Corrosion of ceramic materials

447 Pages·2013·12.876 MB·English

by  Ronald A McCauley

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Materials Science
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Corrosion
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Corrosion of Ceramic Materials Ceramic
Third Edition
Materials
“This book is a thorough description of fundamentals, mechanisms, testing,
and methods to reduce corrosion for a wide range of engineering applications.
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… enables both engineering students as well as working professionals to
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understand and advance their knowledge on the subject. …” r Third Edition
—Richard Haber, Rutgers University r
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“Bringing together more traditional ceramics, advanced structural and s
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functional ceramics, and bioceramics, this is a thorough overview of the o
current understanding of the corrosive degradation phenomena that can n
deleteriously affect these materials. It is certainly a welcome, and timely,
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addition to the literature on ceramics and provides a thorough extension
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of the previous edition.”
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—Kevin Plucknett, Dalhousie University e Ronald A. McCauley
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“… excellent and comprehensive overview of the important mechanisms
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controlling and contributing to the corrosion of glass and ceramics. Excellent m
reference source for students, faculty, and practicing engineers … an easy
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read and emphasizes the practical side of why and how glass is corroded c
under various conditions—by liquids, gases, and in the human body.”
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—Delbert E. Day, Missouri University of Science and Technology
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New to the Third Edition t
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• New chapters on corrosion by biological sources
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• New chapter on corrosion of architectural materials i
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• Additional material on thermal and environmental barrier coatings GLASS LINE
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• Expanded chapter on composites s

• More questions and examples
• New literature sources in each chapter where appropriate
REFRACTORY
K11066
Third
Edition

Corrosion
of
Ceramic
Materials
Third Edition
CORROSION TECHNOLOGY
Editor, Philip A. Schweitzer, P.E.,
Consultant, York, Pennsylvania
Corrosion Protection Handbook: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Resistant Coatings Technology, Ichiro Suzuki
Corrosion Resistance of Elastomers, Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Resistance Tables: Metals, Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics,
Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded
(Parts A and B), Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion-Resistant Piping Systems, Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications,
Frank Porter
Corrosion of Ceramics, Ronald A. McCauley
Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice, P. Marcus and J. Oudar
Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels, C. P. Dillon
Corrosion Resistance Tables: Metals, Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics,
Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded
(Parts A, B, and C), Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Engineering Handbook, edited by Philip A. Schweitzer
Atmospheric Degradation and Corrosion Control, Philip A. Schweitzer
Mechanical and Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Plastics and Elastomers,
Philip A. Schweitzer
Environmental Degradation of Metals, U. K. Chatterjee, S. K. Bose, and S. K. Roy
Environmental Effects on Engineered Materials, Russell H. Jones
Corrosion-Resistant Linings and Coatings, Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded, Philippe Marcus
Electrochemical Techniques in Corrosion Science and Engineering, Robert G. Kelly,
John R. Scully, David W. Shoesmith, and Rudolph G. Buchheit
Metallic Materials: Physical, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties,
Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Resistance Tables: Metals, Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics,
Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Fifth Edition, Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite Materials, Second Edition,
Ronald A. McCauley
Analytical Methods in Corrosion Science and Engineering, Philippe Marcus
and Florian Mansfeld
Paint and Coatings: Applications and Corrosion Resistance, Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Control Through Organic Coatings, Amy Forsgren
Corrosion Engineering Handbook, Second Edition — Three-Volume Set,
Philip A. Schweitzer
Fundamentals of Corrosion: Mechanisms, Causes, and Preventative Methods,
Philip A. Schweitzer
Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice, Third Edition, Philippe Marcus
Corrosion of Ceramic Materials, Third Edition, Ronald A. McCauley
Corrosion
of
Ceramic
Materials
Third Edition
Ronald A. McCauley
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
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Version Date: 20121106
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To my parents
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1909–1966
and
Hazel Lorena (Rishel) McCauley
1912–2004

Contents
Know where to find the information and how to use it.
Albert Einstein
Preface to the Third Edition .............................................................................xvii
Preface to the Second Edition ............................................................................xix
Preface to the First Edition .................................................................................xxi
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................xxiii
Introduction ........................................................................................................xxv
Section I Fundamentals
1. Corrosion by Liquids .....................................................................................3
Introduction ......................................................................................................3
Crystalline Materials .......................................................................................7
Attack by Aqueous Media .........................................................................7
Introduction ............................................................................................7
Minerals ...................................................................................................8
Architectural Materials .......................................................................13
Electrochemical Corrosion.......................................................................21
Attack by Molten Glasses .........................................................................23
Attack by Molten Metals ..........................................................................28
Attack by Molten Salts ..............................................................................30
Glassy Materials .............................................................................................32
Bioactive Glass ...........................................................................................32
Bulk Glasses ...............................................................................................34
Fiberglass ....................................................................................................38
Additional Recommended Reading ............................................................38
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................38
References .......................................................................................................39
2. Corrosion by Gas ..........................................................................................45
Crystalline Materials .....................................................................................45
Glassy Materials .............................................................................................50
Vacuum ............................................................................................................51
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................52
References .......................................................................................................52
vii
viii Contents
3. Corrosion by Solid ........................................................................................55
References .......................................................................................................56
4. Corrosion by Biological Sources................................................................57
Introduction ....................................................................................................57
Human Body Fluids ......................................................................................60
Biogenic Corrosion ....................................................................................60
Ceramic Implants ......................................................................................63
Mineral Dusts ............................................................................................64
Nanoparticles .............................................................................................70
Synthetic Glass Fibers ...............................................................................71
Therapeutic Materials ...............................................................................73
Additional Recommended Reading ............................................................74
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................75
References .......................................................................................................75
5. Acid/Base Effects ..........................................................................................79
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................81
References .......................................................................................................81
6. Diffusion ........................................................................................................83
Additional Recommended Reading ............................................................87
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................87
References .......................................................................................................87
7. Kinetics ...........................................................................................................89
Additional Recommended Reading ............................................................95
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ............................................................95
References .......................................................................................................95
8. Surface Effects ...............................................................................................97
Porosity and Surface Area ............................................................................97
Surface Charge .............................................................................................100
Surface Energy .............................................................................................101
Additional Recommended Reading ..........................................................105
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ..........................................................105
References .....................................................................................................105
9. Thermodynamics ........................................................................................107
Introduction ..................................................................................................107
Mathematical Representation ....................................................................108
Graphical Representation ...........................................................................112
Additional Recommended Reading ..........................................................119
Exercises, Questions, and Problems ..........................................................119
References .....................................................................................................119