................ 23
On the SN 1993J Radio Shell Structure
J.M. Marcaide, I. Mart´ı-Vidal, E. Ros, A. Alberdi, J.C. Guirado,
L. Lara, M.A. P´erez-Torres, K.W. Weiler.......................... 29
Optical, Ultraviolet, and Infrared Observations of SN 1993J
Alexei V. Filippenko, Thomas Matheson ........................... 37
Simulated Radio Images and Light Curves of SN 1993J
Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Amy J. Mioduszewski, Lewis T. Ball.......... 47
X-ray Observations of SN 1993J
H.-U. Zimmermann ............................................. 53
Modeling the Radio and X-ray Emission of SN 1993J
and SN 2002ap
Claes Fransson and Claes-Ingvar Bjo¨rnsson ........................ 59
Detection of the Binary Companion to the Progenitor
of SN 1993J
S.J. Smartt, J.R. Maund, R.P. Kudritzki, P. Podsiadlowski, G. Gilmore 71
X Contents
Supernova 1987A: The Birth of a Supernova Remnant
Richard McCray ................................................ 77
SN 1987A at Radio Wavelengths
L. Staveley-Smith, R.N. Manchester, B.M. Gaensler, M.J. Kesteven,
A.K. Tzioumis, N.S. Bizunok, V.C. Wheaton....................... 89
High-Resolution Radio Imaging of Young Supernovae:
SN 1979C, SN 1986J, and SN 2001gd
M.A. P´erez-Torres, J.M. Marcaide, A. Alberdi, E. Ros, J.C. Guirado,
L. Lara, F. Mantovani, C.J. Stockdale, K.W. Weiler, P.J. Diamond,
S.D. Van Dyk, P. Lundqvist, N. Panagia, I.I. Shapiro, R. Sramek .... 97
VLBI Observations of SN 1979C and SN 1986J
N. Bartel, M.F. Bietenholz ....................................... 105
SN 1994W: Evidence of Explosive Mass Ejection
a Few Years Before Explosion
Nikolai N. Chugai, Robert J. Cumming, Sergei I. Blinnikov, Peter
Lundqvist, Alexei V. Filippenko, Aaron J. Barth, Angela Bragaglia,
Douglas C. Leonard, Thomas Matheson, Jesper Sollerman ........... 111
A Most Energetic Type Ic Supernova: SN 2003L
Alicia M. Soderberg ............................................. 117
Radio Monitoring of Supernova 2001ig: The First Year
Stuart D. Ryder, Elaine Sadler, Ravi Subrahmanyan, Kurt W. Weiler,
Nino Panagia, Christopher Stockdale .............................. 123
Synthetic Spectra of the Type Ia SN 2002bo
M. Stehle, P.A. Mazzali.......................................... 129
Part II Supernovae: Observations
Radio Supernovae
Richard A. Sramek, Kurt W. Weiler, Nino Panagia ................. 137
Low Frequency Radio and X-ray Properties
of Core-Collapse Supernovae
A. Ray, P. Chandra, F. Sutaria, S. Bhatnagar...................... 145
Supernova Spectra
Massimo Turatto................................................ 151
Optical Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernovae
Thomas Matheson .............................................. 161