Cortical Sensory Organization: Volume 1: Multiple Somatic Areas

254 Pages·1982·7.667 MB·English

by  Mary Carlson, Carol Welt (auth.), Clinton N. Woolsey (eds.)

Cortical Sensory Organization
Multiple Somatic Areas
Cortical Sensory Organization
Edited by Clinton N. Woolsey
Volume 1: Multiple Somatic Areas
Volume 2: Multiple Visual Areas
Volume 3: Multiple Auditory Areas
Cortical Sensory Organization
Volume 1
Multiple Somatic Areas
Edited by
Clinton N. Woolsey
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Humana Press • Clifton, New Jersey
© 1981 The HUMANA Press Inc.
Softcover reorint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1981
Crescent Manor
P. O. Box 2148
Clifton, N. J. 07015
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-5813-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-5811-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5811-7
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written
permission from the Publisher
Table of Contents
Contents of Other Volumes. .................................. xi
Preface ..................................................... xiii
Chapter 1
The Somatic Sensory Cortex: Sm I in Prosimian
Primates ......................................... 1
Mary Carlson and Carol Welt
1. Comparative Study of Primates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Comparative Significance of Sulcal Patterns in
Sensorimotor Cortex of Primates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. 1. Living and Extinct Prosimians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2. Old and New World Simians....................... 7
3. Comparative Significance of Physiological
Organization and Cytoarchitectonic Fields of Sm I
in Primates ............................................. 10
3.1. Rationale for Galago Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
3.2. Intrinsic Organization of Sm I in Galago . . . . . . . . .. 12
3.3. Homologs ofSm I in Prosimian and Simian
Primates ......................................... 15
4. Multiple Sm I Areas and Behavior ....................... 18
5. Summary .............................................. 21
Acknowledgments ...................................... 22
References ............................................. 23
Chapter 2
The Postcentral Somatosensory Cortex: Multiple
Representations of the Body in Primates .............2 9
Jon H. Kaas, Mriganka Sur, Randall J. Nelson,
and Michael M. Merzenich
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29
v
vi Contents
2. Features of Organization of the Two
Representations of the Skin in Monkeys ................. 32
2.1. Features of the Cutaneous Representations
Common to Different Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
2.2. Species Differences in the Area 3b and the
Area 1 Representations ........................... 35
3. Evidence That the Area 3b Representation of
Monkeys is Homologous with S I of Other Mammals. . . . .. 38
4. Significance of Continuities and Discontinuities in
Cutaneous Representations ............................. 41
5. Summary .............................................. 43
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
Chapter 3
Organization 0/ the S I Cortex: Multiple
Cutaneous Representations in Areas 3b and 1 of
the Owl Monkey ................................. 47
Michael M. Merzenich, Mriganka Sur, Randall
J. Nelson and Jon H. Kaas
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
2. BasiC Approach. ........................................ 48
2.1. Experimental Strategy ............................ 48
2.2. A Note on Terminology ............................ 48
3. Summary of Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
3.1. Internal Organization of Parietal
Somatosensory Strip (PSS) Cutaneous Fields. . . . .. 49
3.2. Some Implications ................................ 58
3.3. Further Studies on the Internal Organization
of "s I" Fields .................................... 59
4. Evidence for Functional "Modules" within "s 1". .•.......• 59
5. Dynamic Features of Cortical Field Organization ......... 63
Acknowledgments ...................................... 63
References ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
Chapter 4
Organization 0/ the S II Parietal Cortex: Multiple
Somatic Sensory Representations within and
near the Second Somatic Sensory Area of
Cynomolgus Monkeys ............................ 67
H. Burton and C. J. Robinson
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67
2. Methods and Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
Contents vii
3. Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.1. The Location of S II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
3.2. Receptive Fields in S II.......................... 75
3.3. Organization of the Body in S II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77
3.4. The S II Complex Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87
3.5. The Location of Area 7 Posterior to S II . . . . . . . . .. 92
3.6. Somatic Receptive Fields in Area 7b............. 95
3.7. Somatotopic Organization within 7b............ 95
3.8. The Location of the Retroinsular Area,
Postauditory Area and Granular Insula. . . . . . . . .. 99
3.9. Receptive Fields of Neurons within Ri and
Pa ............................................. 103
3.10. Possible Somatotopography Along the
Fundal Region of the Lateral Sulcus. . . . . . . . . . . .. 105
3. 11. Somatic Sensory Activation of Granular
Insular Neurons ................................ 105
3.12. Distribution of Somatic Submodalities .......... 106
4. Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108
4. 1. Interpretations of Area 7 Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
4.2. Thalamocortical Connections to Area '7 . . . . . . . . . .. 111
4.3. The Retroinsular and Postauditory Cortical
Areas ........................................... 112
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
Abbreviations .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
References ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114
ChapterS
Body Topography in the Second Somatic
Sensory Area: Monkey S II Somatotopy .... ...... 121
David P. Friedman
1. Introduction .......................................... 121
2. Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
3. Results. ............................................... 125
3.1. The Cytoarchitecture of S II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
3.2. Patterns of Axonal and Cellular Labeling .......... 131
3.3. The Topology of the Body Representation in
S II ............................................. 133
3.4. The Retroinsular Area ........................... 146
4. Discussion ............................................ 149
4.1. Reconstruction of the Lateral Sulcus ............. 150
4.2. The Body Representation ........................ 152
4.3. Patterns of Cellular and Axonal Distribution
in S II ........................................... 157
4.4. Some Functional Considerations ................. 158
viii Contents
Acknowledgements .................................... 159
Abbreviations ......................................... 160
References ............................................ 161
Chapter 6
Supplementary Sensory Area: The Medial Parietal
Cortex in the Monkey ........................... 167
Elisabeth A. Murray and Joe D. Coulter
1. Introduction .......................................... 167
2. Organization of Corticospinal Neurons in the
Posterior Parietal Cortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168
2.1. Experimental Design and Procedure .............. 168
2.2. Projections to the Upper Cervical Cord ............ 169
2.3. Cervical Enlargement Projections ................. 171
2.4. Cortical Projections to the Lumbosacral Cord ..... 171
2.5. Somatotopic Organization of Corticospinal
Neurons in the Posterior Parietal Cortex. . . . . . . . .. 172
2.6. Proportion of the Corticospinal Tract
Emanating from the Posterior Parietal Cortex ..... 172
3. Response Properties of Neurons in the Medial
Posterior Parietal Cortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173
3.1. Experimental Design and Procedure .............. 173
3.2. Receptive Fields of Neurons in the Medial
Posterior Parietal Cortex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 174
3.3. Response Properties of Neurons in the Medial
Posterior Parietal Cortex ......................... 177
4. Observations Concerning the Connectivity of the
Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex in Monkeys. . . . . . . . . . . .. 180
4.1. Experimental Design and Procedure .............. 180
4.2. Thalamic and Other Subcortical Afferent
Connectivity .................................... 182
4.3. Corticocortical Connections ...................... 183
4.4. Source of Somatic Sensory Inputs to the
Supplementary Sensory Area. .................... 187
5. Summary ............................................. 187
Abbreviations ......................................... 191
References ............................................ 192
Chapter 7
Spatial Organization of Primate Precentral
Cortex: Quantitative Neighborhood Relations ...... 197
H. C. Kwan, J. T. Murphy and Y. C. Wong
1. Introduction .......................................... 197
Contents ix
2. Methods .............................................. 198
3. Results. ............................................... 200
4. Discussion ............................................ 201
5. Summary ............................................. 203
References ............................................ 203
Chapter 8
lntracortical Connectivities 0/ Somatic Sensory
and Motor Areas: Multiple Cortical Pathways in
Monkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
R. M. Bowker and J. D. Coulter
1. Introduction .......................................... 205
Functional Areas and Cytoarchitecture ................. 207
2. Topography of the S I and M I Connections. ............. 208
2.1. Area 3b ......................................... 209
2.2. Areas 1 and 2 ................................... 209
2.3. Area 5 .......................................... 210
2.4. Area 3a ......................................... 213
2.5. Area 4 .......................................... 213
2.6. Summary ofS I and M I Connections ............. 213
3. Intraconnections of the Supplementary Motor and
Supplementary Sensory Areas .......................... 215
3.1. Supplementary Motor Area-Afferents ............ 215
3.2. Supplementary Motor Area-Efferents ............ 217
3.3. Supplementary Sensory Area-Afferents .......... 222
3.4. Supplementary Sensory Area-Efferents .......... 223
4. General Features in the Organization of
Intracortical Connections of the Somatic Sensory
and Motor Areas ....................................... 230
4.1. Laminar Organization ........................... 230
4.2. Columnar Organization. ......................... 231
4.3. Somatotopic Organization ....................... 232
5. Functional Aspects .................................... 233
5.1. Relay of Sensory Inputs to Motor Cortex .......... 233
5.2. Information Processing, Convergence and
Control ......................................... 236
Acknowledgments ..................................... 238
References ............................................ 238
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
Contents of Other Volumes
Cortical Sensory Organization
Edited by Clinton N. Woolsey
Volume 2: Multiple Visual Areas
Multiple Cortical Visual Areas: Visual Field Topography in the Cat, R. J. Tusa, L. A.
Palmer and A. C. Rosenquist
Comparative Studies on the Visual Cortex, Vicente M. Montero
Multiple Representations of the Visual Field: Corticothalamic and Thalamic Organi
zation in the Cat, B. V. Updyke
Families of Related Cortical Areas in the Extrastriate Visual System: Summary of an
Hypothesis, Ann M. Graybiel and David M. Berson
Cortical and Subcortical Connections of the Visual Cortex in Primates, Rosalyn E.
Weller and Jon H. Kaas
Organization of Extrastriate Visual Areas in the Macaque Monkey, D. C. Van
Essen, J. H. R. Maunsell and J. L. Bixby
Visual Topography and Function: Cortical Visual Areas in the Owl Monkey, John
M. Allman, James F. Baker, William T. Newsome and Steven E.
Petersen
Cortical Visual Areas of the Temporal Lobe: Three Areas in the Macaque, C. G.
Gross, C. J. Bruce, R. Desimone, J. Fleming and R. Gattass
xi